Grade 10 -History

Revision Sheets
Module 12: The Enlightenment

1. 3
Which statement represents a key idea directly associated with John Locke’s philosophy of Government?

1. Freedom of speech should be denied.

2. The king’s power on Earth comes from God.
3. All people are born with the right to life, liberty, and property.
4. Individuals acting in their own self-interest will achieve economic success.

Page 1 of 11
 Figure 1
Base your answer to the question on the speakers’ statements below and on your knowledge of social studies.

Speaker A: I do not agree with what you have to say, but I’ll defend to the death your right to say it.
Speaker B: Government has no other end, but the preservation of property.
Speaker C: Man is born free, and everywhere he is in shackles.
3. [Refer to figure 1]

2
Which historical figure expressed ideas that are
most similar to those of Speaker B?

1. Thomas Malthus
2. John Locke
3. Peter the Great
4. Bishop Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet

4. [Refer to figure 1]
1
Which historical period is best represented in
the ideas expressed by these speakers?

1. Enlightenment 3. Age of Exploration

2. Counter-Reformation 4.Early Middle Ages
 8. 2
Enlightenment thinkers encouraged the improvement of society through the

1. teachings of the church

2. use of reason
3. development of absolutism
4. establishment of a rigid social hierarchy

9. 4
Jean-Jacques Rousseau and John Locke both agreed that a government should be based on the

1. separation of nationalities
2. religious values of the people
3. equal distribution of wealth
4. consent of the governed

10. 3
Many Enlightenment philosophers used reason to

1. reinforce traditional beliefs

2. strengthen religious authority
3. reveal natural laws
4. encourage censorship
 11. 4
Base your answer to this question on the chart below and on your knowledge of social studies.

Which period is most closely associated with the major ideas of these philosophers?

1. Crusades 3.Reconquista
2. Renaissance 4.Enlightenment

12. 1
According to John Locke, the purpose of government is to

1. protect the natural rights of individuals

2. serve the monarch
3. create overseas settlements
4. stimulate the economy

13. 1
One way in which Montesquieu, Voltaire, and Rousseau are similar is that they were
1. philosophers during the Age of Enlightenment
2. chief ministers during the French Revolution
3. leaders of the Italian unification movement
4. supporters of the Counter Reformation
 14. 4 17. . 4
In Two Treatises of Government, John Locke One contribution that John Locke
wrote that the purpose of government was to made to Enlightenment
philosophywas the idea that
1. keep kings in power 3.expand territory
2. regulate the economy 4.protect natural rights 1. absolute monarchies should continue
2. the punishment should fit the crime
15. 4 3. individual rights should be denied
Which statement expresses an idea of the 4. governments should be based on the consent of
Enlightenment? the people

1. The king is sacred and answers only to God. 18. . 1

2. History is a continuous struggle between According to John Locke, the chief role of
socialclasses. government was to
3. Those who are the most fit will survive
andsucceed. 1. protect natural rights
4. All individuals have natural rights. 2. fight territorial wars
3. ensure the wealth of citizens
4. redistribute land

19. . 3
Locke’s Two Treatises of Government,
Rousseau’s The Social Contract, and
Montesquieu’s The Spirit of the Laws were
workswritten during which time period?
1. Middle Ages 3.Enlightenment
2. Renaissance 4. Reformation

16. 3
Philosophers of the Enlightenment period believed that
society could best be improved by

1. relying on faith and divine right

2. borrowing ideas from ancient Greece and Rome
3. applying reason and the laws of nature
4. studying the practices of successful leaders
 20. 1
Which idea became a central
belief of the enlightenment?

1. The use of reason would lead to human

progress.
2. Mathematics could be used to solve all
human problems.
3. The ancient Romans had the best
form of government.
4. People should give up their natural rights
to their rulers.
 29. 3 30. 4
John Locke and Jean Jacques Rousseau would be
Man is born free and everywhere he is in chains. most likely to support
Everyone has the natural right to life, liberty, and
property. 1. a return to feudalism in Europe
Slavery, torture, and religious persecution are 2. a government ruled by divine right monarchy
wrong. 3. a society ruled by the Catholic Church
4. the right of citizens to decide the best form of
During which period in European history would government
the ideas in these statements have been
expressed?

1. Pax Romana
2. Age of Exploration
3. Enlightenment
4. Age of Imperialism
 32. 4
During the Scientific Revolution and the
Enlightenment, one similarity in the work of many
scientists and philosophers was that they

1. relied heavily on the ideas of medieval thinkers

2. favored an absolute monarchy as a way
of improving economic conditions
3. received support from the Catholic Church
4. examined natural laws governing the

1- An English philosopher who argued that people have natural rights (life, liberty, property):……….
a- John Locke b- Jean Jaques Rousseau
c-Adam Smith

2- Thomas Hobbes advocated that strong leadership is the only kind of government that could …….

a-resolve problems caused by the selfishness, greed, and aggressiveness of human beings.
b-use peace to make people happy
c-solve the economic problems.

3-A voluntary agreement among individuals to secure their rights and welfare by creating a government and
abiding by its rules is called:…………

a-Separation of Powers b-Natural Rights

c-Social Contract

4- The idea that government should stay out of business and economic affairs as much as possible is called
…………………

a-Separation of Powers b-Lassiez Faire

c-Natural Rights

5- French philosopher. He believed that freedom of speech was the best weapon against bad government:

a-. Voltaire b-. Thomas Hobbes

c-. Adam Smith

6- He believed that human being are selfish, greedy , and aggressive by nature:

a-. Voltaire b-. Adam Smith

c-. Thomas Hobbes
7- The idea that all humans are born with rights, which include the right to life, liberty, and property is
called………

a-. Natural Rights b-Lassiez Faire

c-Social Contract

8-A doctrine that states that the right of ruling comes from God and not people's consent is called ……..
a-. Divine Right of Kings b-Direct Democracy:
b- Social Contract:

9- He believed that people in their natural state were basically good but that they were corrupted by the evils of
society:

a- Thomas Hobbes b- Voltaire:

c- Jean-Jaques Rousseau

10- A French political philosopher who advocated the separation of executive and legislative and judicial
powers:

a- Montesquieu: b- Thomas Hobbes

b- John Locke

What is the definition of Geocentric?

Model of the universe with Earth at the center
The Sun is the center of the universe.
Giving power to multiple branches of government to limit individual power

What is the definition of Heliocentric?

Model of the universe with the Sun at the center
Model of the universe with Earth at the center
Process of using scientific methods to discover the truth about the world.

During the Scientific Revolution, European scientists focused their work on explaining
the workings of the natural world
the presence of the divine in nature
the effects of society on the individual
the workings of advanced technologies

How did scientists begin challenging authority during the Scientific Revolution?
By testing old beliefs using logic, math and observations
By reading classic literature
By collecting samples of plant life
By forming new government ideas
Who discovered the idea of gravity?
Copernicus
Galileo
Newton

What fell from the tree to prove gravity?

Orange
Pear
Pineapple
Apple

Which one of these wasn't important during the Scientific Revolution

Experimentation
Religious Beliefs
Observation
 Terms and Names: on the line provided Write the letter of the name that matches the description. Not all
names will be used.
a. Voltaire
b. John Locke
c. Montesquieu
d. Thomas Hobbes
e. Mary Wollstonecraft
f. Jean Jacques Rousseau

E 1.In A Vindication of the Rights of Women, this political thinker presented an argument for the education
of women. She also declared that women should have the same political rights as men.
C 2.This aristocratic philosophe was devoted to the study of political liberty. In his famous book On the
Spirit of the Laws, he proposed that separation of powers would keep any individual or group from gaining total
control of a government.
F 3.This philosophy strongly disagreed with other philosophes on a number of matters. For instance,
although most philosophes believed that reason, science, and art improve the lives of all people, he argued that
civilization corrupts people's natural goodness.
A 4.This philosophe's masterful use of satire got him into frequent trouble with the clergy, the aristocracy,
and the government of France. Despite serving two prison terms and being exiled, he never stopped fighting for
tolerance, reason, freedom of religion, and freedom of speech.
B 5.This political thinker felt that people are reasonable beings. He supported self-government and argued
that the purpose of government is to protect the natural rights of people. If the government fails to protect these
natural rights, he said, citizens have the right to overthrow it.
D 5.This political thinker believed that all humans are naturally selfish and wicked. He argued, therefore,
those strong governments are necessary to control human behavior. To avoid chaos, he said, people enter into a
social contract. They give up their rights in exchange