Viene Xelo Pearl B.

Dagaraga, BSCE-4
CE 25 Geotechnical Engineering 1
Laboratory Activity (Due Sept 08, 2021)

● Data obtained from laboratory tests:

Sieve Soil Sample

ASTM No. Opening (mm) Soil A (g) Soil B (g) Soil C (g) Soil D (g) Soil E (g)
#4 4.76 100 90 100 100 94
#8 2.38 97 64 100 90 84
#10 2.00 92 54 96 77 72
#20 0.85 87 34 92 59 66
#40 0.425 53 22 81 51 58
#60 0.25 42 17 72 42 50
#100 0.15 26 9 49 35 44
#200 0.075 17 5 32 33 38

Liquid Limit (%) 35 N/A 48 46 44

Plastic Limit (%) 20 N/A 26 29 23

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
● Draw the grain-size distribution curves for soil samples A, C, and E.

Sieve Soil A Soil C

Cumulati Cumulati
ASTM Opening Retained % Retained %
ve % % Passing ve % % Passing
No. (mm) (g) Retained (g) Retained
Retained Retained
#4 4.76 100 19.46% 19.46% 80.54% 100 16.08% 16.08% 83.92%
#8 2.38 97 18.87% 38.33% 61.67% 100 16.08% 32.15% 67.85%
#10 2 92 17.90% 56.23% 43.77% 96 15.43% 47.59% 52.41%
#20 0.85 87 16.93% 73.15% 26.85% 92 14.79% 62.38% 37.62%
#40 0.425 53 10.31% 83.46% 16.54% 81 13.02% 75.40% 24.60%
#60 0.25 42 8.17% 91.63% 8.37% 72 11.58% 86.98% 13.02%
#100 0.15 26 5.06% 96.69% 3.31% 49 7.88% 94.86% 5.14%
#200 0.075 17 3.31% 100.00% 0.00% 32 5.14% 100.00% 0.00%
Sum 514 622
 Soil E
Cumulati
Retained % %
ve %
(g) Retained Passing
Retained
94 18.58% 18.58% 81.42%
84 16.60% 35.18% 64.82%
72 14.23% 49.41% 50.59%
66 13.04% 62.45% 37.55%
58 11.46% 73.91% 26.09%
50 9.88% 83.79% 16.21%
44 8.70% 92.49% 7.51%
38 7.51% 100.00% 0.00%
506

𝑆𝑜𝑖𝑙 𝑅𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑
% 𝑅𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 = 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡
× 100
𝐶𝑢𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 % 𝑅𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 (𝐶𝑅) = % 𝑅𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑖
+ 𝐶𝑅 𝑖
% 𝑃𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 100% − 𝐶𝑅
● Classify soil samples A, B, C, and E using USCS.

Sieve Soil A
Retained Cumulative %
ASTM No. Opening (mm) % Retained % Passing
(grams) Retained
#4 4.76 100 19.46% 19.46% 80.54%
#8 2.38 97 18.87% 38.33% 61.67%
#10 2 92 17.90% 56.23% 43.77%
#20 0.85 87 16.93% 73.15% 26.85%
#40 0.425 53 10.31% 83.46% 16.54%
#60 0.25 42 8.17% 91.63% 8.37%
#100 0.15 26 5.06% 96.69% 3.31%
#200 0.075 17 3.31% 100.00% 0.00%
Sum 514
Liquid Limit (%) 35
Plastic Limit (%) 20

2
𝐷10 = 0. 285 𝑚𝑚 (𝐷30) 2
(1.064)
𝐶𝐶 = 𝐷60×𝐷10
= 2.345×0.285
= 1. 694
𝐷30 = 1. 064 𝑚𝑚
𝐷60 = 2. 345 𝑚𝑚
𝐷60 2.345
𝐶𝑈 = 𝐷10
= 0.285
= 8. 225

Less 50% passed #200 sieve, Sample A is COARSE-GRAINED SOIL.

More than 50% of course fraction passed #4 sieve, Sample A is SAND.

Less than 5% of sand passed #200 sieve, Sample A is CLEAN SAND.

% 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑒 = 0% < 5%, WELL GRADED.

% 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙 = (100% − #4) = (100 − 80. 54)

= 19. 46% > 15%, WELL GRADED SAND WITH GRAVEL.

% 𝐶𝑜𝑎𝑟𝑠𝑒 = (100% − % 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑒) = (100 − 0) = 100%

% 𝑆𝑎𝑛𝑑 = (%𝐶𝑜𝑎𝑟𝑠𝑒 − % 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙) = (100 − 19. 46) = 80.54%

𝐶𝑈 = 8. 225 > 6 SOIL SAMPLE A IS A SW, WELL

3 > 𝐶𝐶 = 1. 694 > 1 GRADED SAND WITH GRAVEL.
 Sieve Soil B
Retained Cumulative %
ASTM No. Opening (mm) % Retained % Passing
(grams) Retained
#4 4.76 90 30.51% 30.51% 69.49%
#8 2.38 64 21.69% 52.20% 47.80%
#10 2 54 18.31% 70.51% 29.49%
#20 0.85 34 11.53% 82.03% 17.97%
#40 0.425 22 7.46% 89.49% 10.51%
#60 0.25 17 5.76% 95.25% 4.75%
#100 0.15 9 3.05% 98.31% 1.69%
#200 0.075 5 1.69% 100.00% 0.00%
Sum 295
Liquid Limit (%) NA
Plastic Limit (%) NA

2
𝐷10 = 0. 410 𝑚𝑚 (𝐷30) 2
(2.011)
𝐶𝐶 = 𝐷60×𝐷10
= 3.719×0.410
= 1. 694
𝐷30 = 2. 011 𝑚𝑚
𝐷60 = 3. 719 𝑚𝑚
𝐷60 3719
𝐶𝑈 = 𝐷10
= 0.410
= 9. 071

Less 50% passed #200 sieve, Sample B is COARSE-GRAINED SOIL.

More than 50% of course fraction passed #4 sieve, Sample B is SAND.

Less than 5% of sand passed #200 sieve, Sample B is CLEAN SAND.

% 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑒 = 0% < 5%, WELL GRADED.

% 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙 = (100% − #4) = (100 − 69. 49)

= 30. 51% > 15%, WELL GRADED SAND WITH GRAVEL.

% 𝐶𝑜𝑎𝑟𝑠𝑒 = (100% − % 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑒) = (100 − 0) = 100%

% 𝑆𝑎𝑛𝑑 = (%𝐶𝑜𝑎𝑟𝑠𝑒 − % 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙) = (100 − 30. 51) = 69.49%

𝐶𝑈 = 9. 071 > 6 SOIL SAMPLE B IS A SW, WELL GRADED

3 > 𝐶𝐶 = 2. 652 > 1 SAND WITH GRAVEL.
 Sieve Soil C
Retained Cumulative %
ASTM No. Opening (mm) % Retained % Passing
(grams) Retained
#4 4.76 100 16.08% 16.08% 83.92%
#8 2.38 100 16.08% 32.15% 67.85%
#10 2 96 15.43% 47.59% 52.41%
#20 0.85 92 14.79% 62.38% 37.62%
#40 0.425 81 13.02% 75.40% 24.60%
#60 0.25 72 11.58% 86.98% 13.02%
#100 0.15 49 7.88% 94.86% 5.14%
#200 0.075 32 5.14% 100.00% 0.00%
Sum 622
Liquid Limit (%) 48
Plastic Limit (%) 26

2
𝐷10 = 0. 212 𝑚𝑚 (𝐷30) 2
(0.601)
𝐶𝐶 = 𝐷60×𝐷10
= 2.187×0.212
= 0. 779
𝐷30 = 0. 601 𝑚𝑚
𝐷60 = 2. 187 𝑚𝑚
𝐷60 2.187
𝐶𝑈 = 𝐷10
= 0.212
= 10. 316

Less 50% passed #200 sieve, Sample C is COARSE-GRAINED SOIL.

More than 50% of course fraction passed #4 sieve, Sample C is SAND.

Less than 5% of sand passed #200 sieve, Sample C is CLEAN SAND.

% 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑒 = 0% < 5%, WELL GRADED.

% 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙 = (100% − #4) = (100 − 83. 92)

= 16. 08% > 15%, POORLY GRADED SAND WITH GRAVEL.

% 𝐶𝑜𝑎𝑟𝑠𝑒 = (100% − % 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑒) = (100 − 0) = 100%

% 𝑆𝑎𝑛𝑑 = (%𝐶𝑜𝑎𝑟𝑠𝑒 − % 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙) = (100 − 16. 08) = 83.92%

𝐶𝑈 = 10. 316 > 6 SOIL SAMPLE C IS A SP, POORLY

𝐶𝐶 = 0. 779 < 1 GRADED SAND WITH GRAVEL.
 Sieve Soil E
Retained Cumulative %
ASTM No. Opening (mm) % Retained % Passing
(grams) Retained
#4 4.76 94 18.58% 18.58% 81.42%
#8 2.38 84 16.60% 35.18% 64.82%
#10 2 72 14.23% 49.41% 50.59%
#20 0.85 66 13.04% 62.45% 37.55%
#40 0.425 58 11.46% 73.91% 26.09%
#60 0.25 50 9.88% 83.79% 16.21%
#100 0.15 44 8.70% 92.49% 7.51%
#200 0.075 38 7.51% 100.00% 0.00%
Sum 506
Liquid Limit (%) 44
Plastic Limit (%) 23

2
𝐷10 = 0. 179 𝑚𝑚 (𝐷30) 2
(0.570)
𝐶𝐶 = 𝐷60×𝐷10
= 2.251×0.179
= 0. 806
𝐷30 = 0. 570 𝑚𝑚
𝐷60 = 2. 251 𝑚𝑚
𝐷60 2.251
𝐶𝑈 = 𝐷10
= 0.179
= 12. 575

Less 50% passed #200 sieve, Sample E is COARSE-GRAINED SOIL.

More than 50% of course fraction passed #4 sieve, Sample E is SAND.

Less than 5% of sand passed #200 sieve, Sample E is CLEAN SAND.

% 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑒 = 0% < 5%, WELL GRADED.

% 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙 = (100% − #4) = (100 − 81. 42)

= 18. 58% > 15%, POORLY GRADED SAND WITH GRAVEL.

% 𝐶𝑜𝑎𝑟𝑠𝑒 = (100% − % 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑒) = (100 − 0) = 100%

% 𝑆𝑎𝑛𝑑 = (%𝐶𝑜𝑎𝑟𝑠𝑒 − % 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙) = (100 − 18. 58) = 81.42%

𝐶𝑈 = 12. 575 > 6 SOIL SAMPLE E IS A SP, POORLY

𝐶𝐶 = 0. 806 < 1 GRADED SAND WITH GRAVEL.