PART B –Micro Project

Estimation of WBM Road.

1.0 Brief Descriptions:

Full form of WBM is Water Bound Macadam. It is the layer of broken stone aggregates
bound together by stone dust or screening material and water applied during
construction and compacted by heavy smoothed wheel roller.
It is the oldest type of highway pavement used in modern times is known as Macadam
after the name of Johan Macadam, A Scottish Engineer.

2.0 Aim of the Micro-Project:

This micro project aims :

 To know the information about Work and use of WBM road .
 To calculate the quantity of each item of WBM road

3.0 Course Outcome Addressed:

Analyze and assess the quantity of material required for civil engineering works as per
specifications.

4.0 Actual Methodology Followed:

Sr. no. Work done by team member Name of student

1 Preparation of part A Tushar Patil
2 Information collection Tushar Patil
3 Information analysis Vaibhav Zombade
4 Design of project Vaibhav Zombade
(along flowchart/circuit/diagram)
5 Implementation Tushar Patil
6 Report preparation Vaibhav Zombade
7 MS Word preparation Tushar Patil
8 Any other Aaditya Mahajan

5.0 Actual resources used:

Sr. No. Name of Resources / Specifications Qty Remark.

material

1 Internet WWW. Used

Wikipedia.com
2 Books Estimation and Used
 Costing.
(Author)-Rangwala,
S.C.

6.0 Literature

INTRODUCTION:
 These roads are constructed since very ancient days. The roads having its wearing
surface consisting of clean, crushed aggregates, mechanically interlocked by rolling and
bound together with a filler material and water, laid on a prepared base course is called
Water Bound Macadam(W.B.M) road.
 This is constructed as village road serves as a base for bituminous roads. In most of the
roads projects, in the first phase, W.B.M roads are constructed and when the funds are
available, the surfacing is done with the premix carpet bituminous macadam or cement
concrete. So a water-bound macadam road is considered as the mother of all types of
road construction.
 WBM road is known after John Macadam, Surveyor General of Road in England in 1827,
who was the first to introduce this particular road. In the present day, the term
macadam means the pavement base course constructed by broken aggregates that are
interlocked mechanically by rolling and voids filled with screening and binding materials
with the help of water.
 The WBM is used as a sub-base, base course or surface course. The thickness of each
layer ranges from 7.5 cm to 10 cm depending on the size of aggregates used. To prolong
the life of WBM road, a bituminous surfacing is provided. Construction procedure
involves preparation of foundation, provision of literal confinement, spreading of coarse
aggregates, rolling, application of screening, sprinkling and grouting, application of
binding material, and setting and drying.
 WBM is superior in quality because the materials are carefully graded and the resulting
mass is almost void less compacted mass.
-The interlocking of aggregate particles imparts adequate strength of the materials
selected for filling the voids. These ensure non-entry of the plastic materials of the sub-
grade into the voids.
-Water bound macadam is less costly as compared to bituminous base course.

Construction Procedure of WBM Road

Preparation of Sub-grade 
The site is cleared and weak spots corrected and rolled. To check the spreading of aggregate
beyond the carriageway or to provide confinement to the loose aggregate while compacting by
rolling either a trench cut in the sub-grade and proper camber is provided or earth or brick bunds
are made.

Spreading of Aggregates
The coarse aggregate is spread on the prepared surface of sub-grade evenly in layers. The
thickness of each layer should be such that it gives 7.5 cm thick layer on compaction. The profile
of the road is checked by placing templates across the road every 6 meters. To ensure proper
camber and grade the surface is checked from time to time.

Dry-Rolling
The objective of this rolling is to key the coarse aggregate thoroughly. After spreading the coarse
aggregate and checking all irregularities, the rolling is done by 6 to 10 tonnes, 3 wheeled power
roller.Usually rolling is started from the edges with roller running forwards and backwards till
the aggregate is fully compacted.

Application of Screening
The next step is the application and keying of screening. after the coarse aggregates are set and
keyed thoroughly by the rolling, the screenings are spread uniformly and rolled. Generally
spreading, brooming and rolling operations are carried out simultaneously. The quantity of
screening is generally used to fill about 50% of the total voids and the rest 50% voids are filled
with filler materials.

Wet Rolling
After spreading the screening, the surface of the layer is sprinkled with water and rolled again.
The sprinkling of water and rolling is continued till all the voids are filled and a wave of grout
flushed ahead of the roller. This indicates that all voids are filled with chocking material. The
quantity of water and screening are generally dependent upon many factors such as size and
nature of aggregate, type of surface desired, etc.

Application of Fillers
The filler material is applied in two successive thin layers. the plasticity index of the filler
material should not be more than 9. After the application of the filler, water is sprinkled on the
surface and the slurry is allowed to fill the voids. Now rolling is done with 6 to 10-tonne roller.
to wash down the binding material off the wheels of the roller water is poured on them.

Surface Finishing
The section prepared as discussed above is allowed to dry overnight and then a  thin layer about
0.6 cm thick of sand or earth spread over the surface. The surface lightly sprinkled with water
and rolled again.
Shoulders
These are made of the same cross slope as that of pavement and are compacted by rolling. After
proper drying and set of the WBM, It is opened to the traffic.

Maintenance of WBM Road

WBM is the basic stage of the planned improvement of road surfacing. Wbm roads are damaged
rapidly due to the heavy traffic and adverse climatic conditions. The steel tyred bullock carts
cause serve wear and tear to the WBM surface. In dry weather, dust is formed and in rainy
season mud is formed on WBM road. Fine particles are sucked up by fast-moving vehicle from
the road surface resulting in loss of binding particles in the surface. In the rainy season, the rain
is soaked by the surface which makes the surface soft. In such conditions, the movement of
vehicles makes the layer of surface loose. In this situation, some aggregate gets displaced from
their position causing ruts and potholes on the surface.

Remedies of Damage WBM Road

To prevent aggregate from getting loose from the surface course, a thin layer of moist soil should
be spread over the surface periodically, particularly after the rainy season. The dust nuisance can
be effectively eliminated by providing a surface dressing of bituminous materials.
No Particulars of Item No. Length (m) Breadth Depth Quantity
. (m)
1. Excavation in
embankment ( 8 d +5 d 2 ) x L=10 x 1+ 2 x 12 ¿ 1000
12000 m3

2. Preparation of
sub-grade 1 1000 4.00 - 4000 m 2

3. Soiling coat:
1)stone boulders 15cm 1 1000 4.00 0.15 600 m3
size
2)laying and
consolidation of
boulders including 1 1000
4.00
0.15
600 m3
binding with local
sandy soil
4. Inter coat:
1)stone ballast 50mm 1 1000 3.70 0.12 444 m3
gauge
2)laying and
consolidation of
ballast including
binding with local 1 1000 3.70 0.12 444 m3
sandy soil
5. Top coat :
(1) Stone ballast 4mm 1 1000 3.70 0.12 444 m3
gauge
(2) laying and
consolidation of stone 1 1000 3.70 0.12
444 m3
ballast including
binding with sandy
soil

6. Brick edging on both

sides including brick 1 1 km - - 1 km
with labour

7. Plantation of grasses
1000
on side stone 1 2 √ 22+ 1 4500 M 2

8. (Road Tar )
Surfacing at the Top
1)Stone grit 20mm

gauge@1.35m3% sq.m
1 1000 3.70 1.35 50 M 3
2)Laying 100
1 1000 3.70 3700 M 2
-
 Abstract of Estimated Cost
Item Description of item Qty Rate Amount
no.
1. Earthwork in
Embankment 12000 m3 275 33,000.00

2. Preparation of sub-
grade 4000 m 2 1.00 4000

3. Soiling Coat 1200 m3 118 1,41,600

4. Inter Coat
888 m 3 170 1,50,960

5. Top Coat
1)Stone Ballast 4mm 444 m3 155 68,820
gauge
2) ) laying and
consolidation of 20
444 m 3 8880
stone ballast
including binding
with sandy soil

6. Brick Edging on both

sides including bricks 1 3500 3500
with labour
7. Plantation of grasses
on side stone 4000 m 2 1.00 4500

8. Labour for surface

treatment bending tar
and spraying it with 3700 cum. 39 1,44,300
sprays , spreading
bajasi and rolling with
roller
Total = 13,15,102
Add 5% for contingencies = 6,57,555
Grand total = 13,80,857
7.0 Output of the Micro-Project:

We Understood how to estimates WBM Road. Composition of WBM Road. Uses and
Advantages of various WBM Road , various methods of quantity calculation of no of
items of WBM Road. possible solutions, and Specification of WBM Road.

8.0 Skill Developed/Learning out of this Micro project:

Sr. No. Technical/Non -Technical Skilled Tick mark ( ) for

developed skills

1 Information collection 
2 Information analysis 
3 Design of project 
4 Programming skills 
5 Leadership 
6 Team management 
7 Creativity 
8 Task management 
9 Critical thinking 
10 Planning 
11 Develop project in deadline driven environment 
12 Any other 