NORMAL CONSISTENCY OF

HYDRAULIC CEMENT
5TH EXPERIMENT

CHING - DELORIA
REPORT FLOW

INTRO. PROCEDURE DATA IMPACT

• Objectives • Apparatuses • Data analysis • Significance
• Def’n. of terms • Precautionary measures • Computations • Value
• Standard methodology • Errors

END
ASTM C 187 - 16
Standard Test Method for Amount of
Water Required for Normal
Consistency of Hydraulic Cement
Paste
OBJECTIVES
To determine the amount of water
required to produce an effective
cement that will produce good quality
concrete.
The test method is used to determine
the amount of water required to
prepare the hydraulic cement paste to
normal consistency.

Achieving normal consistency will

allow the test of measuring the
initial and final setting times.
 AASHTO T129

ASTM C187
IS 4031: PART IV
IMPORTANT TERMS

Hydraulic Cement

Portland Cement

Normal Consistency

Caustic
 HYDRAULIC CEMENT

CEMENT
 HYDRAULIC CEMENT

PORTLAND HYDRAULIC BLENDED

Type GU
Type HE
Type MS
Type HS
Type MH
Type LH
 HYDRAULIC CEMENT

Calcium silicate hydrates

2Ca3SiO5 + 7H2O → 3CaO · 2SiO2 · 4H2O + 3Ca(OH)2 + 173.6 kJ

Calcium hydroxide
APPARATUSES

vicat apparatus mixing bowl 250 mL graduated

cylinder

electronic balance flat trowel

VICAT APPARATUS
PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES

lab coats eye protection rubber gloves dusk mask

Using necessary PPE to avoid breathing the dust and avoid any contact with eyes or
skin. Silica inhaling can cause lung problems. The hydration reaction of silicate phases of
cement and water, heat is released along with calcium silicate hydrates- making it caustic.

• Wash contact area with water

• Wash eyes for minimum of15 minutes
• Avoid exposure of body/clothing to liquid phase of unhardened material
• Remove contaminated clothing immediately after exposure
• The vicat apparatus should be free from vibration during the penetration test.

• The plunger needle of the Vicat apparatus should be clean prior to each penetration test.

• Temperature of the mixing water and air should be maintained at 23.0±4.0°C at room temperature.

• The relative humidity of the laboratory should not be less than 50%.

• The paste should be tested immediately as hydraulic cement dries fast.

METHODOLOGY

Weigh 650g of cement and water.

Record the mass of cement and volume of water.
 Form crater in the center of cement and add the water.
Turn the outer edge into the crater (within 30s) and allow
another 30s for water absorption. Mix vigorously for
1.5min.
Place the water in the mixing bowl and add the cement. Allow water
absorption 30s. After, mix at low speed for 30s. Turn off, scrape down
sides of bowl for 15s. Mix medium speed for 1min.
 Form the cement paste into a ball,
and throw it from hand to hand six inches apart six times.
Press the ball into the larger opening of conical ring, fill with
cement paste, and remove excess with flat trowel on both
openings and smoothen the top.
Place the conical ring under the plunger, zero the apparatus
and release the rod immediately (must not exceed 30s after
mixing). Record the penetration after 30s.
Acceptable reading is between 9-11mm. Repeat steps until
reading becomes acceptable, each trial with fresh mixture.
DATA ANALYSIS

Amount of water(ml) % of water Penetration(mm)

195 30.00 10

60 9.23 5

250 38.46 13

MASS OF CEMENT: 650 g

SOURCES OF ERROR
SIGNIFICANCE