Kingdom of Cambodia

ិ
សកលវទ្យាល័ យអាស៉ុ៊ីអឺរ៉ុប
Nation Religion King
Asia Euro University

Assignment: Unit 1 No place like home

RESEARCH BY Asia Euro University

Student Batch23
Goup 1

1. Ol Sreynich ID: 53933

2. Hor ViRatha ID: 56674
3. Hai Savich ID: 54304
4. Nun Saret ID: 56959

ACADEMIC YEAR 2020-2021

 Contents

I. The tense system

II. English tense usage

III.Compound word

IV.Social expression
 Kingdom of Cambodia
ិ
សកលវទ្យាល័ យអាស៉ុ៊ីអឺរ៉ុប Nation Religion King
Asia Euro University

Tense system

By Ms. Ol Sreynich
 Unit1: No place like home

I. The tense system

There are 3 classes of verbs in English.

 Auxiliary verb

 Modal verb

 Full verb
 Auxiliary verb

– What is an auxiliary verb?

An auxiliary verb is a verb that adds function or grammatical meaning
to the clause in which it occurs, so as to express tense, aspect, modality,
voice, and emphasis.
 Be
 Do
 Have
  BE
1. Be is used to make continuous verb form.
Example:

Be+ verb+ -ing

2. Be is used to make the passive.
Example:
1. The office is cleaned everyday.
2. The storm had been expected.
 Do
1.Do/does/did are used in the Present Simple and the Past Simple.
Example: She doesn’t like Thai food. (negative)
When did they drop in? ( question)
2. Do/does/did are used to express emphasis when there is no other
auxiliary.
Example: ‘I wish he spoke English!’ ‘ He does speak English!’
We don’t care about money, but we do want a big house.
 Have
Have is used to make perfect verb forms.
I’ve never visited Japan.
The Storm will have ended soon.

Have and have got

1. Have and have got both express possession in the present.
Do you have any money? Have you got any money?
2. Have to can be replaced with have got to for present obligation.
Do you have to
go now?
Have you got to
I do. I have to catch the bus.
Yes,
I have. I’ve got to catch the bus.
3. Only forms of have (not have got) are used in all other tenses.
4. Have ( not have got) is used in many expressions.
Have breakfast have a bath have a party
have fun
Have a good day …
5. Have got is generally more informal. It is used more in spoken English
than in written English. However, they are often interchangeable.

Have with the do/does forms is more common in American English.

 Other uses of auxiliary verbs

1. In question tags.

2. In short answers. Yes or No alone can sound abrupt.

3. In reply question. These are not real question. They are used to show
that the listener is paying attention and is interested.
 Modal auxiliary verbs
• 2C = Can and Could
• 2S= Shall and Should
• 2W= Will and Would
• 3M= May, Might and Must
• Ought to and need
-They are auxiliary verbs because they ‘help’ other verbs. They are
different from be, do and have because they have their own meanings.
Example:
He must be at least 70. (=probability)
You must try hard.(=obligation)
Can you help me?(request)
I’ll help you.(=willingness)
 Full verb
It are all the other verbs in the language.
Run, cry, sad, work, study, write, eat, love, like and ect.
The verb be, do, and have can also be used as full verbs with their won
meanings.
 Kingdom of Cambodia
ិ
សកលវទ្យាល័ យអាស៉ុ៊ីអឺរ៉ុប
Nation Religion King
Asia Euro University

The tense using

By Mr. Hor ViRatha

 English tense usage
English tenses have two elements of meaning: time and aspect.
Time

1 The time referred to is usually obvious from the context.

Water freezes at zero degrees. (all time)
I’ll finish studying tonight. (future)
They went on a picnic yesterday. (past)

2 Sometimes a present tense form can refer to the future.

The train arrives at 9 p.m. tonight. (Present Simple for a timetable)

3 Sometimes a past tense form can refer to the present.

They wish they could go abroad.
 English tense usage

The simple aspect

1 The simple aspect describes an action or fact that is complete or
permanent, often an action or event that happens repeatedly.
I have blue eyes. (= permanent fact)
He’s already eaten dessert. (= completed action)
They phoned every day last week. (= repeated action)

2 Some verbs rarely use the continuous aspect.

Verbs of the mind know understand believe think mean

Verbs of emotions love hate like prefer care

Verbs of possession have own belong

Certain other verbs cost need contain depend
 English tense usage

3 The simple aspect expresses a completed action.

I’ve posted two letters today.

Completed actions
He visited five countries last year.

We must use the simple if we mention a number that refers to

‘things done’.

Make the sentences.

1 We / watch / two films / yesterday We watched two films yesterday.

2 He / leave / work at 2 on Fridays He leaves work at 2 on Fridays.
 English tense usage

The continuous aspect

1 The continuous aspect expresses the ongoing nature of an activity.

We’ve been living here for months. (and we still are)

Why is he shouting? (in progress)

The activity is not permanent.

2 Because the activity is seen in progress, it can be interrupted.

We were shopping when the phone rang.

3 The activity may not be complete.

I’ve been writing a novel. (but it’s not finished)

Who’s been drinking my tea? (there is still some left)
 English tense usage

4 The action of some verbs (such as live, work, play) lasts a long time.
The continuous gives these actions limited duration.

He’s working for his uncle this month. (= temporary)

We’ve been playing a lot of golf this week.

5 The action of some verbs (such as break, cut, lose, hit) lasts a short
time. They are often found in the simple.

I’ve lost my keys.

In the continuous, the action seems longer or habitual.

I’ve been losing things all week. (= again and again)

Temporary or for a longer time?

She’s been cutting down a tree all day. (= for a longer time)
 English tense usage

The perfect aspect

The perfect aspect expresses two ideas.
1 The action is completed before another time.

Has she ever been to Rome? (= sometime before now)

I’ll have read the book by Monday. (= sometime before then)

2 The exact time of the verb action is not important. The perfect
aspect refers to indefinite time.

We’ve lived abroad. (= before now)

The exception to this is the Past Perfect, which can refer to a

definite time.

I didn’t recognize Ella – the last time I had seen her was in 1995.
 English tense usage

Active and passive

1 Passive sentences move the focus of attention from the subject of an
active sentence to the object.
Tim broke the window. (= focus on Tim)
The window was broken by Tim. (= focus on the window)
2 By and the agent are often omitted in passive sentences.

My bike has been stolen. The agent is not important, isn’t

Some Nissans are made in the UK. known, or is understood.

Make the sentences passive.

1 Someone turned off the lights. The lights were turned off.
2 The police arrested the thief today. The thief was arrested today.
 English tense usage

3 Sometimes we prefer to begin a sentence with what is known, and

end it with what is ‘new’.

I liked this book. It was written by a scientist.

the agent = new information
4 In informal language, we often avoid using the passive.

You can sell things easily on eBay. (You or they = people in general
They’re repairing the bridge. or no person in particular.)

5 There are many past participles that are used more like adjectives.

I’m scared of spiders.

It’s Dan’s birthday and he’s very excited.
 Kingdom of Cambodia
ិ
សកលវទ្យាល័ យអាស៉ុ៊ីអឺរ៉ុប Nation Religion King
Asia Euro University

Compound word & Social expression

By Mr. Hai Savich & Vr. Nun Saret

Y Compound nouns and adjectives

 Compound nouns
A compound noun is a noun that is made with two or more words. A
compound noun is usually [noun + noun] or [adjective + noun], but
there are other combinations (see below). It is important to
understand and recognize compound nouns. Each compound noun
acts as a single unit and can be modified by adjectives and other
nouns.
There are three forms for compound nouns:
• open or spaced - space between words (tennis shoe)
• hyphenated - hyphen between words (six-pack)
• closed or solid - no space or hyphen between words (bedroom)
+Here are some examples of compound nouns:
-noun + noun (bus stop, fire-fly, football)
-adjective + noun (full moon, blackboard, software)
-verb(-ing) + noun (washing machine, swimming pool)
-noun + verb(-ing) (sunrise, haircut)
-verb + preposition (check-out)
-noun + prepositional phrase (mother-in-law)
-preposition + noun (underworld)
-noun + adjective (truckful)
 Compound adjectives
A compound adjective is an adjective that contains two or more
words joined by a hyphen.
They appear before a noun and act as a single idea (adjective) that
describe something.
 Form + examples
• Number + noun (one-way, twenty-page)
• Adj + noun (short-term, high quality)
• Adj + Present Participle (good-looking, long-lasting)
• Noun + Present Participle (time-saving, record-breaking)
• Noun + adj (world-famous, ice-cold)
• Etc....
 Y Everyday English (Social Expression)
 Social expressions are expressions/vocabulary that are
used in social situations.
Answer:
1. b
2. d
3. e (g is possible, but is necessary for 6)
4. a
5. c
6. g
7. h
8. f