1/25/2020 US3926657A - Paper tube adhesive and paper tube - Google Patents

 Patents

Paper tube adhesive and paper tube

Abstract
US3926657A
Paper tube adhesive for use in manufacturing convolute spiral paper tubes of greater structural
United States
strength and bulk weight. The adhesive comprises a mixture of sodium silicate, solvent and calcium
carbonate.
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Classi cations
Inventor: William G Mcconnell

C09J1/02 Adhesives based on inorganic constituents containing water-soluble alkali silicates

View 2 more classi cations Worldwide applications

1974 US 1975 CA

Application events

1974-10-18 Application led by William G Mcconnell

1974-10-18 Priority to US51589374

1975-12-16 Application granted

1975-12-16 Publication of US3926657A

1992-12-16 Anticipated expiration

2020-01-25 Application status is Expired - Lifetime

Info: Patent citations (3), Cited by (8), Similar documents,

Priority and Related Applications

External links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet, Global

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Claims (2) Hide Dependent

1. PAPER TUBE ADHESIVE CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF A MIXTURE OF FROM 10 TO 40% BY WEIGHT OF CALCIUM CARBONATE, AND THE REMAINDER SODIUM SILICATE
AND SOLVENT, THE PERCENTAGES BEING BASED UPON THE TOTAL WEIGHT OF THE MIXTURE.

2. A cylindrical paper tube comprising at least one layer of wound paper having at least one overlapping edge and a discrete layer of paper tube adhesive between the
overlapping edges of the paper, said adhesive comprising a mixture of from 10 to 40% by weight calcium carbonate, and the remainder sodium silicate and solvent, the
percentages being based upon the total weight of the adhesive mixture.

Description

Elitetl States Patent 1191 McConnell Dec. 16, 1975 [54] PAPER TUBE ADHESIVE AND PAPER TUBE [56] References Cited [76] Inventor: William G; McConnell, P.O. Box
UNITED STATES PATENTS 266, Dalton, Ga. 30720 1,253,371 l/l9l8 Gill .1 156/195 X 2,434,465 1/1948 Marc 156/325 [22] 1974 2,888,043 5/1959 Reid 156/195 x [21 Appl.
No.: 515,893

Primary ExaminerPhilip Dier [52] U S Cl 106/286 428/222 l38/l44 Attorney, Agent, or FirmJones, Thomas & Askew 156/195; 156/325; 93/80; 93/94 [51] Int. Cl. C091) l/02;
1331C l/OO; F16L 9/14; [57] ABSTRA.CT

C09J 1/02 Paper tube adhesive for use in manufacturing convo- [58] Field of Search 156/184 190 195 325- mm and Splral Paper tubes greater Structural 428/35 138/144
1 strength and bulk weight. The adhesive comprises a 81 k 94 mixture of sodium silicate, solvent and calcium carbonate.

2 Claims, N0 Drawings PAPER TUBE ADHESIVE AND PAPER TUBE The present invention relates to a new adhesive to be used in the manufacture of paper tubes and the
paper tubes resulting therefrom.

In order to appreciate the advantages inherent in this adhesive, it is necessary to understand certain factors involved in the manufacture of paper tubes. Paper as
manufactured on modern machines has a grain, that is, it is stronger in one direction than in the other. Paper grain is analogous to the grain in wood. The greatest
strength of the paper is with the grain, the lesser strength across the grain. The grain in paper runs in the machine direction. As paper is produced with a modern paper
machine, the paper moves from the machine continuously and is wound on a rotating take-up roll. The grain is in the direction of rotational motion of the roll, so that after
the roll is formed, the grain of the paper is perpendicular to the axis of the roll. If a sheet of paper is drawn from the roll, it can be wound on a mandril in either of two
directions to form a paper tube; (1) with the grain perpendicular to the axis of the mandril as it is on the original roll, or (2) with the grain parallel to the axis of the mandril
by, in effect, winding the paper across the roll. If the tube is wound with the grain perpendicular to the axis of the mandril it will have a very high crush strength but very
little beam strength. If on the other hand the tube is wound with the grain parallel to the axis of the mandril, it will have a high beam strength but a low crush strength.
Convolute tubes are wound with the grain parallel to the axis of the mandril. Otherwise the length of the convolute tube would be the same as the width of the roll, or a
portion of this width; and the ultimate length of the tube would be dependent upon the width of the paper as produced by the machine. In addition the convolute tube
when wound with the grain perpendicular to the axis of the mandril, would not have su cient beam strength to be of general use. By winding with the grain parallel to the
axis of the mandril, the only limitation on the length of the convolute tube is the length of the mandril itself. The wall thickness of the tube can be adjusted by varying the
number of turns and the thickness of the paper used. The thickness of the paper used is usually adjusted so that the desired wall is secured using the full width of the
roll.

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Spiral tubes are wound from ribbons which are slit from the supply roll so that the grain of the paper again is perpendicular to the axis of the tube roll. The ribbons are
wound around the mandril at such an angle that their edges are in abutment, and each ribbon forms a continuous layer, or ply, within the wall of the tube, and will
contribute its thickness to that wall. The actual angle will be determined by the width of the ribbon and the diameter of the mandril. It is normal for such spiral tubes to be
wound at angles between 25 and When the ribbons are wound into the tube, the seams are staggered so that no one seam lies directly over another. This arrangement is
necessary to maintain the strength of the tube. In sucha tube the grain of the paper is neither parallel to the axis, or perpendicular to the axis of the mandril, but lies
somewhere between the two, depending upon the angle at which the ribbons are wound on the mandril. Such a tube normally has high crush strength and low beam
strength.

Most adhesives now in use do not contribute signi cantly to the strength of the tube although silicate of soda is slightly better than the starches and dextrines.

2 The reason such additional strength is not secured through use of these adhesives is due to the fact that a very thin glue line must be used in order to obtain proper
adhesion, and to prevent crazing or powdering of the glue line after the glue has dried.

It is an object of the present invention to improve the crush strength of such paper tubes.

According to the present invention, it has been discovered that an adhesive mixture comprising the combination of silicate of soda, water and calcium carbonate
increases the crush strength of the paper tube while also increasing the bulk weight of the paper tube. The preferred source of calcium carbonate is ground marble or
ground limestone of approximately a number 9 grade. The particle size of the calcium carbonate is not critical; it is only necessary that the carbonate be su ciently ne
in texture to be easily mixed with and suspended within the silicate of soda.

It has been determined that a suitable paper tube adhesive is obtained when the mixture contains between 10 and 40% by weight calcium carbonate and 2 /2 to 7 /2
percent by weight solvent and the remainder sodium silicate. The percentages are based on the total weight of the mixture. In a preferred embodiment the adhesive
mixture contains from 25% to 35% by weight calcium carbonate and 3% to 5% by weight solvent and the remainder sodium silicate. The preferred solvent in this
embodiment is water but it should be understood that other materials which will carry or dilute the active ingredients may be used.

The calcium carbonate powder is suspended in the silicate of soda and kept suspended by constant agitation until the mixture is applied to the paper. We have found this
best accomplished by combining the calcium carbonate, silicate of soda, and solvent in a mixing tank, provided with an agitator, for a su cient length of time to produce
a smooth blend. The mixing tank is piped to the adhesive pan on the tube rolling machine such as a convolute tube rolling machine. The pipe is provided with a valve, so
that upon opening the valve, the mix ows to the adhesive pan by gravity or other means. The adhesive pan on the machine is also provided with agitators so that the
mixture is constantly agitated. The glue roll applicator on the tube rolling machine is partially submerged in the agitated mixture and transfers the mixture from the pan to
the surface of the paper, thus calcium carbonate is properly suspended within the mixture when it is deposited on the paper.

An interpretation of the action of the two major ingredients is as follows. The individual particles of the calcium carbonate are coated with the silicate of soda and there
is some absorbtion of the silicate of soda into the calcium carbonate. When the mixture is pressed between two layers of paper the excess silicate of soda is absorbed
into the pores of the paper. Due to the relative size of the calcium carbonate particles they can not enter into the pores of the paper, but must remain between the two
layers of paper. Each particle, however, retains a thin coating of silicate of soda and the laminating pressure causes these particles to adhere to each other and to the
paper. Thus, there is obtained a substantial layer of adhesive between the two sheets of paper. This layer of adhesive consists of layers of calcium carbonate particles
and silicate of soda, the silicate of soda being compressed between the particles of calcium carbonate so that no layer of silicate is of greater thickness than its
molecular size, a condition which is necessary to prevent crazing. The resulting cement of calcium carbonate and silicate of soda has high crush strength and
contributes substantially to the crush strength of the nished paper tube. As we stated before, a small amount of solvent is added to the mixture. This solvent promotes
more rapid absorbtion of the silicate of soda into the paper expediting curing and drying of the tube. It could be said that the added solvent reduces the viscosity of the
silicate of soda and causes it to be more rapidly absorbed by the pores of the paper. The evidence obtained is that the calcium carbonate absorbs solvent from the
silicate of soda and tends to make the silicate dry more rapidly thereby inhibiting proper ow of the adhesive during the winding operation. This inhibition of proper ow
can be prevented and controlled by the addition of the small amount of solvent. The resulting paper tube has a much higher crush strength than one made with silicate of
soda only.

Our adhesive has another major advantage in the winding of spiral tubes. A spiral tube machine consists essentially of a mandril and a moving rubber belt. The rubber
belt has a width the same as, or slightly less than, the paper ribbons which are being wound into the spiral tube. The rubber belt makes a turn around the mandril at the
desired angle to wind the ribbon. When the belt is driven, it draws the plies of ribbons of paper around the mandril, moving them forward at the same time. Thus, the plies
are drawn under the belt, compressed together, and leave the belt a completed spiral tube, although at this time the adhesive is not completely set. The grip of the belt on
the outer ply of paper provides the traction force, but this force must be transferred from ply to ply down through the tube so that all the ribbons are drawn in at the proper
rate. However, the plies are separated by a layer of adhesive and to a certain extent, this adhesive will act as a lubricant, so there is a tendency for one ply to slip on the
other until such a time as the adhesive is completely set. This slipping action limits the speed at which a spiral tube machine can be operated, and limits the amount of
adhesive which can be applied to the various plies of paper. Silicate of soda is particularly bad in this respect, and tubes being wound of silicate of soda have a tendency
to slip under the belt. The addition of calcium carbonate to the silicate of soda produces two advantages. The calcium carbonate particles tend to bite into both layers of
paper, providing a gritty and abrasive contact surface which substantially reduces slippage, and the drying action of the calcium carbonate produces a faster set for the
adhesive, both of which permit the machine to operate at a higher speed.

The following example is presented as a further illustration of the present invention.

EXAMPLE A convolute tube is prepared in standard fashion using conventional paper as a source of construction material and a conventional convolute tube winding
machine modi ed to provide adequate agitation to the adhesive mixture prior to and during application of the adhesive mixture to the paper. An adhesive mixture of 64%
sodium silicate, 32% calcium carbonate and 4% water is prepared and employed during the winding of a convolute paper tube. The resulting product is found to have
improved crush strength and increased bulk weight over a similarly prepared paper tube using only sodium silicate as the adhesive.

One of the major advantages in the use of this mixture is the reduction in costs. Paper costs approximately ten cents a pound, silicate of soda costs two cents a pound
and calcium carbonate one cent a pound. When combined as stated in the example, the cost of the adhesive mixture is approximately one and one-half cents per pound.
Since convolute tubes are sold by weight, it is possible to replace a certain amount of paper, costing ten cents a pound, with an adhesive mixture costing one and one-
half cents per pound, and still manufacture a tube of equal, or greater strength. Thus, a substantial reduction in cost is achieved. In the alternative, the same amount of
paper may be used, and a paper tube of greater weight and greater strength is obtained.

Sodium silicate adhesive is normally sold to customers as a solution of sodium silicate dissolved or dispersed within a carrying medium or solvent such as water. The
resultant solution or mixture is customarily referred to as sodium silicate adhesive. When the term sodium silicate or silicate of soda is used in this application, reference
is being made to that mixture or solution of sodium silicate which is customarily sold as the adhesive. Such an adhesive normally contains from 35% to by weight of
carrying medium or solvent such as water. The amount of solvent referred to in this application is in addition to that solvent present in the sodium silicate adhesive
solution. I 0

While this invention has been described in detail, with particular reference to preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood that variations and modi cations can
be effected within the spirit and scope of the invention as described in the appended claims.

I claim:

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1/25/2020 US3926657A - Paper tube adhesive and paper tube - Google Patents
1. Paper tube adhesive consisting essentially of a mixture of from 10 to 40% by weight calcium carbonate, and the remainder sodium silicate and solvent, the
percentages being based upon the total weight of the mixture.

2. A cylindrical paper tube comprising at least one layer of wound paper having at least one overlapping edge and a discrete layer of paper tube adhesive between the
overlapping edges of the paper, said adhesive comprising a mixture of from 10 to 40% by weight calcium carbonate, and the remainder sodium silicate and solvent, the
Patent Citations (3)
percentages being based upon the total weight of the adhesive mixture;

Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title

US1253371A * 1915-05-07 1918-01-15 Gen Container Corp Paper-cylinder manufacture.

US2434465A * 1944-05-20 1948-01-13 Carey Philip Mfg Co Manufacture of ducts

US2888043A * 1956-12-21 1959-05-26 Sonoco Products Co Multiple section paper tube and method of making same

Family To Family Citations

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party

Cited By (8)

Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title

EP0041212A1 * 1980-06-02 1981-12-09 Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Adhesives and/or coating compositions containing alkali metal silicate
auf Aktien solutions, and use thereof

US4792326A * 1987-03-30 1988-12-20 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Rapidly disintegrating paper tubes

US4872933A * 1987-03-30 1989-10-10 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Method of forming rapidly disintegrating paper tubes

US20040244909A1 * 2002-10-10 2004-12-09 Rhodes David E. Activatable adhesive webs and articles made therefrom

US20050045708A1 * 2003-09-02 2005-03-03 Dopaco Incorporated Food scoop and serving container

US20050129884A1 * 2003-06-30 2005-06-16 The Procter & Gamble Spiral wound tubes, method and apparatus for forming the same
Company

US20050287369A1 * 2000-10-10 2005-12-29 Jds Uniphase Corporation Titanium-containing interference pigments and foils with color shifting
properties

US9090039B2 2013-04-24 2015-07-28 Kline Smyly Paper tube for winding materials

Family To Family Citations

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party, ‡ Family to family citation

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Priority And Related Applications

Priority Applications (1)

Application Priority date Filing date Title

US51589374 1974-10-18 1974-10-18 Paper tube adhesive and paper tube

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Filing date Title

US51589374 1974-10-18 Paper tube adhesive and paper tube

CA237,126A 1975-10-06 Paper tube adhesive

Concepts

machine-extracted Download Filter table

Name Image Sections Count Query match

adhesive abstract,claims,description,title 46 0

adhesives abstract,claims,description,title 46 0

mixtures abstract,claims,description 32 0

calcium carbonate Ca+2 abstract,claims,description 27 0

O- O-

calcium carbonate abstract,claims,description 26 0

calcium carbonate abstract,claims,description 26 0

solvents abstract,claims,description 19 0

Sodium Silicates abstract,claims,description 16 0

Sodium silicate abstract,claims,description 16 0

Na+

Si Na+
O- O-

sodium silicate abstract,claims,description 16 0

sodium silicate abstract,claims,description 16 0

layers claims,description 13 0

Show all concepts from the description section

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