SCALAR & VECTOR

QUANTITIES

Lesson 2
 01
SCALAR
is a quantity that can be completely
described by a magnitude only, that is
simply numerical value and a unit
 SCALAR QUANTITIES

All fundamental quantities are

scalars – length, mass, time,
temperature, amount of
substance, electric current,
distance, and speed.
 SCALARS
Symbol Name Example
d distance 20 m
v speed 5 m/s
t time 3s
E energy 15,000 J
 02
VECTOR
is a quantity that needs both
magnitude and direction to completely
describe it
 VECTOR QUANTITIES

force, displacement,
velocity, momentum,
and acceleration
 VECTORS
Symbol Name Example
d displacement 20 m, North
v velocity 5 m/s NW
F force 50 N up
2
a acceleration 8 m/s down
Quick Check:
Categorize each quantity as being either a
vector or a scalar.
1. 37°C
2. 100 kph
3. 20 m/s North
4. 5 km Southeast
5. 4,000 Calories
 VECTOR
REPRESENTATION
 Graphically, vectors are
represented by an arrow.
The length of an arrow
represents the magnitude
of the vector while the
direction of the arrow
represents the direction of
the vector.
 ● d = 100 km East
● Scale: 1cm : 20 km

Example #1
A displacement of
100 km to the East 1 cm
 ● F = 30 N up
● Scale: 1cm : 10 N

Example #2
A force of 30 N up
 ● v = 60 kph NW
● Scale: 1cm : 10 kph

Example #3
A velocity of 60 kph
Northwest
Try to scale the following vectors:

1. d = 100 km West
2. v = 80 km/h Northeast
3. F = 50 N South
Anil cycled from his home to the park.
Anil waited in the park.
Then he cycled back home.
Here is a distance-time graph for Anil’s complete
journey.

(a) At what time did Anil leave

home?
(b) What is the distance from
Anil’s home to the park?
(c) How many minutes did Anil
wait in the park?
A man left home at 12 noon to go for a cycle ride.
The travel graph represents part of the man’s
journey.

At 12.45pm the man stopped for a rest.

(a) For how many
minutes did he rest?
(b) Find his distance
from home at
1.30pm.
 Exercise
Every morning Tom walks along a
straight road from his home to a bus
stop, a distance of 160 meters. The
graph shows his journey on one
particular day.
a. In 50 seconds, how long does Tom
travelled?
b. How long does it take for Tom to
arrive at the bus stop?
c. How fast Tom walks in section A? C?
 Interpretation
A. In this section of the journey Tom walks
away from home at a speed of 2 meters per
second (100 ÷ 50) for 50 seconds.
B. The negative slope here means a change in
direction. At 100 meters from home Tom
starts to walk towards home. He walks for 60
meters at a speed of 3 meters per second (60
÷ 20).
C. At the start of this section Tom changes
direction. He is now walking away from home
at a fast pace. His speed is 4 meters per
second (120 ÷ 30). He moves at this speed
for 30 seconds and covers 120 meters.
D. Here the slope is zero. This means at 160
meters from home Tom stops. It has taken
him 100 seconds to get to this point.
 THANKS
Do you have any questions?

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