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The Luk Ulo-Karangsambung Complex of Central Java; from Subduction to

Collisional Tectonics

Conference Paper · January 2006

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 PROCEEDINGS PERSIDANGAN BERSAMA
UKM – ITB 2006

The Luk Ulo–Karangsambung Complex of Central Java, Indonesia;

From Subduction to Collision Tectonics

Agus H. Harsolumakso, C. Prasetyadi, B. Sapiie and M.E. Suparka

Department of Geology, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Jalan Ganesa 10 Bandung 40132, Phone 62-22- 250 2197, 250 2201 Fax 62-22- 250 0976
e-mail : agush@gc.itb.ac.id

EXTENDED ABSTRACT

Introduction General Geology

It had been recognized that Luk Ulo
Mélange Complex in Karangsambung, Luk
Ulo area, Central Java, is a product of
subduction between Indo-Australian and
Eurasian plates. The overlying Paleogene
sediments have also their characteristic
lithologies and structures, comparing with
other Paleogene series in Eastern part of
Java (eg. Wungkal and Nanggulan
Formations). The Paleogene time recorded
in these areas is considered as a key for
understanding the Cenozoic tectonic
evolution of Java Island. This period of
formation of major Tertiary basins was also
marked by a significant tectonic event when
the subduction zone in the southeastern
margin of the Sundaland were shifting from
a NE-SW trend in the Cretaceous to
Paleocene into an E-W trend in the Tertiary.
This important tectonic evolution has been
stated by many authors (eg. Hamilton, 1979;
Daly et al, 1991; Bransden and Matthew,
1992; Soeria-Atmadja et al, 1994; Parkinson
et al, 1998; Hall, 2002) but the interpretation
was generally made as part of regional
studies.
There are two locations in Eastern part of
Java, Luk Ulo and Bayat areas where pre-
Tertiary rocks along with Paleogene
sediments were exposed. A field work has
been carried out recently in the northern part
of Luk Ulo area with emphasizing on the
stratigraphic and structural study of the
boundary of pre-Tertiary and the overlying
Paleogene covers.
The Luk Ulo Mélange Complex is
considered as a basement rocks in Java
Island (Figure 1). It consists of tectonic
blocks of various fragments of mafic-
ultramafic and metamorphic rocks,
limestones, sandstones and pelagic
sediments, in black scaly clay matrix. This
rock assemblage has been interpreted as a
product of subduction between Indo-
Australian and Eurasian plates during Late
Cretaceous to Paleocene time (Asikin,
1974). There are many information has
published concerning this complex (eg.
Ketner et al, 1976; Hamilton, 1979; Suparka,
1988; Asikin et al, 1992, Wakita et al, 1994;
Harsolumakso et al, 1995, Parkinson et
al.1998). Luk Ulo Mélange Complex is
overlain by Paleogene series, known as
Karangsambung and Totogan Formations
which have age ranging from Late Eocene to
Late Oligocene. These two formations have
their characteristic lithology and structural
feature showing distorted bedding, scaly
clay matrix with limestone, conglomerate,
and basaltic rock fragments, which have
been interpreted as an olistostrome deposit.
Overlying on these olistostromal deposits is
the Waturanda Formation that consists of
volcanic breccias and sandstones. There are
two major structural trends in
Karangsambung. The ENE-WSW trend were
developed in the pre-Tertiary to Paleogene
rocks (Wakita et al, 1994; Harsolumakso et
al, 1996), and E-W trend were developed in
the younger Tertiary rocks.
 PROCEEDINGS PERSIDANGAN BERSAMA
UKM – ITB 2006
Evidences For Paleogene Deformation
The new finding for the first time the Early
Eocene fossils of foraminifer Nummulites sp
in Bulukuning and Larangan areas,
Banjarnegara, NW Luk Ulo (Prasetyadi et
al., 2006a, 2006b), previously mapped as a
Pre-Eocene sediments (Ketner et al.,1976
and Condon et al., 1996) revealed significant
results on stratigraphy and structural point of
view (see Figure 1). They are abundantly
found in a 2.5 m interbed of black, hard,
limestone and and shales and have smaller in
size (0.3-0.5 cm) which is differents with
ones known in other Eocene sediments
(Bayat, Nanggulan, and Karangsambung,
Prasetyadi et al., 2005) and indicate Early to
Middle Eocene (Lunt, 2005; pers. comm).
The shales appears to be metamorphosed
shown by strong fissility of sericitic
materials. Another tectonised Eocene rock
has been observed containing abundant
Discocyclina sp and Asterocyclina sp. These
fossiliferous limestones along with bedded
sandstones, breccia, greywacke, red shale,
basalt, and dacite are found as blocks
embedded in black, sheared shale matrix.
Detail observation on the Eocene sediments
previously defined as Karangsambung and
Totogan Formations (Harsolumakso and
Noeradi, 1996, Harsolumakso, 2004) which
suggested that besides occurring as
olistostromal deposit, the Eocene formation
has also been undergone significant
deformational event after deposition. It is
characterized by highly intense folding and
thrusting forming a sheared zone which
indicate a semi-ductile deformation rather
than sedimentary or sliding processes. Some
outcrops display both sedimentary and
tectonics features which suggested that
deformation seem to be contemporaneously
occurred during depositional processes. The
bedding planes, shear zones, cleavage and
minor fold axis show an ENE-WSW
trending thrust system, which similar with
those of Luk Ulo Mélange Complex.
Tectonic Implication
The Luk Ulo Mélange Complex age has
been interpreted as to be generated in the
subduction zone during Late Cretaceous to
Paleocene.The shifting of NE-SW trend of
Cretaceous subduction to E-W trending in
the Oligocene time in Java is believed
occurred due to involving of micro-continent
in the subduction zone (Sribudijani et al.,
2003, Smyth et al., 2005), which produced
an important tectonic event.
Our study on the paleogene series has
revealed at least three distinct units ie.;
metasedimentary rocks containing Early
Eocene metamorphosed beds containing
Nummulites of “Bulukuning”, tectonized
“Larangan” pebbly mudstones with blocks
containing Dyscocyclina sp. and
Asterocyclina sp. and deformed Late Eocene
turbidite sandstones and shales. These are
differents with those observed in Bayat and
Nanggulan areas, which consist of normal
transgressive sequences of turbidite
sandstones and almost undeformed
(Prasetyadi et al., 2005, Smyth et al. 2003).
The highly deformed Eocene rocks in the
Luk Ulo area at least indicate that there is a
major penetrative deformational event in this
area within the late Eocene to Oligocene
time while the normal sedimentary process
occurred in the margin of the Micro-
continent (Wungkal and Nanggulan
Formations). We interprete that this tectonic
event was related to collision when the
micro-continent approached the subduction
zone. It is concluded that the subduction
occurred in the subduction zone in Late
Cretaceous to Paleocene where Luk Ulo
Mélange Complex was formed. The
subsequence overlying Paleogene series
were deposited, following by collision in
Oligo-Miocene to Early Miocene time. The
scenario of this tectonic evolution is
proposed as shown in Figure 2.
 PROCEEDINGS PERSIDANGAN BERSAMA
UKM – ITB 2006
Acknowledgment
We thank Dirjen MIGAS, BP Migas and
Kodeco, Departemen Teknik Geologi ITB and
Jurusan Teknik Geologi UPN Veteran
Yogyakarta for their invaluable supports to this
study.
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Figure 1 Geological map of Luk Ulo area, Central Java showing the present of Paleogene Larangan Complex. The new discovery of Paleonummulites sp,
Discocyclina sp and Asterocyclina sp in this study is indicated in the general stratigraphic diagram.
 PROCEEDINGS PERSIDANGAN BERSAMA
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Figure 2 The scenario of tectonic evolution of the Eastern part of Java in the Cretaceous to Paleogene.

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