SCALAR AND

VECTOR
QUANTITIES
 SCALAR QUANTITIES
quantities described only by its magnitude
and has no direction
ex. mass, distance, time, temperature,
density
it can be combined by adding or subtracting
their magnitude
SCALAR QUANTITIES

Mass 15 kilograms
Time 30 seconds
Speed 100 m/s
Energy 4,000 J
 VECTOR QUANTITIES
quantities described by its magnitude and
direction.
ex. displacement, velocity, weigh, Force
A vector’s direction can be described from its
starting to final point.
tail V head
 VECTOR QUANTITIES

Velocity 80 m/s Westward

Displacement 20 m East
Acceleration 9.8 m/s²
Force 500 N, 20° N of E
 COMBINATION OF VECTOR

1. Vectors in the same direction (Parallel)

2. Vectors in opposite direction (Antiparallel)

 COMBINATION OF VECTOR

3. Vectors with different directions

c
a

c= a² + b²
 VECTOR ADDITION

The teacher traveled 40 meters going

north, 50 meters going east, 40 meters
going south and 50 meters going west.
 DISTANCE

The length of the actual paths traveled.

 DISPLACEMENT

The length and direction of the change in

position measured from the starting point.
Cartesian Coordinate System

N
y

W E x

S
HOW TO FIND DISTANCE AND
DISPLACEMENT
Three monkeys A, B and C start from the same
point O. Monkey A went 3 km North and then 4.0
km West. Monkey B went 5 km east and monkey
C went around the circular path of diameter 2 km.
Determine (a) the distance traveled by each
monkey and (b) the displacement of each monkey
from point O.
 EXERCISES

Draw the following vectors:

1. 100 N east
2. 50 N 30° North of East
3. 20 m West
4. 9.8 m/s² downward
5. 80 m/s along the negative y-axis
RESULTANT VECTOR
RESULTANT VECTOR

Two or more vectors can be represented

by a single vector.
Graphical method
Component method
GRAPHICAL METHOD
SAMPLE PROBLEM

Andre was observing an ant that crawled along a

tabletop. With a piece of chalk, he followed its
path. He determined the ant’s displacement by
using a rules and protractor. The displacements
were as follows: 2 cm east; 3.5 cm, 32° N of E; and
2.3 cm, 22° W of N. Draw the resultant vector.
SAMPLE PROBLEM

Graphical Method
1 - 6 N at East
st

2nd - 7 N 40° North of East

3rd - 9 N at South
4 - 4 N 30° North of West
th

5th - 8 N at 70° South of West

COMPONENT METHOD
COMPONENT METHOD

More convenient and accurate way of

adding vectors
Identifying x and y components of the
force vector
SAMPLE PROBLEM

Component Method
1 - 6 N at East
st

2nd - 7 N 40° North of East

3rd - 9 N at South
4 - 4 N 30° North of West
th

5th - 8 N at 70° South of West