MWENGE CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY

(MWECAU)

DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL SCIENCE AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

COURSE TITTLE: CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS AND EQUILIBRIUM PRACTICAL

COURSE INSTRUCTOR: Dr. ASSEY

COURSE CODE: CHE203

WORK TYPE: PRACTICAL NO 3

GROUP NO; B2

GROUP MEMBERS:

NO NAME REGETRATION NUMBER SIGNATURE

1 JACOB J. MLOWE T/DEG/2019/0948

2 BENDICTO P. PETER T/DEG/2019/0958

3 INNOCENT G. CHONYA T/DEG/2019/0977

4 GEORGE MATHIAS T/DEG/2019/0993

5 AGNESS J. SUNGA T/DEG/2019/1049

6 DIANA FELESIAN T/DEG/2019/1054

7 MWASHI M. MSWAHIL T/DEG/2019/1129

DATE OF EXPERIMENT; 2021

TITLE OF EXPERIMENT NO 3; DETERMINATION OF EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANT

1. Objective
 To determine equilibrium constant from the reaction of water and ethyl acetate to form
ethanol and acetic acid

2. Materials

i. Chemicals ;

 Ethyl acetate

 Water

 Sodium hydroxide

 Hydrochloric acid

 Phenolphthalein indicator

ii. Glassware’s;

 Test tubes

 Measuring cylinder

 Burette reading

 Conical flas

Iii Devices;

 Aluminum foil or stopper

 Parafilm wax paper

 Test tube rack

3. Procedures
PART I; SOLUTION PREPARATION

I. Three clean and dried test tube (marked A,B and C) obtained

II. 5ml of 3M HCL and 5ml of ethyl acetate added to test tube A

III. 5ml of 3M HCL, 4ml of ethyl acetate and 1ml of distilled water were added to
test tube B

IV. 5ml of 3M HCL, 3ml of ethyl acetate and 2ml of distilled water were added to
test tube C

V. Careful the cork wrapped with aluminum foil such that no cork is visible and
stopper the test tube with this cork per each test tube A,B and C

VI. The small Parafilm wax paper used to further seal each test tube

VII. The test tubes placed in the designed rack and allowed to stand at a room
temperature until the next lab period

PART II: DATERMINATION OF MOLES OF HCL AND H2O IN 3 M HCL SOLUTIONS

I. 20ml of distilled water were added to an Erlenmeyer flask

II. 5ml of 3M of HCL added to the flask

III. 2 drops of phenolphthalein indicator solution were added into the flask

IV. The NaOH were filled in the burette then initial volume of NaOH in the burette
were recorded before the beginning of each titration

V. Titration beginning and stirring the solution in the Erlenmeyer flask as NaOH
added drop-wise approach until the Colour change from pink and then fade back
to a colourless solution as stirred.

VI. The procedures were repeated two more times.

 PART III: DATERMINATION OF TOTAL MOLES OF ACID AT AT EQUILIBRIUM (1
WEEK)

I. 20ml of distilled water were added to an Erlenmeyer

II. The solution in the test tube A were added to the flask

III. 2 drops of phenolphthalein indicator solution in the flask

IV. The titration were beginning using the 1M NaOH solution

V. The procedures were repeated in test tube B and C, all data were recorded
in the table

4. Calculation

Moles of NaOH

Data for trial 1

Volume of acid (Va) =5ml

Molarity of acid (Ma) =3M

Volume of base (Vb) =5.1ml

Molarity of base (Mb) =?

Moles of NaOH=?

From;

Mb=MaVa/Vb

Mb=3×5/5.1
Mb=2.94

But; n=molarity (M) ×volume (V)

n=2.94×0.0051

n=0.015moles

Moles of NaOH

Data for trial 2

Volume of acid (Va) =5ml

Molarity of acid (Ma) =3M

Volume of base (Vb) =5.1ml

Molarity of base (Mb) =?

Moles of NaOH=?

From;

Mb=MaVa/Vb

Mb=3×5/5.1
Mb=2.94

But; n=molarity (M) ×volume (V)

n=2.94×0.0051

n=0.015moles

Moles of NaOH

Data for trial 3

Volume of acid (Va) =5ml

Molarity of acid (Ma) =3M

Volume of base (Vb) =5.2ml

Molarity of base (Mb) =?

Moles of NaOH=?

From;

Mb=MaVa/Vb

Mb=3×5/5.2
Mb=2.9

But; n=molarity (M) ×volume (V)

n=2.9×0.0051

n=0.015moles

Table 1. Moles of HCL

TRIA 1 TRIAL 2 TRIAL 3

Concentration of standard NaOH(M) 1 1 1

Initial burette reading(ml) 0.00 5.10 10.20

Final burette reading(ml) 5.10 10.20 15.40

Volume of NaOH used 5.10 5.10 5.20

Moles of NaOH 0.015 0.015 0.015

Moles of HCL in 5.00ml of 3M HCL 0.015 0.015 0.015

solution

Average moles of HCL 0.015

Moles calculation of NaOH in each test tube A, B and C

From; n=M× volume in dm3

Moles test tube A (n) = (1×13/1000) moles

n=0.0131 moles
 Moles test tube A (n) = 0.0131 moles

Moles test tube B (n) = (1×12.5/1000) moles

n=0.013 moles

Moles test tube B (n) = 0.013 moles

Moles test tube C (n) = (1×12.4/1000) moles

n=0.0124moles

Moles test tube B (n) = 0.0124moles

Total moles = (0.0131+0.013+0.0124) moles

Total moles =0.039 moles

Data

Table 2 titration of equilibrium solutions

tube A tube B tube C

Concentration of standard NaOH(M) 1 1 1

Initial burette reading(ml) 0.00 13.00 27.50

Final burette reading(ml) 13.00 27.50 39.90

Volume of NaOH used 13.00 12.5 12.4

Moles of NaOH=total moles of acid 0.0131 0.013 0.0124

Total moles 0.039 moles

Mass of water in HCL solution;

GIVEN:

Density of 3M HCL=1.05g/ml
Mass of 5.00ml of 3MHCL;

gHCL solution=density × volume

gHCL solution=1.05g/ml×5.00ml

gHCL solution=5.25g

Mass of HCL in 3M HCL solution;

Mass HCL=V HCL X M HCL X Molar mass HCL

Mass HCL=(0.005 x 3.03mol HCL/L) x 36.46g/mole

Mass HCL= 0.552 in HCL solution

Mass of water in 5.00ml of 3.0M HCL

Mass H2O in solution = mass total –mass HCL

Mass H2O in solution =5.25g HCL solution -0.552g HCL

Mass H2O in solution =4.70g of pure water

Moles of water in 5.00ml of 3.0M HCL

Moles H2O = Mass H2O x Molar mass H2O

Moles H2O =4.70g H2O x 1mole H2O/18.0g H2O

Moles H2O =0.261 moles H2O

Initial moles of EtAC in each test tube

Give;

Density of EtAC=0.893g/ml

Molar mass 88.00g/mole of EtAC

For test tube A;

Mass= density x volume

Mass of EtAC=0.893g/ml X 5ml of EtAC

Mass of EtAC=4.465g EtAC

Moles=mass/molar mass

Moles= (4.465g EtAC)/ (88g/mole)

Moles=0.05Initial moles of EtAC in test tube A

For test tube B;

Mass= density x volume

Mass of EtAC=0.893g/ml X 4ml of EtAC

Mass of EtAC=3.57g EtAC

Moles=mass/molar mass

Moles=3.57gEtAC)/ (88g/mole)

Moles=0.0406 Initial moles of EtAC in test tube B

For test tube C;

Mass= density x volume

Mass of EtAC=0.893g/ml X 3ml of EtAC

Mass of EtAC=2.679g EtAC

Moles=mass/molar mass

Moles= (2.679g EtAC)/ (88g/mole)

Moles=0.03 Initial moles of EtAC in test tube C

Moles of HAc at equilibrium in each test tube A, B and C

Given; M NaOH=1.009MNaOH

Moles of HAc at equilibrium in test tube A

Given;

Volume (V) used test tube A= 13.1/1000=0.0131dm3

Calculate the moles of acid from titration test tube A

Moles NaOH=V NaOH X M NaOH

Moles NaOH=0.0131dm3 x 1.009M

Moles NaOH=0.0132moles

Moles NaOH=0.0132moles =0.0132moles of acid

Moles HAc=total moles acid –moles HCL

Moles HAc=0.0132moles-0.0152moles HCL

Moles HAc=-0.0019moles

Moles of HAc at equilibrium in test tube B

Given;

Volume (V) used test tube B= 12.5/1000=0.0125dm3

Calculate the moles of acid from titration test tube B

Moles NaOH=V NaOH X M NaOH

Moles NaOH=0.0125dm3 x 1.009M

Moles NaOH=0.0126moles

Moles NaOH=0.0126moles =0.0126moles of acid

Moles HAc=total moles acid –moles HCL

Moles HAc=0.0126moles -0.0152moles HCL

Moles HAc=-0.002moles

Moles of HAc at equilibrium in test tube C

Given;

Volume (V) used test tube B= 12.4/1000=0.0124dm3

Calculate the moles of acid from titration test tube C

Moles NaOH=V NaOH X M NaOH

Moles NaOH=0.0124dm3 x 1.009M

Moles NaOH=0.0125moles

Moles NaOH=0.0125moles =0.0125moles of acid

Moles HAc=total moles acid –moles HCL

Moles HAc=0.0125moles -0.0152moles HCL

Moles HAc=-0.0026moles

To calculate the moles ofEtAC , EtOHand H2O

EtAC + H2O EtOH + HAc

Initial 0.0406 0.3165 0.00 0.00

Change -0.0252 -0.0252 +0.0252 + 0.0252

Equilibrium 0.0154 0.2913 0.0252 0.0252

To calculate the value of equilibrium constant;

[EtOH ] [HAc ]
KC =
[EtAC ][ H 2O]

[0.0252][0.0252]
KC =
[0.0154][0.2913]

Kc=0.139

Table 3 equilibrium constant calculation

TUBE A TUBE B TUBE C

Initial moles of EtAC 0.05 0.04 0.03

Initial moles of H2O 0.25 0.3 0.36

Final burette reading(ml) 13.1 12.5 12.4

Total moles of acid (from table 2) 0.0131 0.0131 0.0131

Average moles of HCL(from table 1) 0.015 0.015 0.015

Moles of HAc(at equilibrium) -0.0019 -0.002 -0.0026

Moles of EtOH (atequilibrium) 0.048 0.038 0.028

Moles of EtAc(atequilibrium) 0.002 0.002 0.002

Moles of H2O(atequilibrium) 0.248 0.298 0.358

Equilibrium constant (Kc) 0.194 0.128 0.078

Average Kc=0.133

KC for test tube A

[EtOH ] [HAc ]
KC =
[EtAC ][ H 2O]
 [0.048][0.002]
KC =
[0.002][0.248]

KC=0.194

KC for test tube A is 0.194

KC for test tube B

[EtOH ] [HAc ]
KC =
[EtAC ][ H 2O]

[0.038][0.002]
KC =
[0.002][0.298]

KC=0.128

KC for test tube B is 0.128

KC for test tube C

[EtOH ] [HAc ]
KC =
[EtAC ][ H 2O]

[0.028][0.002]
KC =
[0.002][0.358]

KC=0.078

KC for test tube C is 0.078

5. Observation and result

 -During the titration Colour changes from colourless to pink under P.O.P indicator used
with the following burette readings was observed

Table of result for HCL

1 2 3

Final burette reading(ml) 5.1 10.20 15.40

Initial burette reading(ml) 0.00 5.1 10.20

Volume of NaOH used 5.1 5.1 5.2

Table of result for test tube A, B and C

tube A tube B tube C

Initial burette reading(ml) 0.00 13.00 27.50

Final burette reading(ml) 13.00 27.50 39.90

Volume of NaOH used 13.00 12.5 12.4

Conclusion