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QUARTER 4: MODULE 1

Learner’s Profile

Name: ______________________________________

Subject: RESEARCH 1

Address: ____________________________________

_____________________________________________

Contact Number: ___________________________

Email Address: _______________________________

Subject Teacher: Mrs. Analou M. Mirano

1 | SCIENTIFIC METHOD Grade 9-SSC

2 | SCIENTIFIC METHOD Grade 9-SSC
Republic of the Philippines

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Region IV-A CALABARZON
PROVINCE OF BATANGAS
St. Blaise Community Academy, Inc.
San Luis, Batangas/ chs_sbca53@yahoo.com
 043 – 740-960609997646638 / 09218539116

Name of Student: ________________________________________________ Grade and Section: ________________

Present Address: _________________________________________________ Contact no.________________________
Subject Matter: RESEARCH 1
Topic: SCIENTIFIC METHOD (MODULE 1 QUARTER 4)

The scientific method is the process by which scientists, collectively and over time,
endeavor to construct an accurate (that is, reliable, consistent and non-arbitrary)
representation of the world. Recognizing that personal and cultural beliefs influence both
our perceptions and our interpretations of natural phenomena, we aim through the use of standard procedures and criteria to minimize those
influences when developing a theory. As a famous scientist once said, "Smart people (like smart lawyers) can come up with very good explanations
for mistaken points of view." In summary, the scientific method attempts to minimize the influence of bias or prejudice in the experimenter when
testing an hypothesis or a theory.
After going through this lesson, you should be able to:
1. explain the steps of scientific methods
c
GENERAL DIRECTIONS: USE THE ANSWER SHEET AT
THE BACK FOR ALL OF YOUR ANSWERS

• Identify a scientific tool using the scientific method.

Aisha was working in her science lab. She saw a mirror like object in the lab. Things looked big when she
was trying to look through it. But she doesn't know its name or its use yet. Help her identify the name of the tool and its use using the Scientific
method.

It could be a magnifying glass, if it can make things look bigger

She could see small objects were magnified
She saw a mirror like object.
The object is a magnifying glass.
What is this object?
She did some research and tried to magnify small things.
1. What is Aisha's OBSERVATION?
2. What is the QUESTION she could have asked to solve her problem?
3. What is a HYPOTHESIS she could make?
4. What is an EXPERIMENT she could do?
5. What might be her RESULTS?
6. Suggest a CONCLUSION for her experiment and results.
WHAT IS THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD?
What do you think about when you hear the words, “the scientific method?” Do you picture a bunch of
dusty old men in lab coats, fiddling with beakers?
Those scientists might be using the scientific method, but so are lots of other scientists doing all kinds of interesting, lively things. In fact,
you yourself even use parts of the scientific method every day to make decisions.
3 | SCIENTIFIC METHOD Grade 9-SSC
 At its heart, the scientific method is just a process that scientists use to verify new facts. It’s sort of like a checklist, and by going through it
one step at a time, you can be sure that you’re coming up with the right facts. No one wants to discover the cure for cancer only to find that they
skipped a step and the “cure” actually doesn’t do anything.
Although the scientific method is one of the most important things that humans have ever invented (it’s how we know anything with certainty!), it’s
not entirely formalized. As a result, the steps you see in the process might vary from place to place.
As we dive in, you can follow along, too! At each step we’ll give an example, but you can also think of something that you would do if you
were studying a scientific problem.

Here we go:

Steps in the Scientific Method

1 – Make an Observation
You can’t study what you don’t know is there. This is why scientists are so curious—they’re always looking for patterns, trends, questions, and
problems that we don’t understand. Once a scientist finds a really interesting pattern that they want to know more about, they move onto the next
step.
For example, let’s say that you notice a lot of people are drinking alkaline water because they think it’s healthier for them, but you’re not sure if it
actually is or not.

Your turn: What’s something that you find very interesting that you wish you knew more about?

2 – Ask a Question
Once a scientist finds an interesting thing to study, they need to ask a question that hopefully they can answer.

A question that you could ask about alkaline water might be, “Does alkaline water actually make people healthier?”
Your turn: What is a question you’d like the answer to regarding the interesting thing from step one?

3 – Do Background Research
To find out the answer to your question, you need to know what potential answers are. That’s where background research comes in, remembering
that not everything you read online is true. Use reliable sources, like Google Scholar…and untamedscience.com!

In our alkaline water example, you could search online for articles or published scientific papers showing how people change when they drink
alkaline water. You could look at overall health, or specific thinks like lung function, blood pH, etc…

Your turn: Spend a minute or two searching online for some possible answers to your question from step two.

4 – Form a Hypothesis
A hypothesis is a statement of what you think the answer to your question is. It’s different from the question you formed because it’s answering the
question you developed with a specific prediction that you’ll go on to test. A good hypothesis should be falsifiable, meaning that it’s possible to
prove it wrong.

Let’s say that your background research showed there wasn’t much of an effect on overall health. A hypothesis for this might be: “Drinking alkaline
water has no effect on how well people feel.”

Your turn: What is a potential hypothesis that you might have for your question?

5 – Conduct an Experiment
How do you find an answer to your hypothesis? You conduct an experiment to test it! Depending on what a scientist is studying, an experiment can
be very quick or take years—some experiments have even been going on for hundreds of years!

Designing a good experiment is a whole industry that some scientists spend their whole careers working on. But any good science experiment must
always serve its one main function: to prove or disprove a hypothesis.

To develop an experiment for the alkaline water example, you’d need a creative way to get people to drink normal and alkaline water, and ask them
to rank how well they feel after drinking each.

Your turn: What is a good experiment that you could set up to test your hypothesis?
6. Experimenting
Test the hypothesis in trials more than once.
7. Gathering data from experiment
Record data during the experiment, take notes.
8. Organizing Experimental Data
9. Analyzing and Interpreting Data
Use graphs and analyze your data
10 – Analyze Results and Draw a Conclusion
This is what we’ve all been waiting for—what is the answer to the question? In this step, scientists take a step back, look at the data, and
decide whether to accept or reject the hypothesis. Sometimes the conclusion is pretty straightforward, but scientists always do statistical tests just to
make sure they’re reading the results correctly.

Now that you’ve collected your data from the alkaline water experiment, let’s say that there is no real difference in how well people feel
based on what type of water they drink. In this case, you’d accept (or, fail to reject) your original hypothesis. Alkaline water would just be a scam
that didn’t really affect how well people feel.

Your turn: What would make you think that your hypothesis is correct or incorrect?

11 – Report Your Results

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 You’ve just tested an important piece of information. It’s something that nobody else in the world knows. What good is that knowledge if
you keep it to yourself? The final step of the scientific process is to report your results. Scientists generally report their results in scientific journals,
where each report has been checked over and verified by other scientists in a process called peer review.

If your alkaline water study were real, then you’d need to find a relevant journal and submit your article to them for publication.

How do scientists use the scientific method in real life?

Although the process above sounds pretty rigid, it’s actually quite fluid and adaptable. Some scientists never really conduct true
“experiments” and focus on other things instead. Taxonomists, for example, focus on how to best classify organisms. They don’t go through the
whole process of hypothesis testing and data analysis for what is very important for writing research papers and term papers often assigned to college
and university students. Only professional academic writers who work for research paper writing services use scientific method in writing.

Without the scientific method, people might make up random explanations to problems with no real data to back it up. Thanks to the
scientific method, the sum of human knowledge has grown tremendously and hopefully will continue to improve our lives.

GENERAL DIRECTIONS: USE THE ANSWER SHEET AT THE

BACK FOR ALL OF YOUR ANSWERS
STEPS IN SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION
Complete the sentences by supplying what is being asked in each number. Choose your answer n the box provided.
interpreting data communicating
observing predicting
making a hypothesis constant
making inferences classifying
measuring experimenting
1) When I use my 5 senses to learn about an object or event, I am ___________________
2) When I group or organize any objects, I am using the skills of ________________________
3) When I use my observations and to tell what will happen in the future, I am ___________________
4) It is a basic science process skill to make an educated guess based previously gathered information. It is called as
___________________
5) It is a process skill where you design an investigation, including a procedure, to test the hypothesis: _________________________
6)__________________ is a process skill that is used to tell or find out how much, how long, how wide on how tall something is.
7) What science process skill that is used to share what you know, by writing, talking and drawing: ________________
8) If I add water to Plant A, then it will grow taller. This statement refers to ___________________
9) The variable to be kept the same throughout an experiment is known as ___________________
10) Organizing the data collected and drawing conclusion from it a skill of ___________________

USING THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD IN AGRICULTURE

Read each of the following scenarios, and then provide the information that is asked for.
Scenario 1
You are managing a large feed lot. A pharmaceutical company wants you to try a new antibiotic to treat shipping fever in newly arrived
cattle. The company claims that it is more effective at a lower cost than your current antibiotic.
1. Problem:
2. Hypothesis:
3. Experiment:
4. Conclusion:

Scenario 2
You are concerned about the rate of death in catfish your aquaculture operation in tanks that have a high amount of algae growth. You
collect some of the algae and send it to the university to have it identified. You find that it is a blue-green alga called Anabaena. Anabaena is known
to be toxic to fish. You design an experiment to test how much of the algae the fish can stand before they die. You obtain 6 large aquariums (all the
same size) and fill them with water taken from a healthy catfish pond at your operation. You put each aquarium on the same bench in the laboratory,
where the light and temperature values are identical. You let the water stand for one day before starting the experiment. In aquarium 1, you add 2
grams of algae and no fish. In aquarium 2, you add 20 small catfish and no algae. Aquarium 3 gets 20 catfish and 2 grams of algae, #4 gets 20
catfish and 4 grams of algae, #5 gets 20 catfish and 8 grams of algae, and aquarium #6 gets 20 catfish and 16 grams of algae. The aeration rate of
each aquarium is identical. You make two observations at the same time each day for two weeks. You keep track of the numbers of fish in each tank
that die.

1. What is the problem?

2. What is your hypothesis?
3. What is the independent variable?
4. What is the dependent variables
5. How many trials are there for each treatment?
6. What things are held constant?

Scenario 3
You are raising hogs for market, and your veterinarian recommends that you switch the type of feed given to the mature hogs. The vet is
concerned that the present feed is too high in protein. While a high protein diet is recommended for young, growing hogs, food too high in protein
can cause kidney problems in the adult animals. You switch feed and notice that the weights of your mature animals drop. You want healthy
animals with maximum weight, but you do not know how to solve the problem. You design an experiment that would help you solve this problem.
You think that the higher protein ration is the best way to maintain your weight gain. You have 40 hogs and you divide them into two groups. To
one group, you feed the high protein feed, to the other, you feed the lower protein ration. All 40 hogs were farrowed within 10 days of each other.
They are all about the same weight when you begin this experiment. Each group of 20 hogs is in the same size pen in the same barn. You weigh all
hogs before the experiment, place them on feed for 3 weeks and weigh the hogs again.

1. Problem:
2. Hypothesis:
3. Independent Variable:
4. Dependent Variable:

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5. Trials:
6. Constants:

Scenario 4
You have planted corn in a field with clay soil. The field is predominantly flat with a slight slope at one end where a creek borders the
field. You notice that germination and growth is slowest in the flattest portion of the field. Conversely, you also notice that you received good
germination and rapid growth on the slight hill which meets the creek. You wonder why there should be differences in growth and germination in
different parts of the field. Is it due to the extra water near the creek? Is there something different about the soil in that portion of the field, or is it
due to the difference in slope (north, south, east, and west).

1. What is your hypothesis for this problem?

2. Design an experiment to test the hypothesis you have written (make sure you include a procedure [step by step list of what you will do], an IV, a
DV, treatments, trials, and constants).
3. Is the scientific method just for “Scientists?” Why is it important that a non-science student understand the scientific method?
4. How do you think that this method can be used in everyday life?
5. What is the difference between an independent variable and a dependent variable? How are these different from constants?

The Scientific Method

Directions Use the words in the world bank to fall in the blanks.
Science Investigation question hypothesis research
conclusion
results scientists
Mr. Smith challenged his fourth graders to work in groups to make a tower out of cards. At first, they did not understand what this
challenge had to do with _____________________________
In the first group, Joseph started by leaning 2 cards against one another. Julie wanted to use 4 cards to start with a square, "Wow" exclaimed Mr.
Smith, "You both have a different ____________________ how to build a tower. What can you do to work together? The second group asked the
_________________________
“How many cards will each of us need?” They began their _____________________
with two cards each. The third group asked Mr. Smith they could look it up on the internet, When Mr. Smith looked at them funny, they replied "You
said that ____________________
often do __________________________ about their topic before they begin. Mr. Smith laughed but couldn't argue with their request. After ten
minutes, Mr. Smith said it was time to share their _________________________
Some groups were able to make a tower and some groups were not, "What _________________________________
can we draw from this investigation?" Mr. Smith asked the class. Joseph raised his hand and said, "When scientists conduct the scientific method,
they have to work as a team or their whole experiment will collapse just like our card tower!

Which category in 21st Century skills do you think the core of our topic falls in?
(Communication, collaboration, creativity, critical thinking, productivity, leadership and
technology literacy). Explain why.

Prepared by:

MA’AM ANALOU M. MIRANO

ENGLISH JHS TEACHER

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 ANSWER SHEET
**THIS PORTION OF THE MODULE SHOULD BE SUBMI TTED BACK TO MA’AM ANALOU FOR CHECKING**

Name of Student: ________________________________________________

Present Address: _________________________________________________ Contact no.____________________
Subject Matter: ENGLISH 8
Topic: SCIENTIFIC METHOD (Module 1 – Quarter 4)

WEEK 1
WHAT I KNOW

WHAT’S NEW

WHAT’S MORE

7 | SCIENTIFIC METHOD Grade 9-SSC

 ANSWER SHEET
**THIS PORTION OF THE MODULE SHOULD BE SUBMI TTED BACK TO MA’AM ANALOU FOR CHECKING**

Name of Student: ________________________________________________

Present Address: _________________________________________________ Contact no.____________________
Subject Matter: ENGLISH 8
Topic: SCIENTIFIC METHOD (Module 1 – Quarter 4)

WEEK 2

WHAT I CAN DO (YOU CAN USE OTHER SHEET FOR YOUR ANSWER

ASSESSMENT

WHAT I CAN SHOW (ESSAY)

8 | SCIENTIFIC METHOD Grade 9-SSC