VECTORS AND SCALAR

QUANTITIES
 PHYSICAL QUANTITIES
are divided into two groups,
The first group consists of
length, area, volume, and speed

while the second group consists of

force, velocity, and accceleration.

Which group do you think gives a clearer picture of quantities?

There are physical quantities in physics . When we
say that the mass of an umbrella is 3 kilograms, such
information gives the magnitude and unit of mass.
This quantity is called
SCALAR
A scalar is a quantity that can be completely
described by a single value called magnitude.

Magnitude means the size or amount and always

includes units of measurement.
Sometimes a single number does not include
enough information to describe a measurement.
To describe the velocity of a car by saying that it
is 50 kmh is incomplete. There is still a need to
describe the motion of direction of the car.
Giving complete directions would mean including
instructions to go to 50 kilometres to the north,
turn right, then go to two kilometres to east.
The type of quantities which contains direction
is called the
Vector.
 SCALAR OR VECTOR
 MAGNITUDE MASS
DISPLACEMENT FORCE
MAGNITUDE WITH TEMPERATUR
DIRECTION E
DISTANCE ACCELERATIO
SPEED N
VELOCITY VOLUME
Since vectors are quantities with specified
magnitudes and direction, the most appropriate
representation of the vectors is the arrow ( ).

Why? This is because the length of the arrow with

respect to some chosen scale indicates the
magnitude while the arrowhead represents the
direction of the vector.
A vector is usually represented by a letter with an
arrow above it
( A ) .The same letter without an arrow indicates the
magnitude.
The direction of some vectors is given in terms
used by weather forecaster, travelers, map
readers and cartographers. The basic reference
for angles is the following.
For example: we draw a vector for a wind
blowing at 30km/h in the northeast direction
600
SCALAR ADDITION

 Adding scalar quantities is similar to ordinary

addition. We add together the quantities express in
the same units.

However, you must be careful about how the given

magnitude are expressed. If there are two different
units, you need to convert the unit before adding.
  Example:
If the mass (m1)=25g and another mass (m2)=50g
their sum is
m=m1 + m2
Thus, m= 25g + 50g
m= 75g
 
However, you must be careful about how the given
magnitude are expressed. If there are two different
units, you need to convert the unit before adding.
Example:
If mass (m1)= 25g and another mass (m2)= 5kg.
What is the total mass of an object?
Thus, convert g to kg so that, 
25g x 1kg/1000g =25/1000 or 0.025kg
Therefore, m = m1 + m2
=0.025 kg + 5kg
=5.025kg (total mass of an object)
VECTOR ADDITION
To determine the resultant of two or more
vectors acting together in the same direction,
add the given vectors and take the common
direction.

On the other hand, to find the resultant of two

vectors with opposite direction, get the difference
and take the direction of the vector with the
greater value.
 COMBINATION OF
VECTORS
1. Vectors in the same direction
(parallel)
2. Vectors in the opposite direction
(antiparallel)
3. Vectors with different directions
 Vectors in the same direction
1.

(parallel)
2. Vectors in the opposite direction (antiparallel)
SAMPLE PROBLEM
1. A cross-country skier skis 1km north and then 2km east
on a horizontal snow field. How far and in what direction is
she from the starting point.
2. A students walks 4 meters to the west, then 6 meters to
the north and 4 meters to the west. Find the students
displacement
3. find the resultant of two force, 12 N east and 5 N east.
4.
Describing ONE DIMENSIONAL
motion
KINEMATICS
 KINEMATICS
 Is
a branch of mechanics that deals with describing an object’s
motion without considering its causes.
One dimensional Kinematics, therefore, is about
describing the motion of objects along a straight path
(rectilinear motion) through words, diagrams, graphs or
equations.
WHAT I KNOW
1. Which of the following is an example of acceleration?
A. 10 m/s B. 10 m C. 10 s D. 10 m/s2
2. It is defined as the rate of change of velocity.
A. Distance B. displacement C. speed D. acceleration
3. What is measured by a car’s speedometer?
A. Average speed C. Instantaneous speed
B. Average acceleration D. Instantaneous acceleration
Motion is all around us. Every day, we see objects
that are moving like people walking or running,
ball rolling, birds flying in the sky, vehicles
running on the road and many more. We also
noticed that object move in different ways. Some
in curved paths, others in straight-line path. In this
lesson, we will mathematically describe the
motion of objects along a straight-line path ( one-
dimensional motion) in terms of distance,
displacement, speed, velocity and acceleration
Activity 1: Describing Motion
Direction: Measure the distance and displacement from a travel
map.
Material: ruler
Diagram:
Angelo, a fourth year student, monitored his trip from his house
to school. He walked from his house (A) to the nearby jeepney
stop (B) for 4 minutes. He traveled by jeepney for 10 minutes to
the tricycle stop near his school (C). From the tricycle stop, he
took a tricycle to (D) for 2 minutes until he reached the school
(E) for another 2 minutes.
Procedure
Measure the line segment AB, BC, CD and DE on the map
shown in Fig.1 using a ruler. Record the data in column 3 of
Table 1.1 below. Convert your measured value to kilometers
using the scale given above and record it in column 4 of the
same table. Record the corresponding time of travel in column
5.
Compute Angelo’s average speed in km/min from A to B, B to
C, C to D, and finally D to E. Write the corresponding values
in column 6.
Convert the speed in km/min to km/h and write the values in
column 7.
 Means Line Length Distanc Time Distance/ Distance/
of Segment of Line e (km) of time time (km/h)
Transp Segmen Travel (km/min)
ort Used t (cm) (min)
walking AB

jeepney BC

tricycle CD

tricycle DE