Chapter I - Introduction

Background

The regional geological excursion of karangsambung and Kebumen, Central Java was conducted to
increase the knowledge and ability of students to analyze geological conditions directly in the field,
especially in the southern Central Java Basin. Karangsambung area is very interesting to learn because it
is one of the very complete natural laboratories. This area is located in the north, there is a late
Cretaseous - Paleocene with diverse rock types. In the area of Kebumen in the south, there is a
limestone landscape, and volcanic rocks in the form of Pillows Lava and Columnar Joint.

Goal

The purpose of the course of geological excursion is to observe directly the geological conditions in the
field regionally especially in the basin area located in the southern Central Java, which will be processed
in the form of maps and cross section of incision map To find out the geological order, litology
distribution, and the Order of the age of the rocks in the area.

Location

The first day excursion location is in karangdial area, Kebumen, Central Java. It is administratively
located on:

a. Stopsite 1 : Iger Sambeng, Kecamatan Sadang, Kabupaten Kebumen, Jawa Tengah (Rijang Merah).

b. stopsite 2 : Sadang Wetan, Kabupaten Kebumen, Jawa Tengah (Sekis Mika)

c. Stopsite 3 : Kali Cangkring, Kecamatan Sadang, Kabupaten Kebumen,

Jawa Tengah (Lempung 3 Warna)

d. Stopsite 4 : Kali Muncar Suboro, Kecamatan Sadang, Kabupaten

Kebumen, Jawa Tengah (Lava Bantal)

e. Stopsite 5 : Kali Muncar Suboro, Kecamatan Sadang, Kabupaten Kebumen, Jawa Tengah (Lempung
Hitam Bersisik).

f. Stopsite 6 : Ketapang, Kabupaten Kebumen Jawa Tengah (Marmer).

The second day excursion location is in Kebumen area, Central Java. It is administratively located on:

a. Stopsite 1 : Desa Rogodadi, Kecamatan Buayan, Kabupaten Kabumen, Jawa Tengah

(Sadang Pelus Batugamping – Intrusi – Breksi Diatrema)
 b. Stopsite 2 : Pantai Menganti, Kecamatan , Kabupaten Kebumen, Jawa Tengah

Chapter II – Regional Geology

a. Regonal Physiography

Karangsambung is located in Kebumen, Central Java, Indonesia. The boundary of the region to
the north of the area is the area of Banjarnegara, in the east bordering the territory of
Wadaslintang, in the South borders the region of Kebumen and to the West borders the area of
Gombong. Geographically, the Karangconnect area has coordinates 7 ⁰ 34 ' 00 "-7 ⁰ 36 ' 30" LS
and 109 ⁰ 37 ' 00 "-109 ⁰ 44 ' 00" BT. Physiographically, Karangsambung area belongs to the
South Serayu Mountain zone.

Karangsambung area has morphological formations known as amphitheatre, is a giant anticline

that has an axis that shows (inclined anticline) to the northeast that has undergone erosion. This
distinctive morphology extends to the West starting from the Klepoh area to the Prohibition
times. The wings of the giant Antiklin form the morphology of the hills in the northern part (G.
Paras) and the south (G. Brujul and Bukit Selaranda). The Anticline axis undergoes a erosion
process that forms the morphology of the valley in Karangsambung area with isolated hills in the
form of frozen rock (intrusion) and limestone (Jatiwrap) and conglomerate (Pesanggrahan). In
the mapping area, in the northwest of the Karangsambung valley, there are complex hills
(Pagerbako and Igir Kenong) which are composed of a lithology of giant fragments of
metamorphic rock (filite) and deep-sea sedimentary stone (interlude Red chert and limestone) are
embedded in the base mass of the clay. The morphological differences in this area are caused by
differences in the geological characteristics reflected by the lithology that makes up the area
which has varying hardness and resistance to erosion that eventually form a morphological
Characteristic of this area, as well as the influence of the geological structure that in the form of
anticline and fault that develops in Karangsambung area.

The Karangsambung area is bypassed by a large river called the Luk Ulo River and the small
rivers that fall in Luk Ulo. The Luk Ulo River flows from the north to the south of the mapping
area (splitting the hills of Waturanda and Mount Brujul) and is a river that has entered the stage
of the old river characterized by the form of Luk Ulo the meander. The Luk Ulo River and the
small rivers flowing in Karangsambung area also have an important role in the formation of
morphology in this area relating to erosion and sedimentation processes.

b. Geomorphology of Karangsambung

Morphology of Karangsambung area is a structural hills, called as a melange complex. The

regional level, among others, is Mount Waturanda, Bukit Sipako, Mount Paras, Mount Brujul,
and the Hill of Jatibungkus. The presentation of melange in the field Karangsambung is in the
form of blocks with a scale size from tens to hundreds of meters, but also there is a melange that
is forming a mountain range.

The morphology of the hills can be divided into two designated parts based on its shape (its
appearance), the elongated hills and the prismatic hills. Elongated hills are generally composed
by tertiary sedimentary rocks and quartular volcanic rocks, while prismatic hilly morphology is
generally composed by rocks derived from tectonic melange and other igneous rocks
(intrusions). The second difference in the morphology will be seen clearly, when we observe it at
the top of Jatisamit Hill. Jatisamit Hill is located to the west of Karangsambung (LIPI campus).
The body of this hill is a block of sedimentary rock consisting of red claystone, chert, and red
limestone that are entirely embedded in the base period of the scaly clay. At the top of this hill,
we can see the panorama area freely so that there are special terms that are often used by
geologists on the morphological observation in this area is called "Amphitheatere".

c. Stratigraphy of Karangsambung

Stratigraphy is a science that learns about the layers of the unit and its relationship with other
rock layers, aiming to gain knowledge of the history of the Earth. Broadly, Stratigrafi area
Karangsambung sorted by age from old to young, namely:

a) The Melange Luk Ulo complex or the pre-tertiary Melange formation.

b) Karangsambung formation consisting of black clay.

c) The formation of Totogan with the main rocks of the Scaly Clay's.

d) Waturanda formation, consisting of sandstone and breccia rocks.

e) The Penosongan formation, consisting of the interlude of the clay and carbonate sand.
The following are explanations of these formations:

A) Melange Luk Ulo Complex or Melange formation

Luk Ulo is the oldest formation of a very complex, Pre-tertiary age. The stem includes
a graywacke, black loam, lava pillow associated with chert and red limestone, clastic turbidit,
and an ofiolite that is inserted between the metamorphosis of the Schist. The rocks are the result
of the tectonic mixing of the subduction line which also involves the rocks of the oceanic crust
and the continental crust. The complex is divided into two units based on fragment domination in
its essence, the Jatisamit unit to the west and the Seboro unit in the north. Jatisamit is the older
rock. This unit consists of a foreign block in the base of the black clay. The hunk that exists is
base Igneous rocks, Graywacke sandstones, Serpentinit, Chert, red Limestone and schist mica.
The Rocks form high morphologies such as Mount Sipako and Mount Bako.

b) Karangsambung formation

The litological characteristics of the Karangsambung formation is composed of a gray

claystone containing a concression of iron, limestone numulites, conglomerates, and a polemic
quartz sandstone that is laminated. The Graywacke sandstones until the black clay shows the
structures that are flaky with slices in all directions and almost evenly on the surface. The
structure is estimated as the result of the deposition mechanism that occurs under the surface of
the water with a large volume, this estimation is supported by the deteriorating symptoms seen in
the inset of batteries. Age formation of karangsambung is from Eocene Tengah (45 million
years) until late Eocene (36 million years) judging by the existence of plankton foraminifera.

c) Totogan formation

Totogan formation has the same characteristics as the karangsambung formation. It is

characterized by a litology of claystone with brown color, and sometimes purple with a scaly
(flake) structure. The age of Totogan Formation is Oligosen (36-25 million years), which is
based on the presence of Globoquadrina Praedehiscens and Globigeriona binaensis.

d) Waturanda formation

The age of this Waturanda formation can only be determined directly based on the
position of the lower Stratigraphy estimated as the age of Meocene (25,2-5.2 million years)
consisting of volcanic breccia and Wacke sandstones with a stone insert in the upper part. The
basic period of gray sandstones with medium grains to coarse, consisting of frozen and obsidian
rocks.

e) Penosogan Formation

The Penosogan formation is deposited above the Waturanda formation with a litology
of changes in the form of the Breccia to the upper of the water to be a slid of Tuf and the
claystone, the boundary characteristic of the Penosogan Formation which is located aligned in It.
In general, formation consists of thin to medium coating, claystone, Kalkanerit, Napal-Tuff and
Tuf. The bottom is generally characterized by the coating of the sandstones and the claystone,
towards the higher carbon levels. The upper part consists of the coating of the sandstones, Napal
and Kalkanerit. The top is didomonated by the claystone-tuff and TUF.

d. Identify regional rocks karangsambung

1) The regional litology of Karangsambung

The litology in Karangsambung area can be explained in the following table.

Table 1. Lithology Area Karangsambung

Igneous Rocks, sedimentary rocks, and metamorphic rocks in karangsambung with variations in
the age of rocks ranging from tens to hundreds of millions of years, is the origin of rocks
originating from continents and oceans, from seabed to shallow sea-fossils, scattered in The
expanse is not too wide, and can be found in the field of karangsambung as a study object in
research activities. The environment of the formation of the variety and type of rocks in the
region karangsambung, is the inner sea trough, the inland face basin and the line of outreach. In
the deep sea troughs, the radiolaria-transported fossilized sedimentary rocks have been filled
with the filling of chert (chert) sedimentary rocks. In the condition of the inland face basin, there
is a sedimentary rock containing fossil biota in the form of limestone sediment (Limestone)
shallow sea conditions. In the deep sea trough, it is a basalt frozen rock and a metamorphous
rock from the Periodotite rock, in the form of Serpentinit.

Chapter III – Field Observation

A. Location of Observation
1. Day 1 – Stopsite 1
Location : STA1.1 (Iger Sambeng, Kecamatan Sadang, Kabupaten Kebumen, Jawa
Tengah)
Date : Thursday, 20 February 2020
Weather : Sunny
Time : 09.10 WIB
(FOTO)

The outset was about 150 m off the road. The outstation extends from the east-west
direction to the dimensions of the Singwhen (12x8m). The outcolors are red (fresh), black
greenish (wheatered), directional azimuth N215 E from observers. It is composed of
carbonated sedimentary rocks with Chert.
This litology of Cretaseous, a red rock caused by the occurrence of elements of Mg and
Fe that react with O2. In the time of the lime, the environment was in a condition of
 oxygen saturation (earth temperature increased) so that making ice in the pole melt and
the addition of oxygen globally, so that the reaction occurred.
The outcrop had a distinctive shape with an almost upright coating, found the Boudine
structure with the appearance of the cracks – the cracks of the Chert filled by the red
limestone. The style that works on this rock is horizontally directional, leading to an
almost upright layer formation.
It is thought to form on a marine trough environment under the condition of
hydrothermal. Although in the deep-sea environment (sea troughs), the carbonate content
is influenced by the pressure conditions in the sea and chemical processes as well as the
timing of the reaction. It can be seen when this rock with a chemical system that is more
dominated by silica content but still leaves the carbonic content to form Chert rock
interlude with carbonated claystone. This is interpreted as being in the subduction zone of
the accretion prism zone, which is a zone with very high hydrostatic pressure so that CO3
cannot survive and cannot form, but at some time there are conditions Where the CCD
zone is variable which causes the formation of the carbonated rocks to be scattered with
silica rocks. This can happen because the composition of the existing carbonate is not
completely transformed into silica.
In this outcrops there are several litology which have different traits, here is the
description of the litology:
A. Rocks 1
This rock has a dark red, the condition of this rock is fresh, is a classical sedimentary
rock has a massive structure, the composition of minerals that compose this rock is
material silica/non-calc. It can be interpreted that this rock is Chert.
B. Rocks 2
This rock has a brick red color, the condition of this rock is fresh, including into the type
of clastic sedimentary rock – clay size, has a mineral composition that compose the rock
is a carbonate mineral. It can be interpreted that this rock is a red limestone.

2. Day 1 – Stopsite 2
Location : STA1.2 (Sadang Wetan, Kabupaten Kebumen, Jawa Tengah )
Date : Thursday, 20 February 2020
 Weather : Sunny
Time : 10.23 WIB
(FOTO)
The outset was located in Sadangwetan Village, located south of the Loning River. The
grey-gray outset, shiny like a silver, it has (5x2m) dimension extends from BL – TG. This
is the "metamorphic rock".
Schist Mica is bluish-grey, shiny is a metamorphic rock foliation. The rocks have a
Schistose structure, with a lepidoblastic texture. The mineral composition found in this
rock is the dominant white mica. There is a structure of a fault or tension at the
outpouring.
Mica husks aged 121 million years ago (Creatseous) is the rock layer as the foundation of
Java (Continental plate). A bluish-coloured mica is included in the Facies Blue-Schist
(Low Temperature – High Pressure).

3. Day 1 – Stopsite 3
Location : STA1.3 (Kali Cangkring, Kecamatan Sadang,Kabupaten Kebumen, Jawa
Tengah)
Date : Thursday, 20 February 2020
Weather : Sunny
Time : 11.08 WIB
(foto)
The outset was near the highway, under a bridge, by a large river. The outstation extends
from the northeast – Southwest with the dimensions of the outcrops (40X20m). The
outset is located on the banks of the river, the direction of the river currents flowing from
the northeast towards the southwest. The current state is partly weathered. It is composed
of sedimentary rocks with many color variants.
These are the earliest forms of Totogan formation, which are composed of
Olisostrhome products. Olisosthrome product is a Melange series Sedimenter from
Karangsambung. This Outcrops consists of the circuit of the claystone, sandstones, and
visible veins that have been filled by calcite minerals, can be multicolored in the outcrops
 this may be caused by the difference in the content of chemical composition, including
yellow (Calc), Green (Magnesium), red (Ferrum/iron), and black This is due to the
hydrothermal process and tectonic activity. The outset is located on the compression zone
(convergent), which can be seen in the presence of recitations that can be filled by calcite
minerals.

4. Day 1 – Stopsite 4
Location : STA1.4 (Kali Muncar Suboro, Kecamatan Sadang, Kabupaten Kebumen,
Jawa Tengah)
Date : Thursday, 20 February 2020
Weather : Sunny
Time : 13.12 WIB
(FOTO)
The outset was on a river located ± 200 m from the road. This is a product of the Ofiolite
series of lava pillows and deep sea sedimentary rocks. It is evident that the structure of
the pillow lava rocks and sedimentary rocks is red. It can be interpreted that this is a
result of an ocean-deflorescence product. It consists of a litology of frozen rock basalt-
structured lava cushions (pillow lava) and sedimentary rocks in the form of chert and
carbonated claystone. These types of lava-structural rocks are formed in the deep seabed
environment due to the marine expansion, which is influenced by temperature and water
pressure under the sea and with the underwater water pressure properties that have high
magma viscosity results from the expansion of the ocean. While the sedimentary rocks
contained in this outstation, namely litology of chert with a carbonated claystone, can be
formed due to the influence of the CCD zone that changes at a certain time that causes
unmodified entirely material Carbonate to material silica, resulting in a claystone with the
composition of Carbonate that formed in the deep sea zone.
A. Rocks 1
This rock has a dark grey color, the condition of this rock is fresh, is a volcanic frozen
rock, has a pillow lava structure, the texture it has in the form of afanitic, the mineral
composition that compose the rock is Amphibole, Pyroxene, and Plagioclase. So it can be
interpreted that the rock is a basalt.
 B. Rocks 2
This rock has a dark red, the condition of this rock is fresh, is a classical sedimentary
rock has a massive structure, the composition of minerals that compose this rock is
material silica/non – calc. It can be interpreted that this rock as Chert.
C. Rocks 3
This rock has a brick red color, the condition of this rock is fresh, is a clastic
sedimentary rock-sized clay grains, mineral composition that compose the rock is a
carbonate minerals. It can be interpreted that the rock is a carbonated claystone.

5. Day 1 – Stopsite 5
Location : STA1.5 (Kali Muncar Suboro, Kecamatan Sadang, Kabupaten Kebumen,
Jawa Tengah)
Date : Thursday, 20 February 2020
Weather : Sunny
Time : 14.30 WIB
(Foto)
The outset was on a river located ± 100 m from the road. These are the outages of the
classical sedimentary rocks. It can be interpreted that this outcrops formed in the melange
zone of the tectonic karangsambung. In the outtakes was formed due to the influence of
the hydrothermal process, but this process is only fluid that affects, while the influence of
temperature is less instrumental in the formation of the rock outtakes. It is composed of a
black-and-white litology of sedimentary stone. The black Claystone has a black color
because there are many organic materials.
A) Rocks 1
This rock has a black color, the condition of this rock is fresh, having grain size in the
form of clay, this rock has a flake structure, the mineral composition that compose the
rock is a carbonate minerals. It can be interpreted that the rock is a claystone.

6. Day 1 – Stopsite 6
 Location : STA1.6 (Desa Ketapang, Kecamatan Karangsambung, Kabupaten
Kebumen, Jawa Tengah)
Date : Thursday, 20 February 2020
Weather : Sunny
Time : 15.55 WIB
(FOTO)
This is located in Ketapang, located on the west side of the highway and is about 300m
from the highway. In this stopsite, there is a gray-gray outstation that extends from the
West – East by a dimension (10x5m). This outcrops have a litology of metamorphic rock-
marble. Marble is included in the formation of metamorphism with low pressure and high
temperature conditions. In the upper part of the throne there is a difference in the form of
a limestone. It can be interpreted as a result of an imperfect metamorphism. This marble
stone is a product of melange tectonics, fragments of large boulders embedded in the base
or matrix in the form of scaly clay.
The following are physical characteristics of this outcrops:
A.) Rock 1
The blackish-colored rocks, belonging to the non-foliation metamorphic rock type, have a
granuloblastic texture and there is a strong carbonate content as an Origin rock from the
limestone.

7. Day 2 – Stopsite 1
Location : STA 2.1 (Desa Rogodadi, Kecamatan Buayan, Kabupaten Kebumen,
Jawa Tengah)
Date : Friday, 21 February 2020
Weather : Sunny
Time : 10.15 WIB
(Foto)
The location of the area is on a cliff slope 100 m from the west of the road. The outstation
overlooks the east and stretches from south to north with the dimension 60x50m. The
outcrops have a white-grey color with a condition that is quite fresh but weathered and
erosion on the surface. This outset is a breccia-lithology with a fragment of igneous rocks
 but is in the basic masses of limestone and claystone. The initial Setting is that there is a
volcano in the sea area, where on the side (medial) the mountain is overgrown by the
carbon material (reef). Then the centerpiece collapsed until it was buried by the carbonate
material and formed a breccia (autoclaved) with a fragment of a igneous rock fragment
formed in the Central area in the basic mass of Carbonate.
A.) Rock 1
The rocks are white to gray with a fairly fresh condition. The fragments in this rock have
varying sizes ranging from the implausible to the angular shape. The transportation
process has not worked well on this area so it shows a bad sorting with an open pack. The
rock has a fragmental structure on its body with its fragmentary composition of frozen
rocks (andesite, basalt) which is in the basic mass of carbonated rocks such as limestone
and carbonic batteries. Based on the description above this rock is a volcanic breccia.

8. Day 2 – Stopsite 2
Location : STA 2.2 (Pantai Menganti, Kabupaten Kebumen, Jawa Tengah)
Date : Friday, 21 February 2020
Weather : Sunny
Time : 14.20 WIB
(Foto)
The outcrops is on the cliff wall right by the beach, 200 m from the road. The blacklisting
is black, distinctive in terms of 5-facet 6, stretching from northwest to southeast with a
dimension of 20x10 M. this outcrop is a product of freezing/cooling magma in the form
of a column or Columnar Joint. Axis Formation in terms of 6 that have formed can
indicate the direction of the lava flow that occurs during the process of volcanism occurs,
the direction of the flow perpendicular to the cooling axis. The Outcrop is included in the
proximal facies, characterized by the occurrence of lava and breccia products.