Chapter 1 Introduction To Biology

Chapter 1 Introduction To Biology
1.1 The Study Of Biology
ITeach – Biology Form 4

The Study Of Biology
Introduction To Biology
Biology
Comes from Greek words
Bios Logos
means means
Life Study
• Study of structure and function of living things
• Study of interactions between living things and environment
• Study of biosphere and microscopic of cells and molecules

The Importance Of Biology
• To understand interaction between living things and

environment
• Better understanding on human body functions
• Appreciate and be thankful for diverse variety of living things

Biological Research
Improving quality
of lives The developments
of biotechnology
- Genetic and food Better
engineering Identifying genes technology management of
that cause disease problems related
to the environment

Fields Of Study In Biology
Biochemistry
Biotechnology Botany
Biology
Microbiology Anatomy
Taxonomy Zoology
Ecology

Careers Related To Biology
Careers
Environmental Agriculture
Biotechnology Healthcare
Engineering and Forestry
Biotechnologist Radiographer Estate manager

Environmental
Food Engineers Occupational
Botanist
technologist therapist
Fisheries
Nurses
Officer
Pharmacist
Biomedical
Scientist

1.2 Applying Scientific Investigation

Applying Scientific Investigation
The Scientific Investigation
Scientific Skills
• Science Process Skills • Manipulative Skills
Involve Involve
Critical, analytical, creative

Psychomotor skills
thinking and systematic manner.

The Scientific Method
• Process of collecting facts based on an observable event or

phenomenon
• A scientific method incorporates the following steps:
Identifying a problem
Forming a hypothesis
Planning the experiment
Identifying and controlling variables Steps
Involved In
Conducting the experiment Scientific
Investigation
Collecting data
Analysing data
Interpreting data
Drawing conclusions
Writing a report
Identifying A Problem
Start with an observation
Stating a problem
Making an interference
(possible interpretation)

Forming A Hypothesis
• Proposed explanation for an observable phenomenon but the

validity is not yet proven.
• Allow scientist to make certain prediction regarding to a

phenomenon.

Planning An Investigation
• Gather relevant information about your experiment
• Find out apparatus and materials to be used
• Set up procedures to be followed

Identifying and Controlling Variables
❖ Manipulated Variable
• Independent variable
• Variables that we change to study the effect
3 Types Of • Usually plotted on the x-axis of a graph
Variables
❖ Responding Variable
• Dependent variable
• An outcome of the experiment
• Usually plotted on the y-axis graph
❖ Fixed Variable
• Factors that remain the same throughout experiment

Conducting The Experiment
• Experiment is done according to procedures planned.
• Repeat experiment a few times to get precise and reliable average

reading.
• Apparatus / materials and specimen are

handled correctly
• Variables are well-controlled

Steps To Be
Observed During
Experiment • A control experiment is also set-up
• Apparatus must be cleaned using correct

method after experiment is done

Collecting Data Or Experimental Results
• Data : Results of an experiment, obtained by observation and

experiment
• The data collected should be accurate, logical and objective

Recording Data
• Data is collected and recorded

accurately.
• Data can be presented in form of table, Table

graph and simple diagram.
The rate of enzyme activity
• If you use graph, at least five readings

need to be collected.
Temperature
(ºC)
Graph

Analysing And Interpreting Data
• Relationship between
• Think critically to explain
manipulated and
relationship between
responding variable is
information gathered.
analysed.

Making
Conclusion
• Hypothesis is
• To determine
accepted if
whether results
results support
support
hypothesis.
hypothesis.

Writing A Report Objektif : ______________

______________
Penyataan
1. Objective Masalah : ______________
2. Problem statement Pemboleh : ______________

ubah ______________
3. Hypothesis
Bahan ________________
4. Variables dan radas : ______________
Teknik:
5. Materials and apparatus 1. _______________
2.
6. Technique Kaedah : _____________
1.
7. Procedure 2. ______________
_______________
Keputusan :
8. Results
9. Discussion Perbincangan : _____________

Kesimpulan : _____________
10. Conclusion
Scientific Attitudes And Noble

Values
Have interest in nature and environment
Being objective, systematic and rational
Being honest and accurate
Having critical and analytical thinking skills
Being responsible and accountable

The End
i - Teach

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Chapter 1 Introduction To Biology

1.1 The Study Of Biology

ITeach – Biology Form 4

• Study of structure and function of living things

• Study of interactions between living things and environment

• Study of biosphere and microscopic of cells and molecules

ITeach – Biology Form 4

The Importance Of Biology

• To understand interaction between living things and

• Better understanding on human body functions

• Appreciate and be thankful for diverse variety of living things

ITeach – Biology Form 4

ITeach – Biology Form 4

Fields Of Study In Biology

ITeach – Biology Form 4

Careers Related To Biology

Biotechnologist Radiographer Estate manager

ITeach – Biology Form 4

1.2 Applying Scientific Investigation

ITeach – Biology Form 4

The Scientific Investigation

• Science Process Skills • Manipulative Skills

Critical, analytical, creative

ITeach – Biology Form 4

The Scientific Method

• Process of collecting facts based on an observable event or

• A scientific method incorporates the following steps:

The Scientific Method

Start with an observation

ITeach – Biology Form 4

The Scientific Method

• Proposed explanation for an observable phenomenon but the

• Allow scientist to make certain prediction regarding to a

ITeach – Biology Form 4

The Scientific Method

• Gather relevant information about your experiment

• Find out apparatus and materials to be used

• Set up procedures to be followed

ITeach – Biology Form 4

The Scientific Method

Identifying and Controlling Variables

• Factors that remain the same throughout experiment

ITeach – Biology Form 4

The Scientific Method

Conducting The Experiment

• Experiment is done according to procedures planned.

• Repeat experiment a few times to get precise and reliable average

• Apparatus / materials and specimen are

• Variables are well-controlled

• Apparatus must be cleaned using correct

ITeach – Biology Form 4

The Scientific Method

Collecting Data Or Experimental Results

• Data : Results of an experiment, obtained by observation and

• The data collected should be accurate, logical and objective

ITeach – Biology Form 4

The Scientific Method

• Data is collected and recorded

• Data can be presented in form of table, Table

• If you use graph, at least five readings

ITeach – Biology Form 4

The Scientific Method

Analysing And Interpreting Data

ITeach – Biology Form 4