PREPARED BY:

B.G GARWAGEO, MSCE

ASSISTANT PRFESSOR-UNIVERSITY OF THE CORDILLERAS
Foundation is the element of a structure which transfer the forces from the
superstructure into the ground. Foundations are categorized as shallow or deep.

Foundation engineering is the application of soil mechanics and geotechnical

engineering in the design of foundation elements of the structures.
Foundation Engineer must posses multi-disciplinary knowledge in the following areas:

•Structural Capacity of the sub-structure such as spread footing, combined

footing, mat, pile, etc. as it interacts with the complex behavior of the soil.

•Geotechnical Capacity of the soil as the substructure transmit the load into
it thus, a Foundation Engineer must fully understand the soil engineering
properties.

•Construction of foundation should be fully understood by the Foundation

Engineer as to the methodology, workability, and economy of the foundation.

Foundation must be able to perform well when subjected to service loads throughout the
lifespan of the structure.
Settlement is the downward movement Heave is the upward movement
of the foundation due to consolidation because of swelling due to expansive
and must be within the acceptable limit. soil or unequal overburden pressure
Tilting is often the concern of Lateral Movement occurs in any structures
tall or slender buildings such subjected to lateral forces caused by wind,
as chimneys, silos, and water tanks earthquakes, or soil
Vibration occurs in foundation Durability of the foundation must be
supporting large machinery and considered since the soil might be a
must avoid resonance very hostile environment

‣ Reduce the water-cement ratio

‣ Increase the amount of cement
‣ Use sulfate-resisting cement
‣ Coat concrete with asphalt emulsion