Example: Fire Resistance of A Composite Slab To EN 1994-1-2

Example: Fire resistance of a composite slab to EN 1994-1-2
Document Ref: SX037a-EN-EU Sheet 1 of 9

CALCULATION SHEET
Title Example: Fire resistance of a composite slab to EN 1994-1-2
Eurocode Ref
Made by P Schaumann & T Trautmann Date Feb 2005
Checked by J Chica, LABEIN Date Nov 2005
Example: Fire resistance of a composite slab to

EN 1994-1-2
This worked example covers the fire design of a composite slab. The slab is
part of a shopping centre and the span between supports is 4,8 m. The slab
isdesigned as a series of simply supported beams. The required standard fire
resistance class for the slab is R 90. This example illustrates the use of the
method in EN1994-1-2, Annex D
This material is copyright - all rights reserved. Use of this document is subject to the terms and conditions of the Access Steel Licence Agreement
Figure 1.1 Static system
Figure 1.2 Steel sheet
Basic data
Material properties:
Steel sheet:
As a conservative assumption, the contribution of the steel decking to the EN1994-1-2
bending resistance of the composite slab can be ignored. In this example the §D.3(1)
deck resistance is included in the calculation.
Yield stress: f yp = 350 N/mm 2
Cross-sectional area: Ap = 1562 mm 2 / m
Concrete:
Created on Friday, September 19, 2008
Strength category: C 25/30

Compression strength: f c = 25 N/mm 2
Height: ht = 140 mm
Cross-sectional area: Ac = 131600 mm 2 /mm

CALCULATION SHEET
Eurocode Ref
Loads:
Permanent loads:
Steel sheet g p, k = 0,13 kN/m 2
Concrete: g c, k = 3,29 kN/mm 2
Finishes: g f, k = 1,2 kN/m 2

Variable loads:
Live load: pk = 5,0 kN/m 2
Design sagging moment
at ambient temperatures: M s, d = 39,56 kNm/m
Mechanical actions during fire exposure

The load is determined by the combination rule for accidental situations. EN1991-1-2
EdA = E (∑ Gk + Ad + ∑ψ 2, i ⋅ Qk, i )
§4.3
According to EN 1994-1-2, the load Ed may be reduced by the reduction EN1994-1-2

factor ηfi. It is calculated to: §2.4.2
ηfi =
Gk + ψ 2,1 ⋅ Qk,1
=
(0,13 + 3,29 + 1,2) + 0,6 × 5,0 = 0,55
γ G ⋅ Gk + γ Q,1 ⋅ Qk,1 1,35 × (0,13 + 3,29 + 1,2) + 1,5 × 5,0
With ηfi, the design bending moment Mfi,d can be calculated:

M fi, d = ηfi ⋅ M sd = 0,55 × 39,56 = 21,94 kNm/m
Fire resistance of a composite slab
The performance of the composite slab should be assessed in terms of the load
bearing, insulation and integrity criteria. The integrity criteria can not be
evaluated by calculation, but the code permits the assumption that composite
construction will fulfil the integrity criteria. The load bearing criteria is
satisfied on the basis of the moment resistance of the composite slab, which
may be calculated using the general principles given in EN1994-1-2, Section
4.3. The effect of thermal actions for standard fire resistance periods may be
calculated using Annex D. The performance of the slab against the insulation
criteria may also be assessed by calculation using Annex D.1.


CALCULATION SHEET
Eurocode Ref
Geometrical parameters and scope of application

The calculation procedures given in Annex D have a limited field of
application. Therefore before proceeding with the calculations a check must
be made to ensure that applying the Annex to this problem is valid.
Figure 1.3 Geometry of cross-section

h1 = 89 mm h2 = 51 mm
l1 = 115 mm l2 = 140 mm l3 = 38 mm
Table 1.1 Scope of application for slabs made of normal concrete and re-
entrant steel sheets
Scope of application for re-entrant profiles Existing geometrical parameters

[mm] [mm]
77,0 ≤ l1 ≤ 135,0 l1 = 115,0

110,0 ≤ l2 ≤ 150,0 l2 = 140,0
38,5 ≤ l3 ≤ 97,5 l3 = 38,0
50,0 ≤ h1 ≤ 130,0 h1 = 89,0
30,0 ≤ h2 ≤ 60,0 h2 = 51,0
EN 1994-1-2
This composite slab is within the scope of application defined for Annex D. Annex D.5
Thermal insulation
The thermal insulation criteria “I” limits the permitted temperature rise on the
unexposed face of a separating element. In accordance with the insulation EN 1994-1-2
criteria, the temperature rise on the top surface of the slab should not exceed §D.1
an average value of 140 °C or a maximum of 180 °C.
The verification is carried out in the time domain as follows:

A 1 A 1
ti = a0 + a1h1 + a2φ + a3 + a4 + a5
Lr l3 Lr l3

CALCULATION SHEET
Eurocode Ref
The rib geometry factor A/Lr is equivalent to the section factor Ap/V for
beams. The factor considers that the mass and height have positive effects on
the heating of the slab.
Key: 1. Area: A
2. Exposed surface: O
Figure 1.4 Definition of the rib geometry factor
⎛l +l ⎞ ⎛ 115 + 140 ⎞
h2 ⎜ 1 2 ⎟ 52 × ⎜ ⎟
A ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠
= = = 27 mm
Lr 2 2
⎛ l −l ⎞ ⎛ 115 − 140 ⎞
l 2 + 2 h2 2 + ⎜ 1 2 ⎟ 140 + 2 512 + ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠
The view factor Φ considers the shadow effect of the rib on the upper flange
The view factor Φ considers the shadow effect of the rib on the upper flange:
⎡ 2 2⎤
⎢ 2 ⎛ l1 − l 2 ⎞ 2 ⎛ l1 − l 2 ⎞ ⎥
φ = h2 + ⎜ l3 + ⎟ − h2 + ⎜ ⎟ l3
⎢ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎥
⎣ ⎦
⎡ 2 2⎤
⎛ 115 − 140 ⎞ 2 ⎛ 115 − 140 ⎞ ⎥
= ⎢ 512 + ⎜ 38 + ⎟ − 51 + ⎜ ⎟ 38 = 0,119
⎢ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎥
⎣ ⎦
The coefficients ai for normal weight concrete is given in Table 2:


CALCULATION SHEET
Eurocode Ref
Table 1.2 Coefficients for determination of the fire resistance with respect
to thermal insulation (see EN 1994-1-2, Annex D, Table D.1)
a0 a1 a2 a3 a4 a5
[min] [min/mm] [min] [min/mm] [mm·min] [min]
Normal weight
-28.8 1.55 -12.6 0.33 -735 48.0
concrete
Light weight
-79.2 2.18 -2.44 0.56 -542 52.3
concrete
With these parameters, ti is calculated as:

ti = (− 28,8) + 1,55 × 89 + (− 12,6) × 0,119
1 1
+0,33 × 27 + (− 735) × + 48 × 27 ×
38 38
t i = 131,48 min > 90 min 9 The section is more than adequate
Effect of thermal actions EN 1994-1-2

For standard periods of fire resistance Annex D can be used to determine the §D.2
temperature of key elements of the cross-section, such as the sheet decking,
the reinforcement and the concrete.
To get the reduction factors ky,θ for the upper flange, lower flange and the
web, the temperatures have to be determined. These are calculated to:
1 A
θ a = b0 + b1 + b2 + b3φ + b4φ 2
l3 Lr

CALCULATION SHEET
Eurocode Ref
The coefficients bi can be obtained from Table 3:

Table 1.3 Coefficients for the determination of the temperatures of the
parts of the steel decking (see EN 1994-1-2, Annex D, Table D.2)
Fire Part of
b0 b1 b2 b3 b4
Concrete resistance steel
[°C] [°C·mm] [°C/mm] [°C] [°C]
[min] sheet
Normal Lower
951 -1197 -2,32 86,4 -150,7
weight flange
concrete 60 Web 661 -833 -2,96 537,7 -351,9
Upper
340 -3269 -2,62 1148,4 -679,8
flange
Lower
1018 -839 -1,55 65,1 -108,1
flange
90 Web 816 -959 -2,21 464,9 -340,2
Upper
618 -2786 -1,79 767,9 -472,0
flange
Lower
1063 -679 -1,13 46,7 -82,8
flange
120 Web 925 -949 -1,82 344,2 -267,4
Upper
770 -2460 -1,67 592,6 -379,0
flange
For the different parts of the steel sheet, the temperatures are:
Lower flange:
1
θ a,l = 1018 − 839 − 1,55 × 27 + 65,1 × 0,119 − 108,1 × 0,119 2 = 960,29 º C
38
Web:
1
θ a,w = 816 − 959 − 2,21 × 27 + 464,9 × 0,119 − 340,2 × 0,119 2 = 781,60 º C
38
Upper flange:
1
θ a,l = 618 − 2786 − 1,79 × 27 + 767,9 × 0,119 − 472,0 × 0,119 2 = 580,87 º C
38
To get the required load carrying-capacity during fire exposure, reinforcing bars
have to be installed which normally are neglected for the ambient temperature
design. For each rib, one reinforcing bar Ø 10 mm is chosen. The position of the
bar can be seen in Figure 5.

CALCULATION SHEET
Eurocode Ref
Figure 1.5 Arrangement of the reinforcing bar

The temperature of the reinforcing bar is calculated to:
u3 A 1
θ 5 = c0 + c1 + c 2 z + c3 + c 4α + c5
h2 Lr l3
where:
1 1 1 1
= + +
z u1 u2 u3
1 1 1 1
= + + (approximate)
z l2 2 l2 2 h2 + 10
1 1 1 1
= + +
z 70 70 61
1
= 0,367
z
Therefore:
z = 2,72
Key: 1. Concrete
2. Reinforcing bar
3. Steel sheet
Figure 1.6 Definition of the distances u1, u2, u3 and the angle α

CALCULATION SHEET
Eurocode Ref
The coefficients ci for normal weight concrete are given in Table 4:

Table 1.4 Coefficients for the determination of the temperatures of the
reinforcement bars in rib (see EN 1994-1-2, Annex D, Table D.3)
Fire
c0 c1 c2 c3 c4 c5
Concrete resistance
[°C] [°C] [°C/mm0.5] [°C/mm] [°C/°] [°C]
[min]
Normal 60 1191 -250 -240 -5,01 1,04 -925

weight
90 1342 -256 -235 -5,30 1,39 -1267
concrete
120 1387 -238 -227 -4,79 1,68 -1326
With these parameters, the temperature of the reinforcing bar is:

61 1
θ 5 = 1342 + (− 256 ) + (− 235) × 2,72 + (− 5,30 ) × 27 + 1,39 × 104 + (1267 )
51 38
θ 5 = 364,19 º C
Verification of the load carrying-capacity EN1994-1-2

The plastic moment design resistance is calculated as follows: §4.3.1
⎛ f y,i ⎞ ⎛ f ⎞
M fi,t,Rd = ∑ Ai z i k y,θ,i ⎜ ⎟ + α slab ∑ A j z j k c,θ, j ⎜ c, j ⎟
⎜γ ⎟ ⎜γ ⎟
⎝ M,fi ⎠ ⎝ M,fi,c ⎠
For the steel sheet, the reduction factors ky,θ,i are given in EN1993-1-2.For
the reinforcement the reduction factor is given in EN1994-1-2 Table 3.4, EN1993-1-2
because the reinforcement bars are cold worked. Table E.1
The carrying-capacity for each part of the steel sheet and the reinforcing bars
can now be calculated.
Table 1.5 Reduction factors and carrying-capacities (3) EN1993-1-2

Temperature Reduction factor Partial area fy,I Zi Table E.1
θi [°C] ky,θ,i [-] Ai [mm²] [N/mm²] [kN]
Lower flange 960 0,038 120,4 350 1,60 EN1994-1-2

Web 782 0,081 90,4 350 2,56
Table 3.4
Upper flange 581 0,344 32,7 350 3,94
Reinforcement 364 0,930 79,0 500 36,72

The plastic neutral axis is calculated as equilibrium of the horizontal forces.

The equilibrium is set up for one rib (b = l1 + l2).

CALCULATION SHEET
Eurocode Ref
z pl =
∑ Zi =
1,60 + 2,56 + 3,94 + 36,72
= 13,79 mm
α slab (l1 + l3 ) f c 0,85 × (115 + 38) × 25 × 10 −3
The plastic moment resistance for one rib is determined to:
Table 1.6 Calculation of the moment resistance of one rib
Zi [kN] zi [m] Mi [kNm]
Lower flange 1,60 0,140 0,22

Web 2,56 0,14 – 0,051 / 2 = 0,1145 0,29
Upper flange 3,94 0,14-0,051=0,089 0,35
Reinforcement 36,72 0,14-0,051-0,010=0,079 2,90
Concrete -50,17 0,01379/2=0,0069 -0,35
Σ 3,42
With the plastic moment of Mpl,rib = 3,42 kNm and the width wrib = 0,152 m of
one rib, the plastic moment resistance of the composite slab is:
M fi,Rd = 3,42 / 0,152 = 22,51 kNm/m
Verification:
21,94
= 0,97 < 1 9
22,51
The member satisfies the load bearing criteria (R) for 90 minutes fire
resistance

SX037a-EN-EU
Quality Record
RESOURCE TITLE Example: Fire resistance of a composite slab to EN 1994-1-2
Reference(s)
ORIGINAL DOCUMENT
Name Company Date
Created by P Schaumann & T University of Hannover –

Trautmann Institute for Steel
Construction
Technical content checked by J Chica, LABEIN
Editorial content checked by
Technical content endorsed by the

following STEEL Partners:
1. UK G W Owens SCI 9/6/06
2. France A Bureau CTICM 9/6/06

3. Sweden B Uppfeldt SBI 9/6/06
4. Germany C Müller RWTH 9/6/06
5. Spain J Chica Labein 9/6/06
6. Luxembourg M Haller PARE 9/6/06
Resource approved by Technical G W Owens SCI 12/9/06

Coordinator
TRANSLATED DOCUMENT
This Translation made and checked by:
Translated resource approved by:

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Example: Fire resistance of a composite slab to EN 1994-1-2

Document Ref: SX037a-EN-EU Sheet 1 of 9

Example: Fire resistance of a composite slab to

Figure 1.1 Static system

Figure 1.2 Steel sheet

Cross-sectional area: Ap = 1562 mm 2 / m

Strength category: C 25/30

Document Ref: SX037a-EN-EU Sheet 2 of 9

Concrete: g c, k = 3,29 kN/mm 2

Finishes: g f, k = 1,2 kN/m 2

Mechanical actions during fire exposure

According to EN 1994-1-2, the load Ed may be reduced by the reduction EN1994-1-2

With ηfi, the design bending moment Mfi,d can be calculated:

Fire resistance of a composite slab

criteria may also be assessed by calculation using Annex D.1.

Document Ref: SX037a-EN-EU Sheet 3 of 9

Geometrical parameters and scope of application

Figure 1.3 Geometry of cross-section

Scope of application for re-entrant profiles Existing geometrical parameters

77,0 ≤ l1 ≤ 135,0 l1 = 115,0

The verification is carried out in the time domain as follows:

Document Ref: SX037a-EN-EU Sheet 4 of 9

Figure 1.4 Definition of the rib geometry factor

The coefficients ai for normal weight concrete is given in Table 2:

Document Ref: SX037a-EN-EU Sheet 5 of 9

With these parameters, ti is calculated as:

Effect of thermal actions EN 1994-1-2

Document Ref: SX037a-EN-EU Sheet 6 of 9

The coefficients bi can be obtained from Table 3:

Document Ref: SX037a-EN-EU Sheet 7 of 9

Figure 1.5 Arrangement of the reinforcing bar

Document Ref: SX037a-EN-EU Sheet 8 of 9

The coefficients ci for normal weight concrete are given in Table 4:

Normal 60 1191 -250 -240 -5,01 1,04 -925

With these parameters, the temperature of the reinforcing bar is:

Verification of the load carrying-capacity EN1994-1-2

Table 1.5 Reduction factors and carrying-capacities (3) EN1993-1-2

Lower flange 960 0,038 120,4 350 1,60 EN1994-1-2

Reinforcement 364 0,930 79,0 500 36,72

The plastic neutral axis is calculated as equilibrium of the horizontal forces.

Document Ref: SX037a-EN-EU Sheet 9 of 9

The plastic moment resistance for one rib is determined to:

Table 1.6 Calculation of the moment resistance of one rib

Zi [kN] zi [m] Mi [kNm]

Lower flange 1,60 0,140 0,22

Upper flange 3,94 0,14-0,051=0,089 0,35

Reinforcement 36,72 0,14-0,051-0,010=0,079 2,90

Concrete -50,17 0,01379/2=0,0069 -0,35

Example: Fire resistance of a composite slab to EN 1994-1-2

RESOURCE TITLE Example: Fire resistance of a composite slab to EN 1994-1-2

Name Company Date

Created by P Schaumann & T University of Hannover –

Technical content checked by J Chica, LABEIN

Editorial content checked by

Technical content endorsed by the

1. UK G W Owens SCI 9/6/06

2. France A Bureau CTICM 9/6/06

3. Sweden B Uppfeldt SBI 9/6/06

4. Germany C Müller RWTH 9/6/06

5. Spain J Chica Labein 9/6/06

6. Luxembourg M Haller PARE 9/6/06

Resource approved by Technical G W Owens SCI 12/9/06

This Translation made and checked by: