Pretest

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7. The distinct geology of cape cod began ….. about 50,000 years ago

Formed (to form)

9. A Rand, ….. deal with the nature of capitalism in a democracy, is often taught in introductory courses
in economics.

Whose many of/ whose of many (many of whose)

10. many modern critics of American literature have called mark twain, born Samuel Clemens, ….

Was Americas greatest writer (as Americas greatest writer)

11. ……., her teaching, and her writing, salma helped preserve the traditions and customs of her native
culture.

By researching , (through her research)

13. born in 1942, she became ….. elected to the congress of the united states.

First African-american woman who was (the first African-american woman to be)

15. although …… a successful film, nne of her other works have to date been adapted to the film format.

Amy tan’s best known novel, the joy luck club, made

(amy tan’s best known novel, the joy luck club, was made into)

16. the architecture exhibited in the Empire State Building and conveyed us an idea of the prevailing
attitudes of the day is important for the historical and cultural value it represents.

22. In 2001 Bush entered his first year office as president of the US

24. for many years ago, much of what was possible to know was derived from inspiration or divination
and did not involve the rational process of reasoning in wide use today.

Much of – many of ??

27. in the modern era, face-to-face communication is becoming near asuncommon ashand-written
letters.

Near as

28. Along northern most edge of the US runs the US/Canada border.

29. lost among the devastation of the tornado was the remains of the houses and buildings.

Was -> were

30. in contrast to its soft body and muscular feet, some mollusks have hard shells.

Foot ? feet ? what a differences?

31. in 1963, betty friedan’s expose of domesticity, the feminine mystique, becamean immediate
bestseller and creating a national sensation.

Immediate – immediately ?

32. homesteaders on the great plains brangfew possessions to their new home

Possessions -> wo s ??? few ?

33. of the three girls that recently joined the basketball team, frieda is the tallest.

34. sapphires weighing as much as two pounds have on occasion mined.

Much -> many ? how many pounds this sugar?

35. the deep oceans contain some of the stranger of all living creatures.

Deep -> deepest

36. a work of science fiction generally uses scientific discoveries and advanced technology, either real or
imaginary, as part of their plot.

Their -> its ?

40. newtonian physics accounts for the observingorb its of the planets and the moons

Independent clause (lesson 6)

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Done

Incomplete adj clause (Lesson 7)

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3. diamonds are often found in rock formations called pipes, ….. the throats of extinct volcanoes

Which resemble ? (they resemble)

Pipes – which resemble – koma nya 2 harusnya

Kalo they resemble, 2 clause, harusnya ada connector

5. seals appear clumsy on the land, ……. are able to move short distances faster than most people can
run.

But they ? (which)

Karena, connector, menjelaskan naun sebelumnya, yang dekat dengannya.

6. the instrument panel of a light airplane has at least a dozan instruments ….

What the pilot must watch , which the pilot must watch them, (the pilot must watch)

Which the pilot must watch -> reduction -> the pilot must watch

Khusus buat adj, adv clause

Kalo, the man who stands next to me is my husband

The man standing next to me is my husband -> dihilangkan jadi gerund

Kapan adj clause harus ada, kapan boleh hilang ?

7. a keystone species is a species of plants of animals ….. absence has a major effect on an ecological
system

That its, its (with its)

8. the size and shape of a nail depends primarily on he function …. Intended

Which it is (for which is) -> for which it is

Ini kaya greeted with, intended for

14. many of louise’s scluptures consisted of a number of large wooden structure ….. in complex patterns

Which arranged (which she arranged)

Incomplete Participal Phrase (Lesson 8)

106

1. The solitary scientist …. By himself has in many instances been replaced by a cooperative scientific
team

Making important discoveries ; has made important discoveries (important discoveries were made)

6. ….. for their strong fiber include flax and hemp

Plants grown ; plants are grown (plants that grow)

9. ….. in front of a camera lens changes the color of the light that reaches the film

Placing a filter ; placed a filter (a filter placed)

11. barbara … for her discovery of the mobility of genetic elements

Knowing (known)

13. I’ve just received a fax from the bookstore …. That the latest version of the accounting book written
by kelso will be available tomorrow
Notified ; notifies ; to notify (notifying)

Appositive (Lesson 9)

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2. the wassatch range, …… extends from southerastern Idaho into northern Utah.

A part of the rocky mountains, is a part of the rocky mountains (which is a part of the rocky mountains)

4. the organs of taste are the …… that are mainly located on the tongue.

Taste buds, are groups of cells ; taste buds, these are goups of cells ;(taste buds, groups of cells)

6. a group of shakers, …… settled around pleasant hill, Kentucky, in 1805

Were members of a strict religious sect (members of a strict religious sect)

Perlu ada kata kerja ngg ya? Settled around, artinya passive kan ya? Didirikan?

9. Jerome most famous work is showboat, ….. most enduring musical comedies

The finest one ; as the finest of the ; (one of the finest)

Lesson 10 Incomplete adverb clause

120

1. small sailboats can easily capsize,….. they are not handled carefully

IF ??? (but) – karena koma . ditengah.

3. …. Added to a liquid, antifreeze lowers the freezing temp of the liquid

When ?? (as is)

Reduced subject, tobe juga di hapus

8. …. Managed by an independent gov and board, the bank is owned by the gov

In spite of it ? (phrase?) (although)

Reduced clause S, tobe hilang

In spite of independent managemenet gov

11. cattle ranches are found almost …. In Utah

Wherever ? harus ada SV (everywhere)

14. …. Large bodies of water never freeze solid is that the sheet of ice on the surface protects the water
below it from the cold air
For the reason ? (the reason that- double that ??)

That 1, sbg adj con, that soal , noun clause