Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Chapter
Strategy Formulation and
Implementation
The specific objectives of this chapter are:
1. IDENTIFY the basic steps in strategic planning, including
environmental scanning, internal resource analysis of the
MNC’s strengths and weaknesses, and goal formulation.
2. DESCRIBE how an MNC implements the strategic plan,
such as how it chooses a site for overseas operations.
3. REVIEW the three major functions of marketing,
production, and finance that are used in implementing a
strategic plan.
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Chapter
Strategy Formulation and
Implementation
The specific objectives of this chapter are:
4. DESCRIBE how an MNC implements the strategic plan,
such as how it chooses a site for overseas operations.
5. REVIEW the three major functions of marketing,
production, and finance that are used in implementing a
strategic plan.
6. EXPLAIN specialized strategies appropriate for emerging
markets and international new ventures.
3
Strategic Management
Strategic management
Processof determining an organization’s basic mission and
long-term objectives, and then implementing a plan of action
for pursuing this mission and attaining these objectives
How to allocate finite resources to achieve long-term
objectives
Growing need for strategic management
Increasingly
diversified operations in a continuously
changing international environment.
More resources, more places to allocate them
Increased complexity
4
Economic
Economic
Imperative
Imperative
Administrative
Administrative Political
Political
Coordination
Coordination Imperative
Imperative
Quality
Quality
Imperative
Imperative
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Sales
Service
Global
Global Transnational
Transnational
High
Global integration
strategy
strategy strategy
strategy
International
International Multi-domestic
Multi-domestic
Low
strategy
strategy strategy
strategy
Summary of Approaches to
Strategic Planning
The appropriateness of each strategy depends on pressures for cost
reduction and local responsiveness in each country served
A global strategy is a low-cost strategy which attempts to benefit from
scale economies in production, distribution, and marketing
A transnational strategy should be pursued when there are high cost
pressures and high demands for local responsiveness
Pressures for cost reduction and local responsiveness put
contradictory demands on a company because localized product
offerings increase cost
Organizations that can find appropriate synergies in global
corporate functions can leverage a transnational strategy
effectively
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Strategic
Strategic Planning
Planning
Goals
Goals
IMPLEMENTATION
IMPLEMENTATION
Adapted from Figure 8–2: Basic Elements of Strategic Planning for International Management
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Local issues
Once the country has been decided, the firm must choose the
specific locale
Important factors influencing this choice include
Access to markets
Proximity to competitors
Availability of transportation and electric power
Desirability of the location for employees coming in
from the outside
21
Production
When exporting goods to a foreign market, the production
process traditionally has been handled through domestic
operations.
More recently MNCs have found that whether they are
exporting or producing the goods locally in the host country,
consideration of worldwide production is important.
A recent trend has been away from multi-domestic approach
and toward global coordination of operations
22
Finance
Transferring funds from one place in the world to another,
or borrowing funds in the international money markets,
often is less expensive than relying on local sources
Issues include
Re-evaluation of currencies
Privatization
Strategies for the base of the pyramid
International New Ventures and “Born-Global” Firms
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Cases
Poland (p. 258)
KNP (p. 345)