A: Nucleic Acids Metabolism C: Respiration

FRAC Classification of Fungicides C1: complex I NADH Oxido-reductase C4: complex III Group 21 C8: inhibition of complex III
A1: RNA polymerase I A2: adenosine cytochrome bc1(ubiquinone reductase)
# 39 pyrimidinamines,pyrazole-MET1, quinazoline cytochrome bc1(ubiquinone reductase) at Qi site
# 4: PA-fungicides (PhenylAmides) -deaminase at Qo site stigmatellin binding sub site)
# 21 QiI fungicides (Quinone inside Inhibitors)
# 8: hydroxy # 45 QoSI-fungicide (stigmatellin binding)
cyano-imidazole sulfamoyl-triazole picolinamide
(2-amino)-pyrimidines

Fungal control agents by cross resistance pattern and mode of action 2022 (www.frac.info)
tolfenpyrad
diflumetorim fenazaquin
benalaxyl metalaxyl

bupirimate
B: Cytoskeleton and Motor Proteins C: Respiration pyrimidinamine pyrazole-5-carboxamide quinazoline
Group 39
cyazofamid amisulbrom
fenpicoxamid florylpicoxamid ametoctradin
triazolo-pyrimidylamine Group 45

B1: tubulin polymerization B2: tubulin B4: C5: uncouplers of oxidative C6: inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation, C7: ATP transport
furalaxyl C2: complex II: succinate-dehydrogenase
# 1: MBC fungicides polymerization*
acylalanines
cell division # 7 SDHI (Succinate DeHydrogenase Inhibitors) Phosphorylation # 29 ATP synthase (proposed)
benzimidazoles (= Methyl Benzimidazole Carbamates) # 10 N-phenyl carbamates # 38 thiophene- carboxamides
benalaxyl-M metalaxyl-M
(unknown site) # 30 organo tins
# 20 phenylureas 2,6-dinitro-
aniline
dimethirimol pyrazole - 4 -
meptyl dinocap
fluxapyroxad carboxamides fluindapyr
fuberidazole fentin acetate fentin hydroxide
dinitrophenyl
thiophanate- crotonates
methyl
binapacryl fluazinam fentin chloride silthiofam
furametpyr sedaxane Group 29 Group 30 Group 38
benomyl thiabendazole thiophanates diethofencarb bixafen
ofurace oxadixyl
pencycuron
butyrolactones thiophanate
C3: complex III cytochrome bc1 (ubiquinol oxidase) at Qo site (cyt b gene)
oxazolidinones Group 4 phenyl-oxo-ethyl
ethirimol
*negative cross-resistance to B1 phenylurea thiophene amide # 11 QoI fungicides ( Quinone outside Inhibitors )
penflufen penthiopyrad isopyrazam inpyrfluxam # 11A QoI fungicides
carbendazim Group 1
A3: DNA / RNA A4: DNA Group 10 Group 20
( Quinone outside
Group 8 Inhibitors );
synthesis (prop.) topoisomerase B3: B5: delocalisation thiazole - pyridinyl - ethyl -
benzovindiflupyr cyclobutrifluram methoxy-
oximino-
carboxamides benzamides acetamides pyrametostrobin Subgroup A
# 32: heteroaromatics type II (gyrase) of spectrin-like proteins enoxastrobin acrylates
A5: inhibition tubulin polymerization B6: actin/myosin/fimbrin function B7:
# 31: carboxylic acids # 22 benzamides and # 43 benzamides # 47 cyanoacrylates # 50 aryl-phenyl-ketones
of dihydroorotate tubulin dynamics pyrazine – phenyl-cyclobutyl
benodanil fenaminstrobin
thiazole carboxamides isofetamid carboxamides pyridineamide coumoxystrobin
dehydrogenase within modulator isoflucypram picoxystrobin azoxystrobin
de novo pyrimidine # 53 pyridazine
N-cyclopropyl-N-
fluopyram Benzyl-pyrazole-
biosynthesis thifluzamide carboxamides flufenoxystrobin orysastrobin metominostrobin
triclopyricarb
hymexazole pyraoxystrobin
# 52: DHODHI-fungicides tetrazolinones
isoxazoles
fluopimomide pyriofenone pyridine - phenyl-
phenamacril pyraziflumid mepronil
zoxamide carboxamides benzamides dimoxystrobin
oxolinic acid pyridinylmethyl aminocyanoacrylates benzoylpyridine
metyltetraprole
(bactericide) toluamide benzamides pyridachlometyl oxycarboxin
kresoxim-methyl famoxadone
fluoxastrobin
oxathiin -
carboxamides oxazolidine-
pyridazine oximino- dihydro- pyraclostrobin
ipflufenoquin diones
octhilinone ethaboxam carboxin pydiflumetofen acetates dioxazines
metrafenone methoxy-carbamates
fluopicolide flutolanil mandestrobin fenamidone pyribencarb
isothiazolones boscalid fenfuram trifloxystrobin
ethylamino-thiazole benzophenone N-methoxy-(phenyl-
Group Group 52 Group 22 Group 43 Group 47 Group 50 Group 53 Group 7 methoxy-acetamides imidazolinones benzyl-carbamates Group 11 Group 11A
Group 32 31 carboxamide furan-carboxamides ethyl)-pyrazole-carboxamides

D: Amino Acid and Protein Synthesis E: Signal Transduction F: Lipid Synthesis or Transport / Membrane Integrity or Function I: Melanin Synthesis in Cell Wall
D1: methionine biosynthesis D2: protein synthesis D3: protein synthesis E1: signal transduction (mechanism unknown) E3: osmotic signal transduction F2: phospholipid biosynthesis F3: cell peroxidation (prop.) F4: cell membrane permeability, F9: lipid homeostasis I1: reductase in I2: dehydratase in I3: polyketide
(cgs gene) (proposed) (ribosome, termination step) (ribosome, initiation step) #13 azanaphthalenes  MAP / histidine kinase (os-1, Daf1)  methyltransferase # 14 aromatic hydrocarbons & heteroaromatics fatty acids (prop.) and transfer/storage melanin biosynthesis melanin biosynthesis synthase in
# 9 Anilino-Pyrimidines # 23 enopyranuronic acid # 24 hexopyranosyl antibiotics aryloxyquinoline quinazolinone # 2 dicarboximides # 6 phosphorothiolates & dithiolanes # 28 carbamates # 49 OSBPI Oxysterol binding # 16.1 Melanin Biosynthesis # 16.2 Melanin Biosynthesis melanin
( AP fungicides ) protein homologue inhibition Inhibitors: Reductase (MBI-R) Inhibitors: Dehydratase (MBI-D)
biosynthesis
aromatic isobenzo- carboxamide # 16.3 Melanin
hydrocarbons furanone Biosynthesis
Inhibitors: Polyketide
phosphorothiolates synthase (MBI-P)
dicloran
prothiocarb propamocarb
quinoxyfen proquinazid trifluoroethyl-
cyprodinil iprodione fthalide diclocymet
blasticidin-S kasugamycin carbamate
pyrazophos
tecnazene quintozene
Group 23 Group 24 Group 13 (TCNB) oxathiapiprolin pyrrolo- cyclopropane
(PCNB) iodocarb quinolione carboxamide
Group 28
chlozolinate
D4: protein synthesis D5: protein synthesis E2: osmotic signal transduction iprobenfos

(ribosome, initiation step) (ribosome, elongation step)  MAP / histidine- kinase (os-2, HOG1) biphenyl F8: ergosterol F10: interaction with lipid
# 25 glucopyranosyl antibiotics # 41 tetracycline antibiotics # 12 phenylpyrroles (PP- fungicides) vinclozolin binding fraction of cell membrane,
carpropamid tolprocarb
mepanipyrim edifenphos dithiolanes
tolclofos- # 48 polyene with multiple effects on cell pyroquilon
methyl chloroneb membrane integrity
# 51 protein fragment triazolobenzo- propionamide
procymidone thiazole
fluoxapiproline

Polypeptide
Piperidinyl thiazole - isoxazoline
dimethachlone iso- natamycin ASFBIOF01-02
oxytetracycline fenpiclonil fludioxonil etridiazole
pyrimethanil streptomycin prothiolane (pimaricin) tricyclazole fenoxanil
(bactericide)
(bactericide)
1,2,4-thiadiazole
Group 9 Group 25 Group 41 Group 12 Group 2 Group 6 Group 14 Group 48 polypeptide Group 51 Group 49 Group 16.1 Group 16.2 Group 16.3

G: Sterol Biosynthesis in Membranes H: Cell Wall Biosynthesis P: Host Plant Defence Induction M: Chemicals
#M6 with Multi-Site Activity
sulphamides
G1: C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis (erg11/cyp51) G2: 14-reductase and  8→  7-isomerase in sterol H4: chitin synthase H5: cellulose synthase P1: salicylate related P3: salicylate related P5: anthraquinone P7: phosphonates
# 3 DMI-fungicides (DeMethylation Inhibitors) biosynthesis (erg2, erg 24) # 19 Polyoxins # 40 Carboxylic Acid Amides #P01 benzothiodiazole BTH #P03 thiadiazole carboxamide elicitors #P07 phosphonates
(SBI : Class I) # 5 Amines(“Morpholines”) (SBI : Class II) (CAA fungicides)
Peptidyl
Pyrimidine Reynoutria #P05 ethyl- Cu S
triazoles piperazines sachalinensis plant extract phosphonates
nucleoside copper
cinnamic acid preparations Sulphur chlorothalonil anilazine dithianon
(Giant Knotweed
amides Extract)
piperidines Group M01 Group M02 Group M05 Group M08 Group M09
etaconazole
isotianil fosetyl-al inorganic inorganic chloronitriles triazines anthraquinones
acibenzolar- Group P05 fosetyl-al (unspecified mechanism) (electrophiles)
S-methyl (electrophiles) (electrophiles) (unspecified mechanism)
Polyoxin dimethomorph
fenpropidin Phosphorous
azaconazole ipconazole pyridines triforine P6: microbial elicitors acid
Group 19 Group P01 #P06 H3PO3 Group M12
flumorph
piperalin thiocarbamates
fenbuconazole tebuconazole Bacterial (electrophiles)
aldimorph P2: salicylate related tiadinil Bacillus Bacillus spp. phosphorous
pyrimorph #P02 benzothiazole mycoides acid methasulfocarb
Group P07 dichlofluanid chinomethionat
spiroketal-amines Group P03 amobam
bitertanol metconazole pyrifenox (Isolate J) Group M10
fenpropimorph valinamide P8: salicylate related
carbamates quinoxalines
#P08 isothiazole
P4: polysaccharide mancozeb
(electrophiles)
fluquinconazole tetraconazole pyrimidines Fungal ferbam
pyrisoxazole elicitors Saccharomyces captan
tridemorph mandipropamid
benthiavalicarb Cell walls of spp.
Saccharomyces tolylfluanid
morpholines febram zinc thiazole
spiroxamine mandelic acid probenazole cerevisiae mancozeb
bromuconazole myclobutanil Group M06
amides #P04 Strain LAS117
dodemorph
iprovalicarb valifenalate polysaccharide sulphamides
dichlobentiazox
laminarin (electrophiles)
Group 40 Group P02 Group P04 Group P06 propineb
flusilazole triadimefon nuarimol Group 5 Group P08 fluoroimide
.
captafol Group M11
mixture of
G3:3-keto reductase G4: squalene epoxidase in metiram maneb iminoctadine
maleimides
cyproconazole propineb (electrophiles)
penconazole imidazoles fenarimol in C4-de-methylation
(erg27)
sterol biosynthesis (erg1)
# 18 (SBI : Class IV)
Unknown Mode of Action BM: Biologicals with Multiple Modes of Action and other
polyamines

# 17 (KRI fungicides •Temporary status; information on mode of action and / or resistance risk is still uncertain zineb
flutriafol triadimenol guazatine
KetoReductase BM 01: plant extract BM 02: microbial folpet
Inhibitors) (SBI : Class III) allylamines (strains of living microbes or extract, metabolites)
Group M04 Group M07
hydroxyanilides thiram ziram
difenoconazole propiconazole Group M03 phthalimides
iminoctadine
imazalil Polypeptide bis-guanidines
Fungal Fungal Bacterial dithiocarbamates & relatives (electrophiles) (electrophiles) (membrane disruptors, detergents)
terbinafine (lectin)
Trichoderma spp. Clonostachys spp. Bacillus spp.

hexaconazole triticonazole triflumizole cymoxanil tecloftalam triazoxide flusulfamide diclomezine cyflufenamid Bacterial Mode of action of fungicides based on the FRAC
naftifine Erwinia spp. NC : Not Specified fungicide list (FRAC Code List ©, published at Legend:
Group 27 Group 34 Group 35 Group 36 Group 37 Group 06 (peptide) www.frac.info/publications )
fenhexamid thiocarbamates Phenols,
diniconazole simeconazole
pefurazoate
cyanoacetamide-oxime phthalamic acid benzotriazines benzene-sulfonamides pyridazinones phenyl acetamides Sesquiterpenes,
Triterpenoids, Fungal Fungal Bacterial
The groupings can change when new results
become known. Colour coded boxes with same
C: Respiration mode of action group

Pseudomonas spp. group code represent accepted mode of action sub-group

amino- Coumarins Coniothyrium spp. Hanseniaspora spp.
groups or, in cases where resistance is known,
pyrazolinones
cross resistance groups. In spite of this general
C2: inhibition of complex II:  target site of action
imibenconazole
m efentrifluconazole
oxpoconazole Bacterial classification, cases of incomplete or even lacking  succinate-dehydrogenase (where known) or
Terpene Gluconobacter spp. Mineral oils, organic cross resistance are known within some groups # 7 SDHI (Succinate putative
oils, inorganic salts with some pathogens. target site (=prop.)
pyributicarb Hydrocarbons, dehydrogenase inhibitors)
material of biological
(herbicide) Terpene alcohols Bacterial
tebufloquin origin Although details presented herein are accurate to FRAC code no. (#)
epoxiconazole prochloraz fenpyrazamine ferimzone picarbutrazox validamycin dodine and Fungal Fungal Streptomyces spp. and group name
flutianil our knowledge at the time of publication, neither
prothioconazole triazolinthione Terpene phenols Saccharomyces spp. Talaromyces spp. FRAC nor its member companies make any
Group U13 Group U14 Group U16 Group U17 Group U18 Group U12 chemical (sub-) group
Group 3 Group 17 Group 18 representation or warranty with regard to the thiazole carboxamides
cyano- pyrimidinone- glucopyranosyl guanidines content of this presentation, in particular with
4-quinolyl acetate tetrazolyloxime
methylene thiazolidine BM01 regard to its correctness and completeness.
hydrazones antibiotic Group Group BM02 Neither FRAC nor its member companies assume
FRAC Mode of Action Poster © This version was updated on the 21 st of April 2022 Group NC any liability for the content of this presentation or its
use.