1/20/2021 FAQs | World Instant Noodles Association.

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The manufacturing process of instant noodles FAQs

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Q1 What is instant noodle?

According to the CODEX*1 STANDARD FOR INSTANT NOODLES, "the instant noodle may be
Activities packed with noodle seasonings, or in the form of seasoned noodle and with or without noodle
garnish(s) in separate pouches, or sprayed on noodle and ready for consumption after dehydration
process." Instant Noodle is defined as "a product prepared from wheat flour and/or rice flour and/or

About Instant Noodles other flours and/or starches as the main ingredient, with or without the addition of other ingredients.
It may be treated by alkaline agents. It is characterized by the use of pregelatinization process and
dehydration either by frying or by other methods."

Approach to Food Safety *1 International food code developed jointly by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
and the World Health Organization (WHO).

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Q2 What are the types of noodles of instant noodles?

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Instant noodles are categorized into two types, "Fried noodles" and "Non-fried noodles," depending
on dehydration method.
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1. Fried noodles
Noodles in a metal mold are fried in the oil at 140-160˚C for a minute or two. Moisture content
of the dough is reduced from a 30-40% level to a 3-6% level, and pregelatinization is
accelerated in this process.

2. Non-fried noodles
This is literally noodles that are not fried in oil. Noodles in a metal mold are put into an air-drier
and dehydrated with hot air at approximately 80˚C for more than 30 minutes. The noodles
made with this method are "air-dried noodles."

Other than the above mentioned, "Raw-type instant noodles" are steamed noodles which are sterilized
with organic acid (mainly lactic acid, citric acid, acetic acid, malic acid, etc.).

Between fried and non-fried noodles, remarkable differences lie in moisture- and fat- contents. Fried
noodles have significantly less moisture content than non-fried noodle. On the other hand, when it
comes to fat, one serving of fried noodles typically contain approximately 20g of fat, while non-fried
noodles only contain 4-6g or one-fourth of fat, because they are not fried in oil.

Q3 What are the components of instant noodles?

The main components of instant noodles are protein, fat, carbohydrate, woodash, moisture, etc.
The largest portion is carbohydrate, which accounts for 60g per 100g of instant noodles. It is
because the main material of noodles is wheat flour. 8.4-10.7g of protein and 4.6-7.7g of ash are
contained in 100g of instant noodles. The contents vary slightly, depending on the type and
blending of wheat flour.

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Q4 What kinds of additives are used for instant noodles?

Listed below are typical additives used in noodles.

Noodle quality improver:

Guar gum and Xanthane gum, protein made from wheat and soybeans are used to enhance the
noodle texture and elasticity as well as flavor. Kansui is used to give the noodles unique features of
Chinese noodles.

Viscosity stabilizers:
This additive is polysaccharide to increase viscosity and smoothness. Algin acid and pectin, etc.,
extracted from seaweeds, beans, apples, oranges are used as viscosity stabilizers.

Emulsifiers:
Emulsifiers spread oil and fat evenly and stabilize the product quality. Typically, plant lecithin, which
can be produced in the refining process of soybean oil is used.

Antioxidants (Vitamin E):

Vitamin E used as an antioxidant to prevent oxidation of oil and fat contained in noodles. This can
be produced in the refining process of soybean oil. This is not a preservative.

Colors:
To maintain noodle color constant, gardenia dye gained by heating saccharides such as glucose
and sugar, and carotene extracted from carrot are used.

Fortifier dietary supplements:

For the purpose of nutrient enrichment, the nutrients such as Vitamin B1, Vitamin B2, calcium, etc.
are added. Instant noodle are often fortified with calcium, a nutrient many people lack in daily life.

Q5 What is "kansui"?

Kansui is an indispensable component for instant noodles. Not only does it provide viscous
elasticity, it also adds a special flavor specific to Chinese noodles. In China kansui originally meant
water containing wood ashes or mineral rich well water, however now it referrers to the water
containing one or more of the following―potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium hydrogen
carbonate, and potassium or sodium in the phosphate group. The components of kansui are
included in the list A (1), the category of the highest safety, by FAC/WHO.

Kansui develops the flavonoid color to a light yellow. Approximately 0.1-0.2g of kansui is used in
instant noodles of 100 g, but 0.3-0.6g in case of non-fried noodles. With alkaline pH value at 7-8, it
enhances flavor coupled with soup.

Q6 How many calories does a serving of instant noodles have?

Generally one serving of instant noodles has 300-500kcal.

Just for the referece, the daily energy requirement is said to be 2,450-2,650kcal for an adult male
and 1,950-2,000kcal for an adult female*2.

*2 Dietary Standard for the Japanese, 2010 (Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare of Japan)

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Q7 Why can instant noodles be stored for a long period of time?

Instant noodles are the grand sum of food preservation technology. The measures to improve
preservability are as follows.

1. Dehydration process and high-temperature treatment

Noodles, seasoning powder and garnishes are dehydrated, resulting in a moisture content of
14.5% at highest. To prevent deterioration of liquid seasoning and garnishes with high moisture
content, they go through high-temperature treatment before packaging.

2. Water activity and bacteriostatic effect by pH control

Liquid soup and paste-like soup base are either condensed to reduce moisture content or are
mixed with salt, sugar and seasoning to keep down water activity value (the level of water
suitable for microbiological growth). Also, pH control and addition of alcohol are performed for
bacteriostatic effect.

3. Lipid antioxidant
Raw materials with oil and fat are carefully selected in view of oxidative stability. To prevent
deterioration of oil and fat, they are not heated excessively in processing. Moreover, natural
vitamin E, which has an antioxidant effect, is added. Therefore, we do not have to worry about
the quality deterioration resulting from oxidation of oil and fat.

4. Examination of packaging materials

To improve preservability, the packaging materials used for instant noodles are high in blocking
performance against humidity, oxygen, light rays, heat, and oil, and are durable.

Q8 What are the tips for stocking instant noodles after purchase?

You can prevent quality deterioration of instant noodles and enjoy their good taste if you keep to the
following four points.

1. Keep out of direct sunlight

2. Store at ambient temperatures

3. Keep out of humidity

4. Keep away from odorous substances

If you store instant noodles near odorous substances such as "repellent," "insecticide," "detergent,"
"deodorizer," "cosmetics," etc., migration of odor components could happen.

Q9 How is oil and fat controlled?

Oil and fat works as a heating medium in theproduction stage and gives fatty acid necessary for the
human body. Also oil and fat plays an important role by enhancing flavor and the sense of fullness.
On the other hand, foods containing oil and fat can be deteriorated by oxidation, and can damage
flavor and cause nasty smells. To prevent oxidation, oil and fat used in instant noodles is strictly
monitored and controlled.

Palm oil, genuine lard, sesame oil, etc., or a blend of them are used to fry noodles. Frying machines
are designed so that noodles are always fried in fresh oil, and the volume of oil in the frying tub is
controlled to be constant. To keep the oil absorbed by noodles fresh, the production process is
strictly controlled as explained below.

Control the frying oil temperature at 140-150˚C. (The frying oil at ordinary household is180˚C/).

Minimize the exposure to air.

Quickly remove bits of fried noodles

Do not use oxidizable materials in a frying machine.

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Quickly cool down the noodles and oil after frying.

Add Vitamin E, which has antioxidation effect.

Use shielding containers and packaging materials to keep out of humidity, sun light, and air.

The "acid value" of finished products is checked as a quality indicator. Like this, good flavor and
quality of instant noodles are protected by strictly controlling oil and fat.

Q10 How are instant noodles produced at a factory?

Please see "The manufacturing process of instant noodles."

Q11 What are seasonings (soup bases) made of?

The three types of instant noodle seasonings are powder-type, liquid-type and granulated powder-
type. Among them, powder-type has the largest share.

Listed below are main raw materials for powder-type seasoning.

Basic seasoning: salt, soy sauce, sugar, vinegar, edible oil, etc.
Natural extracts: meat extract, seafood, kelp, fungi, etc.
Dehydrated powders: meats, seafoods, vegetables, fruits, mushrooms, etc.
Spices: pepper, allspice, bay leaf, garlic, red pepper, etc.

Q12 How seasonings in attached sachet are made?

Shown below is the process of producing seadonings in attached sachet.

1. Pre-treatment
Paste-like materials and liquid materials such as natural extracts are dehydrated, together with
salt, etc. and crushed into a powder.

2. Pre-mixing
The raw materials in small volumes such as spices and amino acid are pre-mixed.

3. Mixing
The pre-treated and pre-mixed items are mixed with other raw materials. The temperature and
humidity of the mixing room are kept constant so that the raw materials stay dry for the next
step.

4. Inspection

5. Subdivided packing
After inspection, the powdered seasoning is put into sachets by filling instrument.
(Occasionally, the sachet comes with liquid soup and paste-like soup with fat. Sealing condition
and weight are checked.

Q13 How are garnishes of instant noodles made?

Garnishes of instant noodles have an important role; not only do they improve flavor and nutrition
balance, they also please the eyes.

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Typical dehydration method of garnishes

Hot air
Hot air is applied to fresh garnishes. This is the most common method to dehydrate garnishes,
mainly vegetables.

Vacuum freeze drying

Garnishes which have been frozen rapidly at -30˚C are dried under vacuum. This dehydration
method prevents the loss of nutritional value and helps the materials to be reconstituted easily
by adding water. This method is used mainly for veetables and materials rich in protein.

Micro wave heating drying

The microwave heating drying equipment gives garnishes an inner heat, which achieves tissue
formation and dehydration at the same time. This dehydration method is often used for eggs.

Retort
Retort food is cooked food filled in pouches, which are tightly sealed, followed by sterilization
using heat and pressure. The materials are sterilized in autoclave at the thermal death point of
heat-resistant spore-forming bacteria. By sterilizing at 120˚C for four minutes or by an equally
effective sterilization method, long time storage at ambient temperature is realized.

Garnishes are controlled in accordance with, size, weight, moisture content, water activity,
microbe, resiliency as well as color, appearance, flavor, foreign matters.

Q14 Do instant noodles have good nutrition balance?

Many instant noodles are fortified with calcium, vitamin B1, B2, etc., which are necessary for your
health. While enjoying the food, you can take in the nutrition of the daily needs. However, no matter
what food you may eat, if you eat only that food, nutrition will be ill-balanced. For balanced dietary
life, please eat various foods, such as fish and vegetables, together with instant noodles.

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