POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES

COLLEGE OF ARTS AND LETTERS

ANONAS ST. OLD STA. MESA, MANILA

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY

WRITTEN REPORT

AGHAM, TEKNOLOHIYA AT PAGBUO NG BANSA

BAYUDANG, JANET
CAǸEDO, NICOLE
GARCIA, MARUEL
MAGAT, RENEEH
PEǸAVERDE, MA. ANNE DANIELLE

AB FILIPINOLOGY
2ND SEMESTER S.Y. 2019-2020
RAYMUND CABALLERO
Definition of Science

 Science is not only subject,science is a process to attach human from nature and be think,
be process, be derive capabilities give us. The word science comes from Latin
word”scientia” meaning “knowledge”.
S- systematic and
C-comprehensive
I-investigation
E-and exploration
N-of nature
C-cause and
E-effect

Definition of Technology

 Technology- refers to methods,system and devices which are the result of scientific
knowledge being used for practical purposes
 Technology refers to the making, modification, usage, and knowledge of tools, machines,
techniques, crafts, systems, and methods of organization, in order to solve a problem,
improve a preexisting solution to a problem, achieve a goal, handle an applied
input/output relation or perform a specific function. It can also refer to the collection of
such tools, including machinery, modifications, arrangements and procedures.
Technologies significantly affect human as well as other animal species' ability to control
and adapt to their natural environments. The term can either be applied generally or to
specific areas: examples include construction technology, medical technology, and
information technology. The human species' use of technology began with the conversion
of natural resources into simple tools. The prehistorical discovery of the ability to control
fire increased the available sources of food and the invention of the wheel helped humans
in travelling in and controlling their environment. Recent technological developments,
including the printing press, the telephone, and the Internet, have lessened physical
barriers to communication and allowed humans to interact freely on a global scale.
However, not all technology has been used for peaceful purposes; the development of
weapons of ever-increasing destructive power has progressed throughout history, from
clubs to nuclear weapons.

HISTORY OF SCIENCE

 On the simplest level, science is knowledge of the world of nature. There are many
regularities in nature that humankind has had to recognize for survival since the
emergence of Homo sapiens as a species. The Sun and the Moon periodically repeat
their movements. Some motions, like the daily “motion” of the Sun, are simple to
observe, while others, like the annual “motion” of the Sun, are far more difficult.
Both motions correlate with important terrestrial events. Day and night provide the
basic rhythm of human existence. The seasons determine the migration of animals
upon which humans have depended for millennia for survival. With the invention of
agriculture, the seasons became even more crucial, for failure to recognize the proper
 time for planting could lead to starvation. Science defined simply as knowledge of
natural processes is universal among humankind, and it has existed since the dawn of
human existence.

The mere recognition of regularities does not exhaust the full meaning of science,
however. In the first place, regularities may be simply constructs of the human mind.
Humans leap to conclusions. The mind cannot tolerate chaos, so it constructs
regularities even when none objectively exists. Thus, for example, one of the
astronomical “laws” of the Middle Ages was that the appearance of comets presaged
a great upheaval, as the Norman Conquest of Britain followed the comet of 1066.
True regularities must be established by detached examination of data. Science,
therefore, must employ a certain degree of skepticism to prevent premature
generalization. Regularities, even when expressed mathematically as laws of nature,
are not fully satisfactory to everyone. Some insist that genuine understanding
demands explanations of the causes of the laws, but it is in the realm of causation that
there is the greatest disagreement. Modern quantum mechanics, for example, has
given up the quest for causation and today rests only on mathematical description.

Modern biology, on the other hand, thrives on causal chains that permit the
understanding of physiological and evolutionary processes in terms of the physical
activities of entities such as molecules, cells, and organisms. But even if causation
and explanation are admitted as necessary, there is little agreement on the kinds of
causes that are permissible, or possible, in science. If the history of science is to make
any sense whatsoever, it is necessary to deal with the past on its own terms, and the
fact is that for most of the history of science natural philosophers appealed to causes
that would be summarily rejected by modern scientists. Spiritual and divine forces
were accepted as both real and necessary until the end of the 18th century and, in
areas such as biology, deep into the 19th century as well.Science, then, is to be
considered in this article as knowledge of natural regularities that is subjected to some
degree of skeptical rigour and explained by rational causes.

One final caution is necessary. Nature is known only through the senses, of which
sight, touch, and hearing are the dominant ones, and the human notion of reality is
skewed toward the objects of these senses. The invention of such instruments as the
telescope, the microscope, and the Geiger counter enabled an ever-increasing range of
phenomena within the scope of the senses. Thus, scientific knowledge of the world is
only partial, and the progress of science follows the ability of humans to make
phenomena perceivable.This article provides a broad survey of the development of
science as a way of studying and understanding the world, from the primitive stage of
noting important regularities in nature to the epochal revolution in the notion of what
constitutes reality that occurred in 20th-century physics. More-detailed treatments of
the histories of specific sciences, including developments of the later 20th and early
21st centuries, may be found in the articles biology; Earth science; and physical
science.

HISTORY OF TECHNOLOGY
  Stone Age- the development of simple tools from wood or shards of rock and the
discovery of fire, which provided a way to cook food and create heat and light, were
technological developments which allowed people to accomplish task more easily and
quickly.

 Bronze Age- the evolving ability of man to work with metal gave the ability to form
stronger tools,and the introduction of the wheel allowed people greater ability to travel
and communicate.

 Iron Age- the ability to work with harder metals than copper and tin,to smelt iron, and to
be able to remove iron from ore allowed for rapid increases in weapons making brought
the development of tools that benefit civilization and gave greater ability to perform task,
such as manufacturing and transportation computer and internet. The ability to perform
basic thingking processes much faster enables business, science and commerce to
proceed much more efficiently.

 An example of technology is the internet which has made up to date information

available to anyone with access in a matter of moments and provides real time
information about events around the world.
 An examplse of technology was during the Stone Age when the first knife or shovel was
made from a piece of stone or obsidian.
 An example of technology is the products that were invented during the space program,
which have allowed engineers and other scientists to use variations of these products and
materials in manufacturing.
 An example of technology is utra sound,MRI,CAT scans and other forms of nuclear
imaging which allow doctors to see inside the human body using a blending of medical
technology,nuclear technology, and computer technology.

Brief History of Science and Technology in the Philippines

 In pre-Spanish Philippines, is embedded in the way of life of the people. Scientific

knowledge is observed in the way they plant their crops that provide them food, in taking
care of animals to help them in their daily tasks, and foe food productions.
 Science is observed in the way they interpret the movements of heavenly bodies to
predict seasons and climates, and in organizing days into months and years. They use
science in preparing the soil for agricultural purposes and like any other ancient cultures,
they discovered the medicinal uses.
 Technology is used by people in building houses, irrigations and in developing tools that
they can use in everyday life. They developed tools for planting, hunting, cooking, and
fishing; for fighting their enemies during war or tribal conflicts; and for transportation,
both on land and on waterways. They also developed technologies in creating musical
instruments.
 Archeological findings show that modern man from Asian mainland first came over land
on across narrow channels to live in Batangas and Palawan about 48,000 B.C.
Subsequently they formed settlement in Sulu, Davao, Zamboanga, Samar, Negros, Batangas,
Laguna, Rizal, Bulacan and Cagayan.

 STONE AGE
They made simple tools and weapons of stone flakes and later developed method of sawing and
polishing stones around 40,000 B.C.
By around 3,000 B.C. they were producing adzes ornaments of seashells and pottery. Pottery
flourished for the next 2,000 years until they imported Chinese porcelain. Soon they learned to
produce copper, bronze, iron, and gold metal tools and ornaments.
Inventions
The Iron Age lasted from there third century B.C. to 11th century A.D. During this period
Filipinos were engaged in extraction smelting and refining of iron from ores, until the
importation of cast iron from Sarawak and later from China.
 Iron Age
They learn to weave cotton, make glass ornaments, and cultivate lowland rice and dike fields of
terraced fields utilizing spring water in mountain regions.
They also learned to build boats for trading purposes.
Spanish chronicles noted refined plank built warships called caracoa suited for interisland trade
raids.
Inventions/Discoveries
Filipinos from the Butuan were trading with Champa (Vietnam) and those from Ma-I (Mindoro)
with China as noted in Chinese records containing several references to the Philippines. These
archaeological findings indicated that regular trade relations between the Philippines, China and
Vietnam had been well established from the 10th century to the 15th century A.D.
 10th century A.D
The People of Ma-I and San-Hsu (Palawan) traded bee wax, cotton, pearls, coconut heart mats,
tortoise shell and medicinal betel nuts, panie cloth for porcelain, leads fishnets sinker, colored
glass beads, iron pots, iron needles and tin.
 Trading
Filipinos were already engage in activities and practices related to science forming primitive or
first wave technology. They were curative values of some plant on how to extract medicine from
herbs. They had an alphabet, a system of writing, a method of counting and weights and
measure. They had no calendar but counted the years by the period of the moon and from one
harvest to another.
 Before the Spaniards
Filipinos were already engage in the activities and practices related to science forming primitive
or first wave technology. They were curative values of some plant on how to extract medicine
from herbs. They had an alphabet a system of writing, a method of counting and weights and
measure. They had no calendar but counted the years by period of the moon and from one
harvest to another.
What Is a Developed Economy?

A developed economy is typically characteristic of a developed country with a relatively high

level of economic growth and security. Standard criteria for evaluating a country's level of
development are income per capita or per capita gross domestic product, the level of
industrialization, the general standard of living, and the amount of technological infrastructure.

Noneconomic factors, such as the human development index (HDI), which quantifies a country's

levels of education, literacy, and health into a single figure, can also be used to evaluate an
economy or the degree of development.

Automologist, Harold, fondly remembers the glory days of car assembly in the Philippines
and hopes the government ushers the return of those days!
Rarely are there people in the world who will recall or recognise cars and buses that are
Philippine-made (other than our own signature jeepneys) but we have built tens of thousands of
them over the past 70 years.
Today, we build a lot of commercial vehicles and B-segment cars, but very few know it. And it
might surprise you that we have a colourful history of building cars and have a local workforce
that can match, or even exceed, that of Thailand and Indonesia (minus the tendency to unionise
or have labour strikes that can kill the industry).

Mitsubishi Motors

Mitsubishi Motors Philippines Corporation (MMPC), which

started as Chrysler Philippines and is the oldest local
automotive manufacturer in the country, was established 55
years ago in 1963. MMPC has been producing cars we can
now call iconic. Its initial salvo was Colt Galant. It survived
the turbulent 80s with Galant Sigmas.

Three different kinds of Pajeros were made here: the first- to

third-generation models, commonly known as the
Intercooler and Fieldmaster, made from the late 90s to the
early 2000s. There was also the Cimarron, the predecessor
of the famous L300, and the L300 itself. There was also
Adventure, which recently ceased production.
Toyota

There were two Toyota car-building efforts here: one under Delta
Motors and the rest under Toyota Motor Philippines (TMP) Inc.,
the current builders. Founded in 1962, cars such as the Toyopet
Corona, the rear-wheel drive Corollas and Coronas rolled out of
TMP’s factories. Luxury cars, like Cressida and Crown, were
built here also. Toyota Philippines was one of the first to build
the Asian Utility Vehicle with the Tamaraw (beaten, however, by
Ford’s Fiera), along with the production and exportation of the now rare Delta Mini Cruiser.

In 1989, the first car that TMP built (as a semi-knocked down unit) was an
eighth-generation Crown, packing a straight-six engine to boot. On the same
day, the Toyota Lite-Ace came out of the plant, also as a semi-knocked down
unit. The now iconic small-body Corolla followed a few months later.

These were followed by two generations of the Corona, the fourth- and fifth-
generation Camry, three generations of the Corolla, later becoming the Corolla
Altis, the Tamaraw and its eventual successor, the Revo, a few generations of
the Hilux and HiAce, to name a few.

Honda

While it was not as aggressive a builder as Toyota, Honda

has quite the resume when it comes to Philippine
production. Honda is a relative newcomer here, being
established in October of 1990, but through the years,
Honda Cars Philippines Inc. (HCPI) has made cars that have
become favourites of the Filipino consumer.

The fourth-generation Honda Civic, also known as the EF

among enthusiasts, was made in the Philippines. Then, the
fifth-generation model was made here too. Even the sixth-generation Accord was built here. The
first two generations of the CR-V were also assembled here and, to this day, the City has been
rolling out of the Santa Rosa plant for over 20 years.
Isuzu

The history of Isuzu assembling vehicles started with an

AUV. Isuzu assembled the KC20 here, which served as a
replacement for the GM Harabas. Soon after, the Gemini
was also being made here but it would be in the 90s when
production would go into hyperdrive.

Jump-started by the KB-series pickup, comes the

Highlander, which was set to go head-on with the Tamaraw
FX. The KB production line soon made way for the Fuego
in 1998, while the Crosswind took over the Hi-Lander line in 2001.

Nissan

The local assembly story of Nissan starts back in the days of

Datsun when Universal Motors Corporation (UMC) built the
200C sedan, also known as the Cedric in Japan. Various
Datsuns, such as the 180B, were made locally right up until
Datsuns were eventually called Nissans in the country.

UMC built Nissan’s commercial vehicles, like the Eagle, the

Frontier, and Frontier Bravado. Also built by UMC were
Urvans and the Patrol Safari.

As UMC dealt with commercial vehicles, Nissan Motors Philippines Inc. (the pre-cursor of
Nissan Philippines Inc.) on the other hand concentrated on cars. It assembled the Stanza, the 2-
door Pulsar, the Maxima, five generations of the Sentra, Cefiro, two generations of X-Trail, the
Livina and the Serena.

Ford

Ford stopped production in 2012, after decades of

intermittent manufacturing in the Philippines. The American
automaker made full-sized LTDs locally, although most
didn’t come with a V8 engine. It was eventually followed by
the Escort and Cortina, which carried through to the 80s. And
not to be forgotten is the iconic Fiera, the first AUV in the
country.
By the mid-2000s, Ford was making the Escape and the second-gen Lynx followed by Focus
Ghia. On that note, the Focus and the Escape would eventually become the last Philippine-made
Fords as the Fiesta marked the arrival of Thailand-sourced units.

General Motors

Were you aware that the first-generation Chevrolet

Camaros were made here? General Motors was quite the
assembly powerhouse here back in the day, producing not
just Chevrolets but also Buicks, Pontiacs, and Opels, just to
name a few. These GM products were made by Yutivo
Sons Hardware Corporation.

Other GM cars made in the Philippines were the Buick

Electra, Pontiac Parisienne, Vauxhall Victor and Viva,
Opel Rekords and a couple of Holdens, with the Torana
being one of the most popular models.

Volkswagen

Not to be outdone was Philippines Volkswagen. Some of the

first models built here were the Kombi and the Beetle, with
the former being an SKD and the latter being CKD. Then
came the Brasilia, and other Brazil-sourced units; Passats
were reportedly made here as well. Volkswagen Philippines
built also the Sakbayan, which was chosen to be PLDT’s
fleet vehicle back in the day. There was even the Trakbayan,
essentially a truck based on the Beetle’s floorpan.

Mercedes-Benz

Oh yes, they made Mercedes-Benzes in the

Philippines. While UMC is known these days for
their ties with Nissan, from 1955 to 1970, the
company was one of the first importers and
assemblers of the three-pointed star vehicles. Some of
the most iconic models from the German automaker,
such as the Ponton and the Fintail, were indeed made here.

UMC moved on to Nissans, but some family members wanted to continue the Mercedes-Benz
assembly part of the business. Thus, Commercial Motors was established, responsible for rolling
out W114/W115 Mercs. They eventually moved to building the W123, both in SKD and CKD
kits, which carried through until the mid-80s.

BMW

Surprise! BMW, although with a brief stint in local

manufacturing which started in the 90s, made E36 3
Series variants here as semi-knocked down units.
However, the Asian Economic Crisis of the late 90s
brought an abrupt halt to all that. Still, there was a total
of 2,135 of these made in a relatively short run, a good
number for a locally assembled luxury car.

Volvo

Volvo made cars here too with the 850 series for the 90s.
Like the BMW 3 Series, the Volvo 850 was made here as
a semi-knocked down unit over at the Star Motors plant
in Santa Rosa, Laguna.

https://www.automology.com/cars-made-in-the-
philippines-really/

We tend to value our celebrities tremendously. For many

of us, they offer an escape from the harsh realities we face as a developing country: typhoons and
flooding, the irresponsible and unfair treatment of laborers, and even corruption in the
government.

There is nothing inherently wrong with idolizing celebrities. In doing so, however, we
sometimes fail to notice Filipinos who have made significant contributions to science and
technology.

Furthermore, due to over 300 years of subjugation, the concept of colonial mentality
remains present in our society, whether we’d like to admit it or not. Many of us seem to believe
that international products are better than those made by Filipinos. This may understandably be
disheartening and even debilitating for some of our local thinkers and creatives. Nevertheless,
this has not stopped Filipino innovators from finding ways to help society as a whole, and from
using science as a means to elevate the standards of living.
Here are some Filipino inventions and ‘tatak Pinoy’ discoveries that may surprise and even
inspire the innovator in you

Filipino invention #1: Bamboo incubator

Often, life finds a way — sometimes, even earlier than expected. Premature babies (infants born
before the mother’s 37th week of pregnancy) are typically underdeveloped and low in body fat
percentage, inhibiting their ability to maintain their normal body temperature. The modern
medical incubator addresses this; however, not all people who need it have access to such
technology. This is a particularly serious problem in rural areas, where such devices are
generally inaccessible.

Fortunately, a solution came in the form of the first Filipino invention on this list: the bamboo
incubator, widely credited as the brainchild of Dr. Fe Del Mundo. This makeshift device is
relatively inexpensive and easy to reproduce, making it ideal for use in rural communities and
areas with no electricity. Developing this ingenious take on a life-saving machine, though, is far
from her only accomplishment. In 1936, Dr. del Mundo became a Research Fellow in Pediatrics
at Harvard Medical School.

In addition, Dr. Del Mundo was the first woman to be recognized as a National Scientist here in
the Philippines, way back in 1980. In addition to all that, her passion for pediatrics and medicine
led her to establish the Children’s Medical Center, the first pediatric hospital in the Philippines.
Truly, Dr. del Mundo is a pioneer thinker, and an inspiration for Filipino women.

Filipino invention #2: Erythromycin

Antibiotics are typically prescribed to us by our doctors as a remedy to ailments caused by

microorganisms such as bacteria or fungi. Nowadays, most antibiotics are synthetically created
in laboratories by pharmacists and chemists. Before the onset of modern medicine, however,
humans depended on nature in order to deal with disease-causing microorganisms.

The first-ever antibiotic, Penicillin, was discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1926 after a mould
termed Penicillium notatum contaminated one of his experiments. That kicked off a race to
discover all sorts of antibiotics from plants, insects, and even marine organisms.

Many followed this path to discovery, including Dr. Abelardo Aguilar. In 1949, via soil
samples he obtained from his backyard, Dr. Aguilar stumbled upon 𝘚𝘵𝘳𝘦𝘱𝘵𝘰𝘮𝘺𝘤𝘦𝘴
𝘦𝘳𝘺𝘵𝘩𝘳𝘢𝘦𝘶𝘴 (now 𝘚𝘢𝘤𝘤𝘩𝘢𝘳𝘰𝘱𝘰𝘭𝘺𝘴𝘱𝘰𝘳𝘢 𝘦𝘳𝘺𝘵𝘩𝘳𝘢𝘦𝘢), the bacteria that would lead to the discovery
of erythromycin. Erythromycin is an antibiotic used in treating infections of the respiratory tract,
Legionnaire’s disease, and diphtheria, as well as urinary tract infections and sexually transmitted
diseases such as syphilis.

During that time, Dr. Aguilar worked under Eli Lily Co., a pharmaceutical company from the
United States. The company marketed erythromycin under the brand name Ilosone, earning
billions of dollars from the drug. Unfortunately, international patent laws stood in the way of him
getting his fair share of the fruits of his discovery. His 40-year struggle to receive royalties from
the drug he discovered ended when he died at the age of 76.

As former Philippine Health Secretary Juan Flavier put it: “Dr Aguilar has contributed so much
in the discovery of erythromycin. It is sad to hear that he got nothing out of it.”

Filipino invention #3: Challenge 21

Even in this digitally connected age, people still love playing board games. You’ve probably
tried some of the more popular ones, such as chess, checkers, Monopoly, Scrabble, Game of the
Generals, or Snake and Ladders.

Chances are you may have heard of — or perhaps even tried — Challenge 21, a relatively new
board game invented by, you guessed it, a Filipino. The mind behind this remarkable Filipino
invention is Mr. Leonardo Meija Yu, a 68-year-old retired economics professor and Philippine
Ports Authority officer.

The board game borrows and incorporates aspects from games such as tic-tac-toe, scrabble,
bingo, chess, and (according to the creator himself) even basketball. The game, which can be
played by up to 4 players, was designed to promote and develop abstract thinking, observation,
and impromptu strategizing. 

Mr. Yu has received recognition for his invention, including the TUKLAS Award at the National
Invention Contest and Exhibit (NICE) in Pasay City.

Filipino invention #4: Mango flowering

The Philippines is a major source of mangoes in the world. With million worth of exports in
2015 alone, the country ranks seventh in the global market. Regions such as Ilocos, Central
Luzon, and Western Visayas are among the country’s biggest producers of this seasonal
fruit. The operative word here, of course, is “seasonal,” as mangoes only flower during a specific
period in the year. For quite some time, Filipinos relied on smudging –the use of smoke from
burning materials — to keep up with the demand for mangoes.

National Scientist Ramon Barba, however, had a different idea.

Barba believed that smudging was tedious and expensive. Furthermore, the process also emits
pollutants into the atmosphere. He proposed an alternative: the use of a chemical spray called
Etherel (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid). His idea was met with derision and rejected for
experiments, until one day, his friends Mr. and Mrs. Jose Quimson allowed him to conduct a trial
using 400 mango trees. And the rest, as they say, is history.

In 2008, a documentary from the World Intellectual Property Office highlighted Barba’s
discovery:
The prolific mango production in the Philippines is due in large measure to the ingenuity of one
man (Barba) … His invention, widely used today, revolutionized the Philippine mango industry,
making the crop one of the country’s top export earners.”

Even though Barba held the patent to the process, he charged no royalties for it. With the
chemical being cheap and readily accessible, this allowed many mango farmers to benefit from
his idea, leading to the boom in the mango industry that we enjoy today.

Filipino invention #5: The PC chipset

At this point, electronics have gone beyond being a simple human “want”; in fact, some may
argue that in today’s society, they have become a need.

Students, for instance, use their smartphones to connect with friends, to entertain themselves, or
to do research on the go. Laptops are also absolutely critical in the completion of their academic
requirements. These devices and many more help us build ties, work anywhere, and access
information in just a few clicks. All of these, of course, are 21st-century necessities.

Would you believe, though, that a Filipino played a key role in the decades-long development of
these high-tech devices?

Back in the day, companies were less about reducing the size of your gadget and more about
implementing the basics: processing data and presenting it to the user in an appreciable form.
That changed, however, after Diosdado Banatao, a native from Cagayan Valley, developed the
first single-chip 16-bit microprocessor-based calculator in the 1970s. He went on to create the
world’s first system logic chip sets in 1981, which allowed the integration of all of a computer’s
essential data processing features into a small package. He did not stop there, though. Banatao
eventually came up with the first Windows Graphics accelerator chip for personal computers.
Thanks to these breakthroughs, he earned himself a permanent place in the history of PC
development.

Today, Banatao serves as the chairman of the board of directors for Inphi, a company
specializing in advanced semiconductor and Silicon photonics solutions. In addition, he founded
the Philippine Development Foundation (PhilDev), a nonprofit organization aiming to eliminate
poverty through the use of education, innovation, and entrepreneurship. –MF

https://www.flipscience.ph/technology/5-filipino-inventions/

Role of the government in developing our country through science and technology

Department of Science and Technology (Kagawaran ng Agham at Teknolohiya)

• Formulate and adopt a comprehensive National Science and Technology Plan, and
monitor and coordinate its funding and implementation;
 • Promote, assist and, where appropriate, undertake scientific and technological research
and development in areas identified as vital to the country's development;

• Promote the development of indigenous technology and the adaptation and innovation of
suitable imported technology, and in this regard, undertake technology development up to
commercial stage;

• Undertake design and engineering works to complement research and development

functions;

• Promote, assist and, where appropriate, undertake the transfer of the results of scientific
and technological research and development to their end-users;

• Develop and implement programs for strengthening scientific and technological

capabilities through manpower training, infrastructure and institution-building;

• Promote public consciousness in science and technology; and

• Undertake policy research, technology assessment, feasibility and technical studies.

• Develop and maintain an information system and databank on science and technology;
and

• Undertake policy research, technology assessment, feasibility and technical studies.

NEDA National Economic Development Authority (Pambansang Pangasiwaan sa

Kabuhayan at Pagunlad)

• Man as the center of development

• The arrows represent the four major dimensions of

development

 Economic

 Social

 Political-administrative

 cultural

NEDA

• The country’s highest socio-economic development planning and policy coordinating

body.
 • Is an independent cabinet-level agency of the Philippine government responsible for
economic development and planning

• It is headed by the president of the Philippines as chairman of the NEDA board, with the
secretary of socio-economic planning, concurrently NEDA director-general, as vice
chairman.

Functions of NEDA

• Advice the President on matters concerning the status and progress of thje economy.

• Formulate, in consultation with the private sector and other appropriate government
agencies, definite inconsistent long range and annual economic social development plans
and programs

• Coordinate the formulation and implementation of national policies on fiscal, budgetary,

credit, tariff, investment, production, price, manpower, trade population, land use, water
rtesources, and other economic matters.

• Analyze, coordinate and initiate, with the approval of the President, major development
projects requiring the utilization of funds available to the government.

• Coordinate the implementation of approved national and regional development plans and
programs.

• Coordinate and integrate foreign economic and technical assistance program.

Ambisyon natin 2040

• A high trust and resilient society

• And a globally competitive knowledge economy

THE THREE MAJOR PILLARS

 MALASAKIT - enhancing the social fabric.

 PAGBABAGO – inequality reducing transformation.

  PANATAG – increasing growth potential.

PARA MAABOT ANG AMBISYON TAYO NA’T UMAKSYON, NGAYON!

DIOSDADO P. BANATAO (May 26, 1946)
Known by many as the “Bill Gates of the Philippines,”
Diosdado “Dado” P Banatao Jr is an
engineer, inventor, entrepreneur, aviator,
and philanthropist from Iguig, Cagayan
Valley. Also known as the founder of the
Philippine Development Foundation,
Dado Banatao Educational Foundation,
and Banatao Filipino-American Fund as well as the founder and
managing partner of the highly successful Silicon Valley-based
firm Tallwood Venture Capital. In his heyday, he created the PC
chipset and the Windows Graphics accelerator chip, which can
be found in every personal computer today. By 1981, he
designed his second invention, which is the first 10-Mbit
Ethernet CMOS with silicon coupler data-link control and
transreceiver chip under the company SEEQ Technology.
PhilDev is a nonprofit, innovation organization that accelerates science and technology for
national development through initiatives, programs and partnerships.

MAGDALENA SMITH VILLARUZ (1934)

She is an entrepreneur and inventor from the Philippines. Originally
a rice farmer. In the 1960s she designed and produced a machine called
the Turtle Power Tiller, a tractor with a float. It is capable of tilling soil
in the most rain-sodden fields (rice-paddies). Magdalena
now heads a large company that manufactures and markets
the machine in many tropical countries. A prolific inventor,
she is the holder of many patents for agricultural equipment.
In addition, she is very active in inventor organisations in the
Philippines, and was the first woman
Turtle Power Tiller
to win the Philippines Inventor of the
Year Award (1986). Then in 1995 she was awarded the
World Intellectual Property Organisation’s gold medal, in
recognition of being the most outstanding woman inventor in the Philippines.

GREGORIO ZARA (March 08, 1902–October 15, 1978)

 He was a Filipino scientist best known as the inventor of
the videophone, the first two-way electronic video
communicator, in 1955. All told, he patented 30 devices.
His other inventions ranged from an alcohol-powered
airplane engine to a solar-powered water heater and
stove .He was the assistant and chief Aeronautical
Engineer in the Bureau of Aeronautics at the Department
of National Defense in 1936. Dr. Zara was probably the
most productive among Filipino Inventors with 30 device
inventions
patented under
his name.
A videophone is a telephone with a video screen, and is
capable of full duplex (bi-directional) video and audio
transmissions for communication between people in
real-time. It is the earliest form of videotelephony.

ARTURO ALCARAZ (March 21, 1916-

March 10, 2001)
He was a Filipino volcanologist who specialized
in geothermal energy development. Born in
Manila, Alcaraz is best-known as the
Philippines' "Father of Geothermal Energy
Development" due to his contributions to
studies about Philippine volcanology and the
energy derived from volcanic sources. His main
contribution was the study and establishment of geothermal
power plants in the Philippines. In the 1980s, the
Philippines attained the second-highest geothermal
generating capacity in the world, in great part due to
Alcaraz's contributions.
The heat is called geothermal energy. People can capture
geothermal energy through: Geothermal power plants,
which use heat from deep inside the Earth to generate steam
to make electricity. Geothermal heat pumps, which tap into heat close to the Earth's surface to
heat water or provide heat for buildings.

Dr. Fe Del Mundo (27 November 1911 – 6 August 2011)

“A Woman of “Firsts”

 First woman pediatrician to be admitted to Harvard

Medical School in 1936.
 First woman to be named National Scientist of the
Philippines in 1980.
 Founded the first pediatric hospital in the Philippines,
then Children Medical Center, and now Fe Del Mundo
Medical Center.
 Credited with studies that lead to the invention of the
first incubator and jaundice-relieving device.
 Received the Elizabeth Blackwell Award as a “Woman
Doctor of World Renown”.
 Received the Ramon Magsaysay Award for “Outstanding Public Service”.
 Received the 15th International Congress of Pediatrics Award as the “Most Outstanding
Pediatrician and Humanitarian” in 1977.

In a bid to help families in rural

communities without electricity, Del
Mundo invented a bamboo incubator in
1941. According to a biographical
report on Del Mundo by the Philippine
Center for Investigative Journalism, the
physician’s makeshift incubator was
composed of two native laundry baskets
made of bamboo. Made of different
sizes, the baskets were “placed one
inside the other.” She would then put
hot water bottles all around and between
the baskets to regulate the body
temperature of babies. “I put a little
hood over it and attached oxygen for the baby,” she said. “We had to do with whatever was
available.” However, we were not able to find any photo of the incubator (or know where its
remains lie today).
It was reported that it was Del Mundo’s objective of making inventions that are inexpensive and
can be reproduced by people who have limited access to medical centers.

Marc Loinaz, Ph.D

Dr. Marc Loinaz was born in Manila, Philippines and grew up
in Makati City. He is an electrical engineer who lives and
works in Silicon Valley. He received a B.S. degree in
Electrical Engineering from the University of Pennsylvania
and M.S. and Ph.D. degrees, in the same field, from Stanford
University. Dr. Loinaz was a member of the research staff at
Bell Laboratories where he led a team that demonstrated the
world’s first single- chip color digital video camera in 1997.
In 2001 he co-founded Aeluros Inc., a semiconductor
company that pioneered 10-Gb/s serial communication chips
that are now widely used in cloud computing facilities.

The inventor of the one-chip video camera was Marc Loinaz,

a Filipino resident of New Jersey who works with Lucent Technologies. He was featured in the
July 1999 issue of Discover Magazine.

Dr. Leonardo Gasendo: The inexhaustible inventor

Dr. Leonardo Gasendo, a US-based chemical engineer who

graduated from Adamson University in 1950, was therefore
elated when his Long Distance Electric Vehicle (LDEV)
invention was finally granted U.S. Patent No. 8,522,903 by
the United States Patent and Trademark Office on September
3, 2013. Gasendo Technologies USA (GTUSA), the
company that the 2007 Outstanding Adamsonian awardee
established, created the LDEV as a self-charging electricity-
powered vehicle that is enabled to travel multiple roundtrips
from New York to Los Angeles without exhausting the
electrical charge of the onboard battery. Its two onboard
battery chargers (KEC and KER) convert wheel vibrations
and cruising speed respectively into large quantities of
electricity. The electricity gathered in turn charges the
onboard battery during transit. During downhill trips, the
onboard KEC and KER convert the earth's gravity into
electricity for also charging the onboard battery.
 The LDEV is made up of a body having a
drive train, an onboard battery inside the body,
four wheels mechanically attached to the body,
an onboard energy converter inside the body
which further comprises a lever arm
mechanically connected to each wheel, a toothed
gear mechanically connected to the lever arm, a
pair of circular gears intermeshed with the
toothed gear, a flywheel mechanically connected
to a power generator, and an onboard energy
recycler.

Elma Arboleras –iBUS

Elma Arboleras received a reward she did not expect.

Her invention dubbed as the iBUS won a gold medal for
the consumer category at the British Invention Show.
The BIS is on its 11th year of bringing together
inventors, innovators and designers in a platform that
will enable them to promote and advance their ideas.

iBUS or Intelligent BUS Utility System will work by

using machine readable tags to digitally identify a
vehicle for it to be part of a database. Its daily operation
will be managed through computers.

“Our system offers a level playing field for everyone

involved because we kept in mind everyone involved in
our traffic problem: the bus drivers, the enforcers, the
operators, the commuters,” said Arboleras. 

She added: “It’s the first patented bus monitoring and

management system in the Philippines so this would
make the buses load and unload passengers in the proper
designated areas only.”

The iBUS system can organize the buses based on the

machine readable tags. It can group the buses and
allocate designated stop or pick up points. It will also
impose a time limit on a bus stop usage. The bus will be
programmed to stop and open its doors at allocated areas
only. It also prides on the Real Time Location System (RTLS) to track the buses and project the
exact arrival of buses in the designated loading and unloading areas. While she already received
offers to buy the patent of the iBUS to be implemented abroad, she turned down the offer. She
wanted Philippines to be the first to benefit from it.