Animal cells &

Plant cells
 differentiate plant cells and animal cells
 elaborate the different components of cells
Illustrate the process of photosynthesis and
cellular respiration.
cell
The smallest living unit
Most are microscopic
 Observed sliver of cork
 Saw “row of empty boxes”
“I am
• .” made up of cells– billions and billions of cells. My whole
body is cells”
Theodor Schwann & Matthias Schleiden
“ all living things are made of cells”

 Rudolf Virchow

“all cells
come from
cells”
 Principles of Cell Theory
 All living things are made of cells
 Smallest living unit of structure and function
of all organisms is the cell
 All cells arise from pre-existing cells
TWO TYPES OF CELLS
PARTS OF THE CELL
 MECHANISMS FOR TRANSPORT ACROSS CELL
MEMBRANE
1 Passive transport
- does not require energy
Diffusion
- net movement of molecules from higher to lower concentration
Facilitated diffusion
- transport molecules and ion using certain protein carrier
Osmosis
- diffusion of water across a differentially permeable membrane.
- osmotic pressure is the pressure that develop in a system due to osmosis
 How do solutes create osmotic pressure?
a. Isotonic solution
- the solute concentration and the solvent concentration both
outside and inside the cell are equal.
b. Hypotonic solution
- lower concentration of solute outside the cell than inside the cell.
( Swell)
- turgor pressure the swelling of plant cells
c. Hypertonic Solution
- higher concentration of solute outside than inside the cell. ( shrink)
- Plasmolysis in plant cells
- crenation in animal cells
Photosynthesis is the process used by plants,
algae and certain bacteria to harness energy from
sunlight and turn it into chemical energy.
Cellular respiration is a metabolic pathway that
breaks down glucose and produces ATP (adenosine
triphosphate).
2 TYPES OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS REACTION
1. Light-dependent reaction
energy from sunlight is absorbed by chlorophyll and converted into
stored chemical energy, in the form of the electron carrier molecule
NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) and the energy
currency molecule ATP (adenosine triphosphate).
2. Light-independent reaction (Calvin cycle)
takes place in the stroma, uses energy derived from these compounds to
make GA3P from CO2.