Chan Sui Ki (La Salle) College

Mathematics
S1

Chapter 7
Percentages

Name: ______________________

Class: ________________ ( ________ )

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7.1 Simple Problems on Percentages - Notes

A. Finding the Percentages

Example 7.1 & Practice 7.1

There are 18 small-size, 20 middle-size and 12 large-size T-shirts in a store room.
(a) What percentage of the T-shirts are small-size?
(b) What percentage of the T-shirts are middle-size?
(c) What percentage of the T-shirts are large-size?

1. In a bookcase, 28 books are Chinese books and 12 books are English books.
(a) What percentage of the books are Chinese books?
(b) What percentage of the books are English books?
2. In a box of chocolate, 15 pieces are dark chocolate and the rest are milk chocolate.
What is the percentage of milk chocolate in the box?

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Suppose there are 8 boys and 10 girls

Remarks: ‘Percentage of B to A’ is equivalent to ‘what percentage of A is B’

For example,
It is given that A = 25 and B = 20.
(a) What percentage of A is B? (b) What percentage of B is A?

Concept Check

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Example 7.2 & Practice 7.2
Kelly is 153 cm tall and Daniel is 170 cm tall.
(a) What percentage of Daniel’s height is Kelly’s?
(b) By what percentage is Kelly shorter than Daniel?

1. Jason has $1000 and Sally has $800.

(a) What percentage of Sally’s money is Jason’s?
(b) By what percentage of money does Jason have more than Sally.
2. There are 1500 passengers on train A and 1200 passengers on train B.
(a) What percentage of the number of passengers on train A is that on train B?
(b) By what percentage of passengers does train B have fewer than train A?

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B. Finding Quantities From Given Percentages

1. Finding a part from given percentage

Suppose there are 800 students in a school and 45% of them are girls.

Number of girls =

Concept Check

2. Finding the whole from given percentage

Suppose there are 12 blue marbles on a table, which is 30% of the total.

Number of blue marbles = total number of marbles × 30%

∴ Total number of marbles =

If the value of B and the percentage of B to A are known, then the value of A can be found by
Value of A = value of B ÷ percentage of B to A

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Example 7.3 & Practice 7.3
There are 800 students in a school. On a certain day, 80% of students had brought
umbrellas back to school. It is given that 5% of these students left their umbrellas in the
school.
(a) How many students had brought umbrellas back to school?
(b) Find the percentage of students who left their umbrellas in the school.

1. There are 1200 students in a school. In the Students’ Union President election, 90% of
the students had voted, Jim, the elected president got 75% of the votes.
(a) How many students had voted?
(b) Find the percentage of students who voted for Jim.
2. Grace had a pocket money of $2000. She spent 22.5% of her pocket money on
magazines. Among her spending on magazines, 18% was spent on the magazine A.
(a) What was her spending on magazines?
(b) How much did she spend on the magazine A?

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Example 7.4 & Practice 7.4
A restaurant has an outdoor accommodation area of 100 m2, which is 25% of the total
accommodation area of the restaurant.
(a) Find the total accommodation area of the restaurant.
(b) Find the indoor accommodation area of the restaurant.

1. Brian is reading an e-book and he has already read 240 pages. It is given that the
reading is ‘60% completed’.
(a) How many pages are there in this e-book?
(b) How many pages are there that Brian has not read?
2. Mr Chan spends $560 on transport, which is 2.8% of his monthly income.
(a) What is Mr Chan’s monthly income?
(b) If he spends 15% of his monthly income on entertainment, how much does he
spend on entertainment?

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Example 7.5 & Practice 7.5
Patrick is 180 cm tall. Tony is 10% shorter than Patrick and 20% taller than Janice.
(a) Find the height of Tony.
(b) Find the height of Janice.

In a computer game, Janice scored 1800 points. Grace scored 25% less points than Janice
and 20% more points than Ken.
(a) How many points did Grace score?
(b) How many points did Ken score?

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Example 7.6 & Practice 7.6
The figure on the right consists of a square, a trapezium and a rectangle. The total area of
the figure is 450 cm2.
It is given that the areas of the square and the trapezium are 50% and 75% of that of the
rectangle respectively.
(a) Find the area of the rectangle.
(b) Find the percentage of the area of the square to the total area of the figure.

There are 3 classes of seats on an airliner. The numbers of first class seats and business
class seats are 3% and 17% of that of economy class seats respectively.
(a) If there are 480 seats in total, find the number of economy class seats.
(b) Find the percentage of first class seats on the airliner.

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7.1 Simple Problems on Percentages - Exercises
Refer to Example 7.1
1. In a class, 26 students wear glasses and 14 students do not.
(a) What percentage of the students in the class wear glasses? Textbook
Example Video
(b) What percentage of the students in the class do not wear glasses?

2. There are 120 employees in a company in which 48 of them are male. What is the percentage of
female employees in the company?

Refer to Example 7.2

3. Gary has 40 game cards and Jessica has 32 game cards.
(a) What percentage of Jessica’s game cards is Gary’s? Textbook
Example Video
(b) By what percentage of game cards does Gary have more than that of Jessica?

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4. Nicole has $280 and Roy has $350. By what percentage of money does Nicole have less than
Roy?

Refer to Example 7.3

5. There are 200 employees in a company, 80% of them are male. It is known
that 75% of the male employees are married. Textbook
Example Video
(a) How many male employees are there in the company?
(b) Find the percentage of employees who are male and married.

6. There are 250 T-shirts in a shop, in which 40% are of S size. It is known that 80% of the S size T-
shirts are white in colour.
(a) How many S size T-shirts are there in the shop?
(b) How many T-shirts in the shop are of S size and white in colour?

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Refer to Example 7.4
7. Ada and Brian share an amount of money. It is given that Ada gets $168,
which is 70% of the whole amount of money that they share. Textbook
Example Video
(a) Find the whole amount of money that they share.
(b) What is Brian’s share?

8. There are some fruits. It is given that 45 of the fruits are apples, which is 25% of the fruits.
(a) What is the total number of fruits in the box?
(b) If 35% of the fruits in the box are oranges, how many oranges are there in the box?

Refer to Example 7.5

9. There are 30 students in Class 1A. The number of students in Class 1B is
20% more than that in Class 1A and 10% less than that in Class 1C. Textbook
Example Video
(a) Find the number of students in Class 1B.
(b) Find the number of students in Class 1C.

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10. In the mid-term examination, Justin got 80 marks in Mathematics. The score he got in Chinese
language is 20% more than that in Mathematics and 50% more than that in English language.
Find the score that Justin got in English language.

Refer to Example 7.6

11. Rita’s mother is preparing 2.5 L fruit punch for Rita’s birthday party. It is
known that the fruit punch is a mixture of orange juice, lemonade and soda Textbook
Example Video
water. If the volumes of orange juice and soda water are 60% and 40% of
the volume of lemonade respectively in the fruit punch, find
(a) the volume of lemonade in the fruit punch,
(b) the percentage of orange juice in the fruit punch.

12. Some red rice, brown rice and white rice are mixed to make a bag of healthy rice that weighs 1.2
7 4
kg. It is given that the weights of red rice and brown rice used are 77 % and 44 % that of
9 9
white rice used respectively.
(a) Find the weight of white rice in the bag of healthy rice in g.
(b) Find the percentage of red rice in the bag of healthy rice by weight.

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7.2 Percentage Change - Notes

When the original value of a quantity is changed to a new value, the change in value is

Remarks: Do not make the following mistakes.

The sales of the computer games decrease by –3000.

Concept Check

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When we express the change in value as a percentage of the original value, the result obtained
is called the percentage change.

Remarks: Do not make the following mistakes.

The percentage decrease in the sales of computer game is –20%.

(a) If 5 cm is changed to 8 cm, find the percentage increase.

Percentage change =

∴ The percentage increase is

(b) If 16 L is changed to 12 L, find the percentage decrease.

Percentage change =

∴ The percentage decrease is

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Concept Check

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Example 7.7 & Practice 7.7
There were 15 000 bacteria in a sample one hour ago. If there are 19 800 bacteria in the
sample now, find the percentage change in the number of the bacteria.

1. The numbers of customers in a restaurant were 750 last week and 885 this week. Find
the percentage change in the number of customers.

2. The volume of water in a tank is decreased from 150 L to 76.5 L. Find the percentage
decrease in the volume of water.

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Quick review of the formulae involved in the percentage change of a quantity.

(a) Increase 80 cm by 25%.

New value =

(b) Decrease 150 kg by 30%.

New value =

Concept Check

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Example 7.8 & Practice 7.8
The annual profit of a restaurant was $1 500 000 last year. If the annual profit of the
restaurant drops 85% this year, find the annual profit this year.

1. The weight of a baby was 3.2 kg at birth. The weight of the baby increased by 20% in
two weeks. Find the weight of the baby two weeks after he was born

2. The number of employees of a company in 2020 was 10% less than that in 2019. The
difference in the numbers of employees between this two years was 90. Find the
number of employees of the company in 2020.

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New value = Original value × ( 1 + percentage change)

Original value = New value ÷ ( 1 + percentage change)

Example 7.9 & Practice 7.9

After using an Octopus card to pay for a bill, the percentage change in the balance is –36%
and the remaining balance is $32. Find the original balance of the Octopus card.

1. The fare of a bus route increased by 6% to $15.9. What was its original fare?

2. The daily number of passengers of a bus route was 1530 this month. The percentage
change in the number of passengers was –15% as compared to last month. What was
the daily number of passengers last month?

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Example 7.10 & Practice 7.10
The original pack of 180 g mixed popcorn consists of two flavours, in which 40% by
weight is butter flavour and the remainder is caramel flavour. In the new pack of 180 g
mixed popcorn, the weight of caramel flavoured popcorn is increased by 25%.
(a) Find the weight of butter flavoured popcorn in the new pack.
(b) What will be the percentage change in the weight of butter flavoured popcorn?

In the original pack of 150 building blocks, 60% are green building blocks. The remainder
are yellow building blocks. In the new pack of 150 building blocks, the number of yellow
blocks increases by 15%.
(a) How many yellow building blocks are there in the new pack?
(b) Find the percentage change in the number of green building blocks.

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7.2 Percentage Change - Exercises
Refer to Example 7.7
1. The numbers of visitors to a theme park are 3600 yesterday and 2340
today. Find the percentage change in the number of visitors to the theme Textbook
Example Video
park in these two days.

2. The income of Spencer is increased from $850 yesterday to $1105 today. Find the percentage
increase in his income in these two days.

Refer to Example 7.8

3. The height of a plant is 18 cm last year. The percentage change in its height
is +15% this year. Find the height of the plant this year. Textbook
Example Video

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4. The number of students in a school this year is 25% more than that in last year. It is known that
there are 135 more students this year than last year. Find the number of students in the school this
year.

Refer to Example 7.9

5. The price of a pair of socks is increased by 10% to $30.8. Find the original
price of the pair of socks. Textbook
Example Video

6. The percentage change in the volume of water in a bottle is −20%. There are 624 mL of water in
the bottle now. Find the original volume of water in the bottle.

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Refer to Example 7.10
7. In the original pack of 30 candies, 40% are strawberry candies and the rest
are lemon candies. In the new pack of 30 candies, the number of Textbook
Example Video
strawberry candies is increased by 25%.
(a) How many strawberry candies are there in the new pack?
(b) Find the percentage change in the number of lemon candies.

8. Janice mixes alcohol and water together to make a disinfectant. In her original formula, every 100
mL of disinfectant contains 75% alcohol. Then the formula is adjusted so that the volume of
alcohol in every 100 mL of disinfectant is decreased by 20%.
(a) Find the volume of alcohol in 100 mL of disinfectant in the new formula.
(b) Find the percentage change in the volume of water in the disinfectant.

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7.3 Applications of Percentages in Real-life Problems - Notes

A. Profit and Loss

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Concept Check

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(a) The cost price of a doll is $60. It is sold at a profit of 40%.

Selling price =

(b) The cost price of a doll is $60. It is sold at a loss of 30%.

Selling price =

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Concept Check

Example 7.11 & Practice 7.11

Gary sold a game console for $1000 and made a loss of $600.
(a) For how much did Gary buy the game console?
(b) Find the loss percent.

1. Karen sold a necklace for $240 and made a profit of $40.

(a) Find the cost price of the necklace.
(b) Find the profit percent.
2. Eric sold a bicycle for $810 and make a lost of $270. Find the loss percent.

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Example 7.12 & Practice 7.12
A computer reseller sells monitors A and B for $3910 each. The reseller gains 15% on the
monitor A and loses 15% on the monitor B.
(a) Find the cost price of each of the monitors.
(b) Find the overall profit or loss of the two transactions.

1. Molly sells two skirts for $495 each. She gains 10% on one and loses 10% on the other.
(a) Find the total cost price of the two skirts.
(b) Find the overall profit or loss.

2. Sally sells two neckless for $3060 each. She gains 36% on one and loses 15% on the
other. Find the overall profit or loss.

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Example 7.13 & Practice 7.13
A jeweller sold necklace A for $8000 and made a profit of 60%. The jeweller also bought
necklace B for $6000 and sold it at a profit of 50%. The jeweller claims that he earned
more from selling necklace A. Do you agree? Explain your answer.

Barry sold a handbag for $680 and made a loss of 15%. He bought a pair of sport shoes for
$900 and sold it at a loss of 12%. Was the loss from selling the sports shoes more than that
from selling the handbag? Explain your answer.

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B. Discount

In a sale, the selling price of some products are

set lower in order to attract consumers. The
original prices of these products are called
marked prices.

Since the selling price is always less than the marked price in a sale, the discount and the
discount percentage can be calculated as follows.

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The marked price of an orange is $20. It is sold at a discount of 15%.

Selling price =

Concept Check

Remarks: There are different ways to present a discount percent.

For example, ’20% off’, ‘less 20%’, ‘–20%’ all mean a discount of 20%.

The following diagram illustrate the relation among discount, profit and loss

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Example 7.14 & Practice 7.14
A refrigerator is sold at a discount of 40%. The selling price of the refrigerator is $2220.
(a) Find the marked price of the refrigerator.
(b) Find the discount.

1. Barry bought a smartwatch at a discount of 30% for $1400.

(a) Find the marked price of the smartwatch.
(b) Find the discount.

2. Sharon bought a tablet for $2160 and saved $240. Find the discount percent.

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Example 7.15 & Practice 7.15
The marked price of a notebook computer is $12 000. If it is sold at a discount of 20%, the
profit percent is 20%.
(a) Find the cost price of the notebook computer.
(b) If the notebook computer is sold at a discount of 40%, find the profit or loss percent.

The marked price of a handbag is $12 000. If it is sold at a discount of 20%, the profit
percent is 28%.
(a) Find the cost price of the handbag.
(b) If the handbag is sold at a discount of 40%, find the profit or loss percent.

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7.3 Applications of Percentages in Real-life Problems - Exercises
Refer to Example 7.11
1. Jason sold a smartphone for $6375 and made a loss of $1125.
(a) Find the cost price of the smartphone. Textbook
Example Video
(b) Find the loss percent.

2. Flora sold a scarf for $585 and made a profit of $135. Find the profit percent.

Refer to Example 7.12

3. Gary sells a toy car and a toy ship for $240 each. It is known that he loses
20% on selling the toy car and gains 20% on selling the toy ship. Textbook
Example Video
(a) Find the cost prices of the toy car and the toy ship.
(b) Find the overall profit or loss of the two transaction.

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4. Hazel sells two rings for $480 each. It is known that she gains 50% on one and loses 20% on the
other. Find the overall profit or loss.

Refer to Example 7.13

5. Barry sold a pair of sports shoes for $2300 and made a profit of 15%. Jim
bought a pair of sports shoes for $1600 and sold it at a profit of 25%. Textbook
Example Video
Someone claims that Barry earned more from selling the sports shoes. Do
you agree? Explain your answer.

6. Molly sold a jacket for $220 and made a loss of 45%. She bought a bag for $280 and sold it at a
loss of 60%. Was the loss from selling the jacket more than that from selling the bag? Explain
your answer.

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Refer to Example 7.14
7. Kenneth bought a scooter at a discount of 15% for $442.
(a) Find the marked price of the scooter. Textbook
Example Video
(b) Find the discount.

8. Michelle bought a lipstick for $324 and saved $216. Find the discount percent.

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Refer to Example 7.15
9. The marked price of a laptop computer is $9000. If it is sold at a discount
of 20%, the profit percent is 20%. Textbook
Example Video
(a) Find the cost price of the laptop computer.
(b) If the laptop computer is sold at a discount of 30%, find the profit or loss percent.

10. The marked price of a wardrobe is $7000. If it is sold at a discount of 25%, the profit percent is
5%. The shop owner claims that if the wardrobe is sold at a discount of 40%, the loss percent
would be greater than 15%. Do you agree? Explain your answer.

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Answers to 7.1 Simple Problems on Percentages - Exercises

1. (a) 65% (b) 35% 7. (a) $240 (b) $72

2. 60% 8. (a) 180 (b) 63

3. (a) 125% (b) 25% 9. (a) 36 (b) 40

4. 20% 10. 64

5. (a) 160 (b) 60% 11. (a) 1.25 L (b) 30%

6. (a) 100 (b) 80 (a) 540 g (b) 35%

Answers to 7.2 Percentage Change - Exercises

1. –35% 5. $28

2. +30% 6. 780 mL

3. 20.7 cm 7. (a) 15 (b) 2

−16 %
3

4. 675
8. (a) 60 mL (b) +60%

Answers to 7.3 Applications of Percentages in Real-life Problems - Exercises

1. (a) $7500 (b) 15% 5. Disagreed.

2. 30% 6. Agreed

3. (a) toy car: $300, toy ship: $200 7. (a) $520 (b) $78

(b) overall loss of $20 8. 40%

4. overall profit of $40 9. (a) $6000 (b) profit percent

= 5%

10. Agreed

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