A: Nucleic Acids Metabolism C: Respiration

FRAC Classification of Fungicides C1: complex I NADH Oxido-reductase C4: complex III Group 21 C7: ATP transport C8: inhibition of complex III
A1: RNA polymerase I A2: adenosine cytochrome bc1(ubiquinone reductase)
# 39 pyrimidinamines,pyrazole-MET1, quinazoline cytochrome bc1(ubiquinone reductase) at Qi site (proposed)
# 4: PA-fungicides (PhenylAmides) -deaminase # 21 QiI fungicides (Quinone inside Inhibitors) # 38 thiophene- carboxamides at Qo site stigmatellin binding sub site)
# 8: hydroxy # 45 QoSI-fungicide (stigmatellin binding)
cyano-imidazole sulfamoyl-triazole picolinamide
(2-amino)-pyrimidines

Fungal control agents by cross resistance pattern and mode of action 2020 (www.frac.info)
tolfenpyrad
diflumetorim fenazaquin
benalaxyl metalaxyl silthiofam

bupirimate
B: Cytoskeleton and Motor Proteins C: Respiration pyrimidinamine pyrazole-5-carboxamide quinazoline
Group 39
cyazofamid amisulbrom fenpicoxamid
Group 38
ametoctradin
triazolo-pyrimidylamine Group 45

furalaxyl
B1:  ß-tubulin assembly in mitosis B2:  ß-tubulin B4: C2: complex II: succinate-dehydrogenase C5: uncouplers of oxidative C6: inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation, ATP synthase
# 1: MBC fungicides # 7 SDHI (Succinate DeHydrogenase Inhibitors)b Phosphorylation # 29 # 30 organo tins
acylalanines assembly in mitosis* cell division
(= Methyl Benzimidazole Carbamates) # 10 N-phenyl carbamates
benalaxyl-M metalaxyl-M
benzimidazoles
(unknown site)
2,6-dinitro-
# 20 phenylureas aniline
dimethirimol pyrazole - 4 -
meptyl dinocap
thiophanates fluxapyroxad carboxamides fluindapyr
dinitrophenyl
fuberidazole
crotonates
fentin acetate fentin chloride fentin hydroxide
thiophanate- binapacryl fluazinam
sedaxane
Group 29 Group 30
methyl furametpyr bixafen
benomyl thiabendazole diethofencarb
ofurace oxadixyl
pencycuron
C3: complex III cytochrome bc1 (ubiquinol oxidase) at Qo site (cyt b gene)
phenyl-oxo-ethyl
ethirimol * negative cross-resistance to B1 # 11 QoI fungicides ( Quinone outside Inhibitors )
butyrolactones thiophene amide inpyrfluxam
oxazolidinones thiophanate penflufen penthiopyrad isopyrazam # 11A QoI fungicides
carbendazim ( Quinone outside
Group 4 Group 8 Group 1 Group 10 Group 20
thiazole - pyridinyl - ethyl - oximino- Inhibitors );
carboxamides benzovindiflupyr methoxy- acetamides Subgroup A
benzamides pyrametostrobin
enoxystrobin acrylates
flutolanil
A3: DNA / RNA synthesis (prop.) A4: DNA B3: B5: delocalisation B6: actin/myosin/fimbrin function
# 32: heteroaromatics topoisomerase ß-tubulin assembly in mitosis of spectrin-like proteins # 47 cyanoacrylates # 50 aryl-phenyl-ketones
isofetamid
pyrazine – fenaminstrobin
carboxamides coumoxystrobin
# 22 benzamides and # 43 benzamides isoflucypram
type II (gyrase) thiazole carboxamides benodanil
picoxystrobin azoxystrobin

# 31: carboxylic acids pyridinylmethyl-benzamide N-cyclopropyl-N-

fluopyram Benzyl-pyrazole-
orysastrobin metominostrobin
benzophenone thifluzamide carboxamides flufenoxystrobin triclopyricarb
pyraoxystrobin tetrazolinones
pyridine -
carboxamides pyraziflumid
dimoxystrobin
fluopimomide phenamacril pyriofenone metyltetraprole
hymexazole octhilinone oxycarboxin mepronil
oxolinic acid zoxamide pydiflumetofen
aminocyanoacrylates benzoylpyridine phenyl- kresoxim-methyl famoxadone
(bactericide) fluoxastrobin tetrazolinones
oxathiin - benzamides
isoxazoles isothiazolones toluamide oxazolidine-
ethaboxam carboxamides N-methoxy-(phenyl- oximino- dihydro-
metrafenone diones pyraclostrobin
ethyl)-pyrazole- acetates dioxazines
carboxin methoxy-carbamates
ethylamino-thiazole carboxamides
fluopicolide mandestrobin fenamidone pyribencarb
Group 32 Group 31 carboxamide Group 43 Group 47 / 50 boscalid trifloxystrobin
Group 22 fenfuram
Group
Group 7 methoxy-acetamides imidazolinones benzyl-carbamates Group 11 11A
furan-carboxamides

D: Amino Acid and Protein Synthesis E: Signal Transduction F: Lipid Synthesis or Transport / Membrane Integrity or Function I: Melanin Synthesis in Cell Wall
D1: methionine biosynthesis D2: protein synthesis D3: protein synthesis E1: signal transduction (mechanism unknown) E3: osmotic signal transduction F2: phospholipid biosynthesis F3: cell peroxidation (prop.) F4: cell membrane permeability, F9: lipid homeostasis I1: reductase in I2: dehydratase in I3: polyketide
(cgs gene) (proposed) (ribosome, termination step) (ribosome, initiation step) #13 azanaphthalenes  MAP / histidine kinase (os-1, Daf1)  methyltransferase # 14 aromatic hydrocarbons & heteroaromatics fatty acids (prop.) and transfer/storage melanin biosynthesis melanin biosynthesis synthase in
# 9 Anilino-Pyrimidines # 23 enopyranuronic acid # 24 hexopyranosyl antibiotics aryloxyquinoline quinazolinone # 2 dicarboximides # 6 phosphorothiolates & dithiolanes # 28 carbamates # 49 OSBPI Oxysterol binding # 16.1 Melanin Biosynthesis # 16.2 Melanin Biosynthesis melanin
( AP fungicides ) protein homologue inhibition Inhibitors: Reductase (MBI-R) Inhibitors: Dehydratase (MBI-D)
biosynthesis
aromatic isobenzo- carboxamide # 16.3 Melanin
hydrocarbons furanone Biosynthesis
Inhibitors: Polyketide
phosphorothiolates synthase (MBI-P)
dicloran
prothiocarb propamocarb
quinoxyfen proquinazid trifluoroethyl-
cyprodinil iprodione fthalide diclocymet
blasticidin-S kasugamycin carbamate
pyrazophos
tecnazene quintozene
Group 23 Group 24 Group 13 oxathiapiprolin pyrrolo- cyclopropane
(TCNB) (PCNB) iodocarb quinolione carboxamide
chlozolinate
Group 28
D4: protein synthesis D5: protein synthesis E2: osmotic signal transduction iprobenfos

(ribosome, initiation step) (ribosome, elongation step)  MAP / histidine- kinase (os-2, HOG1) biphenyl F7: cell membrane F8: ergosterol
# 25 glucopyranosyl antibiotics # 41 tetracycline antibiotics # 12 phenylpyrroles (PP- fungicides) vinclozolin disruption binding carpropamid tolprocarb
mepanipyrim edifenphos dithiolanes pyroquilon
tolclofos- # 46 plant extract # 48 polyene
methyl chloroneb
Melaleuca triazolobenzo- propionamide
procymidone alternifolia thiazole
(Tea Tree Extract) fluoxapiproline

Plant oils (mixtures)

eugenol, geraniol Piperidinyl thiazole - isoxazoline
dimethachlone iso-
oxytetracycline fenpiclonil fludioxonil etridiazole thymol natamycin
pyrimethanil streptomycin prothiolane tricyclazole fenoxanil
(bactericide) (pimaricin)
(bactericide)
1,2,4-thiadiazole
Group 9 Group 25 Group 41 Group 12 Group 2 Group 6 Group 14 Group 46 Group 48 Group 49 Group 16.1 Group 16.2 Group 16.3

G: Sterol Biosynthesis in Membranes H: Cell Wall Biosynthesis P: Host Plant Defence Induction M: Chemicals with Multi-Site Activity
#M6 sulphamides
G1: C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis (erg11/cyp51) G2:14-reductase and 8→ 7-isomerase in sterol H4: chitin synthase H5: cellulose synthase P1: salicylate related P3: salicylate related P5: anthraquinone P7: phosphonates
# 3 DMI-fungicides (DeMethylation Inhibitors) biosynthesis (erg2, erg 24) # 19 Polyoxins # 40 Carboxylic Acid Amides #P01 benzothiodiazole BTH #P03 thiadiazole carboxamide elicitors #P07 phosphonates
(SBI : Class I) # 5 Amines(“Morpholines”) (SBI : Class II) (CAA fungicides)
Peptidyl
Pyrimidine Reynoutria #P05 ethyl- Cu S
triazoles piperazines sachalinensis plant extract phosphonates
nucleoside copper
cinnamic acid preparations Sulphur chlorothalonil anilazine dithianon
(Giant Knotweed
amides Extract)
piperidines Group M01 Group M02 Group M05 Group M08 Group M09
etaconazole
isotianil fosetyl-al inorganic inorganic chloronitriles triazines anthraquinones
acibenzolar- Group P05 fosetyl-al (unspecified mechanism) (electrophiles)
(electrophiles) (electrophiles) (unspecified mechanism)
dimethomorph S-methyl
Polyoxin
fenpropidin Phosphorous
azaconazole ipconazole pyridines triforine P6: microbial elicitors acid
Group 19 Group P01 #P06 H3PO3 Group M12
flumorph
piperalin thiocarbamates
fenbuconazole tebuconazole Bacterial (electrophiles)
aldimorph P2: salicylate related tiadinil Bacillus Bacillus spp. phosphorous
pyrimorph #P02 benzothiazole mycoides acid methasulfocarb
Group P07 dichlofluanid chinomethionat
spiroketal-amines Group P03
bitertanol metconazole pyrifenox (Isolate J) Group M10
fenpropimorph valinamide
carbamates quinoxalines
P4: polysaccharide NC : Not Classified mancozeb
(electrophiles)
fluquinconazole tetraconazole pyrimidines Fungal ferbam
pyrisoxazole elicitors Saccharomyces captan
tridemorph mandipropamid
benthiavalicarb Cell walls of spp.
Saccharomyces tolylfluanid
morpholines febram zinc thiazole
spiroxamine mandelic acid probenazole cerevisiae Mineral oils, organic
bromuconazole myclobutanil mancozeb Group M06
amides #P04 Strain LAS117 oils, inorganic salts
dodemorph
iprovalicarb valifenalate
polysaccharide material of biological sulphamides
origin (electrophiles)
laminarin propineb
flusilazole triadimefon nuarimol
Group 5 Group 40 Group P02 Group P04 Group P06 fluoroimide
.
captafol Group M11
mixture of
G3:3-keto reductase G4: squalene epoxidase in metiram maneb iminoctadine
maleimides
propineb (electrophiles)
cyproconazole in C4-de-methylation sterol biosynthesis (erg1)
penconazole imidazoles fenarimol

(erg27) # 18 (SBI : Class IV)

Unknown Mode of Action BM: Biologicals with Multiple Modes of Action and other
polyamines

# 17 (KRI fungicides •Temporary status; information on mode of action and / or resistance risk is still uncertain zineb
flutriafol triadimenol guazatine
KetoReductase BM 02: microbial (living microbes or extract, metabolites) folpet
Inhibitors) (SBI : Class III) allylamines
Group M04 Group M07
hydroxyanilides fungal thiram ziram
difenoconazole propiconazole Pseudomonas Group M03 phthalimides
iminoctadine
imazalil Trichoderma spp. Bacillus subtilis bis-guanidines
Trichoderma chlororaphis dithiocarbamates & relatives (electrophiles) (electrophiles) (membrane disruptors, detergents)
terbinafine (strain AFS032321)
atroviride Bacillus
(strain AFS009) amyloliquefaciens
hexaconazole triticonazole triflumizole cymoxanil teclofthalam triazoxide flusulfamide diclomezine cyflufenamid (strain SC1) Trichoderma (strain QST713 Mode of action of fungicides based on the FRAC
naftifine atroviride
bacterial strain FZB24 fungicide list (published at
Legend:
Group 27 Group 34 Group 35 Group 36 Group 37 Group 06 Pseudomonas spp. strain MBI600 www.frac.info/publications )
thiocarbamates
diniconazole simeconazole
pefurazoate
fenhexamid
cyanoacetamide-oxime phthalamic acid benzotriazines benzene-sulfonamides pyridazinones phenyl acetamides
Trichoderma
(strain I-1237)
Trichoderma
bacterial strain D747
Bacillus spp. strain F727) The groupings can change when new results C: Respiration mode of action group
atroviride atroviride become known. Yellow zones represent accepted
amino- mode of action groups or in cases where resistance sub-group
pyrazolinones (strain LU132) is known, cross resistance groups. In spite of this C2: inhibition of complex II:
mefentrifluconazole
(strain T34) BM 01: plant extract general classification, cases of incomplete or even  succinate-dehydrogenase  target site of action
imibenconazole oxpoconazole Streptomyces Clonostachys lacking cross resistance are known within some (where known) or putative
lydicus rosea groups with some pathogens. # 7 SDHI (Succinate target site (=prop.)
pyributicarb H2N
H
N Extract from the dehydrogenase inhibitors)
(herbicide) (strain (strain CR-7) cotyledons of Although details presented herein are accurate to FRAC code no. (#)
tebufloquin Gliocladium
+ Extract from
epoxiconazole prochloraz ferimzone picarbutrazox validamycin dodine NH2 our knowledge at the time of publication, neither and group name
fenpyrazamine flutianil WYEC108) O lupine plantlets Swinglea glutinosa
prothioconazole Streptomyces catenulatum FRAC nor its member companies make any
triazolinthione griseovirides representation or warranty with regard to the
Group U13 Group U14 Group U16 Group U17 Group U18 Group U12 O thiazole carboxamides chemical (sub-) group
Group 3 Group 17 Group 18 fungal (BLAD) content of this presentation, in particular with
cyano- bacterial (strain J1446)
pyrimidinone- 4-quinolyl acetate tetrazolyloxime glucopyranosyl guanidines (strain K61) Streptomyces spp. Clonostachys spp. regard to its correctness and completeness.
methylene thiazolidine hydrazones antibiotic polypeptide phenols, sesquiterpenes, Neither FRAC nor its member companies assume
lectin triterpenoids, coumarins any liability for the content of this presentation or its
FRAC Mode of Action Poster © This version was updated in February 2020 use.