Investigatory Project: Colegio de San Bartolome de Novaliches

Colegio de San Bartolome de Novaliches
Quirino Highway cor. P. Dela Cruz St. San Bartolome Novaliches, Quezon City
Tel.No. 419-82-09 email: csbn95@yahoo.com
INVESTIGATORY PROJECT
THEORIES ABOUT DEPRESSION
___________________________________________________
A REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
PART II
Researched By : Luis Dominic Bobadilla
Presented To : Yhasmen B. Nogales
Date : January 08, 2021
School Year : 2020 - 2021
INVESTIGATORY PROJECT - SCIENCE 10 - 2ND QUARTER - Luis Dominic

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. Introduction of the Related Literature……………………. 3
II. Expert’s Theory Based on Examinations………………… 4
III. Beck’s Theory…………………………………………… 5
IV. Hopelessness Theory…………………………………… 5
V. Response Style Theory………………………………….. 6
VI. References/Other References………………………… 7 - 8

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INTRODUCTION OF
THE RELATED LITERATURE
_____________________________________________________________________
Depression refers to a disorder that affects the human brain, causing a different mood
and behaviour to each individuals like a loss of interest, negative thoughts, having a
feeling of guilt and emptiness to oneself.
This study aims to provide information about the Professionals hypothesis, or guesses
on why Depression affects many students around the world.
In this study, Theories about Depression are included and will be tackled. This
theories were speculated and hypothesized by professionals and experts about their
conclusion on how Depression affect each individuals around the world, mostly the
students who were suffering the most that looses their own academic performances
and themselves. This also discusses the different types of theories, which includes the
people who made it.
The main objectives of these study is;
 To know what are the theories of Experts & Professionals on how Depression
affects each person.
 To know how this experts have come up into a guess or hypothesizes about
Depression
 To know how they define or explained their own Theories.

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Expert’s Theory Based on Examinations
This theory consist of three; Beck’s theory, Hopelessness theory, and the Response
Styles theory. This theories are referred as what the experts called “The Three
Central Cognitive Theories of Depression”. This study discusses about cognitive
vulnerabilities and its other associates.
This study examines the possible ages in children and adolescents. The ages that were
examined are at 8 to 12 (Children) and 13 - 19 (Adolescents). Between these ages, the
results suggest that stress relations, vulnerability and prospective elevations in the age
of 8 to 12 are at moderate levels, and at the ages of 13 - 19 are moderately large
compare to children.
With the use of the Theories, they have come into a conclusion that each “
longitudinal studies” that they’ve conducted are not that easy to find because of
obscured details when it comes to this studies. Based on their findings, inconsistencies
and vulnerabilities are seen because of poor measurements, in addition, they also have
a limited evidences, in which leads to more gaps that are needed to be fulfilled. Still,
researchers and experts are making an observations about these to proof the theories
were right.

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Beck’s Theory
Beck’s Theory. This theory was made by Aaron Beck back in late 1960’s and early
1970’s. He has a standpoint of cognition and phenomenology. This theory has many
features in discussing depression. Beck’s understanding of Depression was unique
and elegant. He made some researches and studies that led him to create a way to treat
people and to further learn about Depression, like cognitive therapies, the start of
onset-depression on each individuals, its lapses and occurrences, and its prevalent
measures. This study was just based on empirical observations, and he also learned
that vulnerability is a very important thing to study when it comes to Depression.
Hopelessness’ Theory
This theory is based on people who has a lack of hope, in which the word describes it
already, hopelessness. This theory is based on a diathesis-stress interaction wherein
people experiencing a mindset of “There is no hope” is crucial. Symptoms of these
does not include the anxiety symptoms, but utterly the effects of Depression itself.
This theory predicted most of the symptoms that are caused by Depression, but
sadness, or loss of energy or interest was not included. Based on other studies, this
theory also refers to negative lifestyles that has been done by the person.
In other hand, another theory was also created that is relatively connected to each
other. This theory is called “Hopelessness Theory of Suicidality”. In this theory, it
includes that the greater possibility of most people that is losing hope can lead to
suicide.

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Response Style Theory
This theory refers to an examination of observing a patient that whose in distress, or

getting distracted from the symptoms of Depression.
In this method, the patients where being observer whether they respond in having the
symptoms of Hopelessness, anxiety symptoms, and also depressive symptoms. They
all undergo into this process to observe on how they will ruminate or to fight this
symptoms. This theorizes that with the help of learning, or knowing the specific
reasons of having this symptoms, they can lead to a better conclusions to treat them
well.
In the article of Taylor Francis Online (2010), this theory also use diathesis- stress
methods that can predict whether the patient was showing a depressive symptoms, or
anxiety symptoms by the help of rumination. The patients were given an examination
or a test to further understand their situation. This observations were all proven and
tested accurately. In conclusion, this theory helps psychological researchers and
therapists to improve their knowledge on how to determine the person’s situation, of
he/she can have a ruminative responses in the test, and showcasing the signs of their
symptoms.

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References :
Expert’s Theory Based on Examinations
 https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10567-006-0013-1
Beck’s Theory
 https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2005-03336-002
Hopelessness Theory/Hopelessness Theory of Suicidality
 https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1018753028007
Response Style Theory
 https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02699930441000463?
journalCode=pcem20#:~:text=The%20response%20styles%20theory
%20proposes,and%20duration%20of%20their%20symptoms.&text=Nolen
%2DHoeksema%20(1991)%20proposes,and%20duration%20of
%20depressive%20symptoms.

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Other References :
 https://www.hindawi.com/journals/bn/2015/190405/
 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4689589/#:~:text=Life
%20Events%20and%20the%20Hopelessness,they%20possess%20negative
%20inferential%20styles.
 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9131842/
Time Passed : 1 : 11 AM

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Colegio de San Bartolome de Novaliches

THEORIES ABOUT DEPRESSION

A REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Researched By : Luis Dominic Bobadilla

Presented To : Yhasmen B. Nogales

Date : January 08, 2021

School Year : 2020 - 2021

INVESTIGATORY PROJECT - SCIENCE 10 - 2ND QUARTER - Luis Dominic

I. Introduction of the Related Literature……………………. 3

II. Expert’s Theory Based on Examinations………………… 4

III. Beck’s Theory…………………………………………… 5

IV. Hopelessness Theory…………………………………… 5

V. Response Style Theory………………………………….. 6

VI. References/Other References………………………… 7 - 8

INVESTIGATORY PROJECT - SCIENCE 10 - 2ND QUARTER - Luis Dominic

The main objectives of these study is;

 To know how they define or explained their own Theories.

INVESTIGATORY PROJECT - SCIENCE 10 - 2ND QUARTER - Luis Dominic

Expert’s Theory Based on Examinations

INVESTIGATORY PROJECT - SCIENCE 10 - 2ND QUARTER - Luis Dominic

INVESTIGATORY PROJECT - SCIENCE 10 - 2ND QUARTER - Luis Dominic

Response Style Theory

This theory refers to an examination of observing a patient that whose in distress, or

INVESTIGATORY PROJECT - SCIENCE 10 - 2ND QUARTER - Luis Dominic

Expert’s Theory Based on Examinations

Hopelessness Theory/Hopelessness Theory of Suicidality

Response Style Theory

INVESTIGATORY PROJECT - SCIENCE 10 - 2ND QUARTER - Luis Dominic

INVESTIGATORY PROJECT - SCIENCE 10 - 2ND QUARTER - Luis Dominic

INVESTIGATORY PROJECT - SCIENCE 10 - 2ND QUARTER - Luis Dominic

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