9. Name the economic act the triggered the 

Practice Questions  Huk Rebellion.  
 
 
The Bell trade act of 1946 
Identify the following concepts/terms: 
 
 
10. _____ is the American CIA officer who 
1. What type of thinking is founded the 
gave advance to the Philippine Military 
notion that the present is shaped by the 
during the Huk Rebellion.  
past?  
 
 
Edward Lansdale 
Historical Thinking 
 
 
11. ______ is a loosely organized advocacy 
2. What type of thinking looks at the 
and campaign.  
reliability and authenticity of history?  
 
 
Social Movement 
Critical Thinking 
 
 
12. ______ is a shift in the way of looking at 
3. ____ means inquiry in Greek.  
society and religion where it is our 
 
Christian responsibility to help attain 
Hisoria 
paradise.  
 
 
4. Historical account = ______ + _____ + 
Liberation Theology 
______ 
 
 
13. ______ was the first president of the 
Interpretation of evidence; historical explanation; 
independent Republic of the Philippines.  
hindsight 
 
 
Manuel Roxas 
5. An example of physical evidence would be 
 
______.  
14. ______ restored the Commonwealth 
 
government and the Philippine Congress.  
Artefacts 
 
 
Sergio Osmena 
6. _________ criticism focuses on the 
 
truthfulness and authenticity of a 
15. _______ was the associate justice who 
document.  
released Marcos from prison due to his 
 
intelligence.  
Internal 
 
 
Jose P Laurel 
7. _______ is the process of labeling a certain 
 
issue in history.  
16. _______ was the name of the guerilla unit 
 
which Marcos claimed to have led.  
Periodization 
 
 
Ang Maharlika 
8. ________ is a scholarly re-examination or 
 
revision of perspectives. 
17. The President of the Philippines ______ 
 
was the one who overthrew the Marcos 
Historical Revisionism 
administration.  
Corazon Aquino  a. Survivor of Battle of Bataan 
  b. Survivor of Death March  
18. ________ was the bloodless revolution of  c. Leader of guerilla group  
1986.   d. Lieutenant in WWII 
   
People Power  25. How many times did Marcos petition to 
  have guerilla unit recognized? 
19. Other than removing the Marcos  a. 1 
administration, the People Power  b. 2 
Revolution also led to the defeat of _____  c. 3 
as a non-state Left politics movement.   d. 4 
   
CCP  26. Which political figure stood up for Marcos 
  by saying that Marcos was not a 
20. _________ is the peaceful mass protest  collaborator? 
against Estrada and his want to change the  a. Sergio Osmena  
constitution.   b. Manuel Roxas 
  c. Jose Laurel  
EDSA People Power 2  d. Manuel Quezon 
   
21. Archbishop _____ heeded the call to  27. When was Proclamation 1081 signed by 
protest against Marcos military and  Marcos?  
prevented a bloodbath and saved the  a. September 23, 1972 
rebels.   b. September 21, 1972 
  c. September 22, 1972 
Jaime Cardinal Sin  d. September 17, 1972   
   
   
Choose the best option.    
  True or False. If false, explain why.  
22. ______ History contains a narrative and   
an analysis of political personalities,  28. The Sakdalista Movement dealt with 
parties, government, laws & reforms,  Agrarian unrest and succeeded.  
revolutions and coup de etat’s.  False 
a. Cultural  29. Mutual Defense Treaty promised that any 
b. Economic  attack on the Philippines will constitute a 
c. Social   military response from the US.  
d. Political   True 
  30. Armed Forces of the Philippines fought 
23. A book written by a holocaust survivor is  against the internal threat of the Huk 
considered reliable because it is a _____.  Campaign.  
a. Primary Source  True 
b. Secondary Source  31. Social movements are bound to structures 
c. Physical Evidence   and rules.  
d. Written Evidence   False they are bound by a mutual goal 
  32. PKP-HMB followed the reform of the 
24. Marcos wrongfully claimed to be the  Sakdalistas and failed due to their  
following except: 
 33. surrender as they were targeted by the  42. Name 2 pieces of evidence that suggest 
psychological operations of the CIA.   that Martial Law was planned for. 
True  Oplan Sagittarius (military plan to place 
34. Social demography believed in Socialism  Metro Manila and outlying areas under the 
and Marxist-Lenninism.   control of the Philippine Constabulary as 
False National demography believed in socialism as  a prelude to Martial Law), entry in his 
they were extreme left while social demography  diary on September 14, 1972 that he 
believed in social justice and liberation theology  informed the military that he would 
35. Martial law was officially announced by  proceed with proclaiming Martial Law, 
Marcos on September 23, 1972 and it was  Marcos hinted the declaration of Martial 
lifted on January 17, 1981.  Law, when he addressed the Philippine 
True  Military Academy Alumni Association, 
36. First Quarter Storm is the main reason for  etc. 
the declaration of Martial Law.    
False, Political Greed of Marcos   
  43. What are 3 factors that led to the downfall 
Modified Enumeration.  of the Marcos administration?  
   
37. Name the 2 major financial institutions  Chronology. 
that resulted from the Bretton-Woods    
System.   44. Arrange the following chronologically: 
The International Monetary Fund and  a. Mutual Defense Treaty 
The World Bank    b. JUSMAG 
  c. Huk Rebellion 
38. Name 3 forms of Military Neocolonialism  d. Bell Trade Act  
that occurred in the Philippines.   D, C, B, A 
Joint US Military Assistance Group,   
Mutual Defense Treaty, US Military Bases  45. Arrange the following events in the life of 
  Marcos: 
39. Name 2 Hukbalahap leaders.   a. Taking the Bar Examinations  
Luis Taruc, Jesus Lava, Alejandro  b. Prosecution for the murder of 
Simpauco   Julio Nalundasan 
  c. Marcos-Dovie Beams Affair  
40. What are the 3 factors that led to Marcos’  d. Inaugurated as President of the 
rise to power?   Philippines 
Intelligence, Political Prestige/Skills,  e. Acquitted of all court charges by 
Created a positive image of himself   the Supreme Court  
  f. Senate President  
41. Name 3 events that acted as justification  g. Met Imelda Romualdez 
for the implementation of Martial Law.   h. House Representative 
Great Luzon Flood 1972, Plaza Miranda  B, A, E, H, G, F, D, C   
Bombing 1971, First Quarter Storm 1970,   
Enrile Ambush 1972.   46. Arrange the following event of the 
  political career of the Marcoses: 
  a. Announcement of Martial Law 
  b. Diliman Commune 
  c. Won the election for second term 
as President of the Philippines 
 d. First Quarter Storm   c. Malakas at Maganda was an old 
e. Constitutional Convention  myth that was exploited by 
f. Imelda named governor of Metro  Marcos who commissioned artists 
Manila   to paint it in his and Imeld’s 
C, D, B, E, A, F  image 
  d. Marcos used infrastructure and 
Essay Questions  media to spread propaganda of his 
  rule 
47. Explain how media and the arts aided in  e. Iginuhit ng Tadhana - the story of 
combating Martial Law. Cite examples.   Marcos’ life and how he was a war 
Role of media and arts:   hero 
a. Philippine Free Press: through  f. Edifice complex of the various 
Ruben Cuevas’ poem  centers that Marcos put up such 
“Prometheus Unbound” was a  as Cultural Center of the 
peaceful form of dissent as it  Philippines, National High 
spelled, “Marcos, Hitler,  School for Culture and the Arts, 
Diktador, Tuta”   Film Center, Cultural Center 
b. “Ganito Kami Noon, Paano Kayo  g. Malakas at Maganda was an old 
Ngayon?” is a film directed by  myth that was exploited by 
Eddie Romero depicting  Marcos who commissioned artists 
revolution and Filipino resilience   to paint it in his and Imeld’s 
c. “Maynila sa Mga Kuko ng  image 
Liwanag” is a film by Lino Brocka   
is an indirect exposition of a 
society in the claws of the Marcos 
dictatorship.    
d. “Sister Stella L” shows inequality 
of the treatment of the society to 
people based on their status. 
e. Bencab is a key figure in the 
development of protest art against   
Marcos dictatorship 
 
48. What are some of the ways Marcos used   
propaganda to give the impression that his 
power was beneficial to the country?  
   
Marcos used infrastructure and media to 
spread propaganda of his rule 
a. Iginuhit ng Tadhana - the story of 
Marcos’ life and how he was a war 
hero 
b. Edifice complex of the various 
centers that Marcos put up such 
as Cultural Center of the 
Philippines, National High 
School for Culture and the Arts, 
Film Center, Cultural Center 
 In order to properly interpret a document, the 
historian must know how to put questions to it and 
Module 1: History and Sources  know what questions to put.   
 
Sources: Schumacher (“The Historian’s  Nationalist history com in various forms and has 
obstructed the national cause. An example would 
Task) and Tosh (“Pursuit of History”) 
be Pedro Paterno where he praises 19th century 
Schumacher, “The Historian’s Task”   Filipino society, it was a completely misguided and 
Rizal insisted that there was a need or Filipinos to  distorted report of history.  
understand their own past in order to effectively   
shape their future.   The nationalist history of the 1970s rejects the 
  colonialist and elitist approaches to national 
Through the use of the Morga, Rizal aimed to  history. There is a call to uncover the real effects of 
unveil the failure of the Spanish to fulfill their  the colonial experience in order to be freed from 
promise of progress for Filipinos. Through his  colonial myths.  
annotations, it sought to form a national identity   
for Filipinos to recognize that we come from the  Historian needs a p ​ reliminary hypothesis​from 
same roots and experiences.   which to investigate the past. It must have 
  sufficient breadth of vision and encompass all the 
Through history, we are able to ​understand our  facts as well as be ready to alter itself in order to 
past, cultivate our national identity and find  correspond to the facts.  
inspiration for the future​. It is necessary to know   
how to put the questions to the documents in  A true people’s history must see Filipino people as 
order to find the answers we are looking for.   the primary agents in their history. Philippine 
  history should be written from the point of view of 
It is essential to gather the happenings of history  the masses.   
from the different locations in which it took place.   
All levels of society, not just the elite, need to be  Tosh, “Pursuit of History”  
examined in order to attain the complete picture.    
  Notes from Class 
History can never be objective as it is always written  Definition of history: an interpretation of the past 
from a point of view and documents are  to filter out myth and fable 
interpreted by a human interpreter.    
  There are two different types of thinking 
The c​ ritical historical method​requires the  - Historical​: everything happening today, 
historian to base himself on documentation and to  comes from something that has happened 
draw evidence for his assertions or interpretations  in the past  
from the facts found in the documents. Historian  - Critical​: helps to determine what should 
should demonstrate how he bridges the gap  be trusted/what is reliable  
between the documentation and the conclusions   
drawn from it.   Types of sources of history/information 
 
 - Myth​: traditional narrative usually  There are different ways in which we can classify 
involving supernatural or imaginary  these evidences.  
persons   
- Fable​: a story, usually a supernatural one,  Classification 1: T​ ype of 
not based on fact  Documentation/Evidence 
- Legend​: a traditional story popularly  - Written Evidence 
regarded as historical but unauthenticated   - Oral History  
  - Physical Evidence (Artefacts)  
Impact of history:   
It can be weaponized and used for political gains  Classification 2: D ​ egree of Sources  
(e.g. Marcos distorting the guerilla warfare to look  - Primary​: created during the time of the 
like a war hero)   event being studied and/or by a direct 
History can spread ideas, beliefs and values which  witness/participant. It can be written after 
can affect decisions, actions and habits and thus  the event as long as the person is a direct 
have an impact on our society.   witness 
  - Secondary​: Accounts that use primary 
Past vs Narrative:  sources and give an analysis on particular 
Past - actions/events that occurred  historical events (e.g. History books)  
Narrative - historian’s interpretation or account of   
the past   Classification 3:​ Types of Criticisms 
  - External​: Looking at the genuity of 
Looking at history as our past, it is a process and  evidence through physical characteristics 
marked by events. The most important aspect of  and scientific analysis of authenticity  
history is that it is created by ​people​in a certain  - Internal​: Verifying the truthfulness of the 
context​and in a specific period of t​ ime​.   content of the evidence, also a test of 
  authenticity  
It is​ difficult to obtain a comprehensive look   
into the past due to the incomplete information on  When looking at historical data, it is important to 
what happened as information trickles down:  determine what is your focus as it determines the 
1. Events observed  narrative that is being created.  
2. Events observed and remembered  Perspectives used: 
3. Event observed, remembered and recorded  - Political​: narrative and analysis of political 
4. Events with surviving records  personalities, political parties, government, 
5. Available, usable, credible records  laws and reforms and, revolutions and 
  coup d’etat 
Making use of narratives as history looks at a  - Economic​: narrative and analysis of 
historical account which is made up of an  economies, trade markets, growth and 
interpretation of evidence, historical explanation  development, booms and busts, and 
and hindsight.   recessions 
  - Social​: narrative and analysis of one 
One factor that can affect our understanding of  society or group of people, particular social 
history would be the recorded documents of  class, social issues and problems, and social 
evidence of history and how they are examined. 
 movements and advocacies ; poverty and 
discrimination  
- Cultural​: narrative and analysis of culture  Module 8: Social Movements 
and society, culture of a particular group 
of people, art, music and literature, and 
and Fissures
cultural and popular icons 
- Military​: narrative and analysis of military  Sources: Kerkvliet (“Huk Rebellion”), 
leaders, weapons, strategy and tactics, 
battles, campaigns, rebellions and 
Lanzona (“Comrades in Arms”), 
revolutions; military science and strategic  Terami-Wada (“Sakdalistas”)  
studies   Kerkvliet, “The Huk Rebellion”  
- Scientific​: narrative and analysis of   
scientific discoveries and breakthroughs, 
technological evolution, scientists and 
inventors, invention, science, technology  Module 10: Restoration and 
and society  
  Consolidation  
History cannot be fully studied or analyzed 
objectively because its interpretation can be tainted 
with certain biases. Such as through the following 
Sources: Claudio (“People’s Power”) 
characteristics:  and Abinales (“Democratization”) 
- Language​: this reflects culture and how 
Corazon Aquino overthrew the brutal dictatorship 
man reacts to his environment  
of Ferdinand Marcos.  
- Perspective​: the words chosen when 
analyzing a document can imply certain 
 
meanings (e.g. Magellan ​discovered​ the 
 
Philippines vs Magellan a​ rrived ​in the 
 
Philippines)  
 
- Bias​: tendency to believe that some ideas 
are better than others which results in 
treating other option unfairly; this can 
lessened if historians are aware of their 
biases and to make use of different sources 
with different points of view  
- Use/Intent​: To understand the goal of 
the use of history; entertainment, 
educational, prescriptive 
 
Historical Revisionism is the scholarly 
re-examination of existing narratives and facts in 
order to determine distortion of historical record 
and facts.