WELCOME TO MY CLASS

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 Course Code: Phy-1107
Course Title: Physics
UG. Department: CSE
Lecture No.: 16
Date: 13.10.2020

TOPIC: ATOMIC STRUCTURE

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 PREVIOUS CLASS
 Experimental Justification of Uncertainty
Principle
(i) Determination of the position of a particle by a
microscope:
(ii) Diffraction by single slit:
 Bohr’s Atom Model
(i) Spectral Series of Hydrogen Atom:
(ii) Some Problems about Bohr’s atom model:

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 TODAY’S TOPICS

Limitation of Bohr’s Atom Model:

Sommerfeld’s Relativistic Atom Model

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Bohr’s Atom Model

Limitation of Bohr’s Atom Model:

According to Bohr, the lines in the hydrogen spectrum should each have a
well-defined wavelength. Spectrographs of high resolving power showed that
the 𝐻𝛼 , 𝐻𝛽 lines in the hydrogen spectrum are not single. Each spectral line
actually consisted of several very close lines packed together. Michelson found
that under high resolution, the 𝐻𝛼 line can be resolved into two close
components, with a wavelength separation of 0.13 Å. This is called the fine
structure of the spectral lines. Bohr, theory could not explain this fine structure.

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Sommerfeld’s Relativistic Atom Model:
To explain the observed fine structure of spectral lines, Somrnerfeld introduced two
main modification in Bohr’s theory.
(i) According to Sommerfeld, the path of an electron around the nucleus, in general, is
an ellipse with the nucleus at one of the foci. The circular orbits of Bohr are a special
case of this.
(ii) The velocity of the electron moving in an elliptical orbit
varies considerably at different parts of the orbit. This
causes relativistic variation in the mass of the moving
electron. Therefore he took into account the relativistic
variation of the mass of the electron with velocity. Hence
this is known as the relativistic atom-model.

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Thank You All

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