FACULTY OF APPLIED SCIENCE

CHM421 – ANALYTICAL CHEMSITRY

LABORATORY REPORT

NO OF EXPERIMENT: 3
TITLE OF EXPERIMENT: NEUTRALISATION CAPACITY OF
COMMERCIAL ANTACID TABLET
STUDENT’S NAME: NUR HANNAN NAJIHAH BINTI
HAMDHAN
MATRIC NO: 2022478318
CLASS GROUP: AS2352A2
DATE OF EXPERIMENT: 3 MAY 2023
DATE OF SUBMISSION: 24 MAY 2023
LECTURER’S NAME: DR NURULFAZLINA EDAYAH BINTI
RASOL
OBJECTIVE
1. To prepare Hydrochloric Acis solution
2. To standardise the acid against sodium hydroxide
3. To determine neutralisation capacity of a commercial antacid tablet

INTRODUCTION
In this experiment the preparation of Hydrochloric acid was conducted and standardise using
the same method in the experiment 2. The Hydrochloric acid solution will be titrated with
NaOH solution that was prepared. Hydrochloric acid cannot be considered as the primary
standard solution because of its gaseous form at room temperature and must be standardized
against either NaOH solution, anhydrous Na2 CO 3 or any other solutions. This standardised
HCL solution will be used to determine the neutralisation capacity of antacid tablet.
Antacid is a substance that neutralizes acid in the stomach as it contains active ingredients
such as carbonate ion (CO 2−¿¿
3 or hydroxide ion (OH-). In this experiment, an antacid tablet
was neutralized with HCl solution. The purpose of this experiment is to determine the mass
and percentage of hydroxide ions or equivalent hydroxide that is present in the tablet. HCl
solution help the antacid acid to dissolve as it is not dissolved in water alone. Since the HCl is
excess, the addition of some HCl solution will react with the base present in the tablet. The
remaining amount of HCl solution is the analysed with the standard NaOH solution. The
difference in the amount of HCl added and the amount of HCl remaining gives the amount of
the HCl that reacts with the tablet.

PROCEDURE
A. PREPARATION OF THE HYDROCHLORIC ACID SOLUTION

1. The volume of 6.0 M HCl to prepared 500 ml of 0.25M HCl was calculated. About
80% of distilled water was added into the 500 ml conical flask. By using the
graduated cylinder, the calculated volume of 6.0M HCl was measured and transferred
to the conical flask. Distilled water was added up to the calibrated mark to made a
250 ml mark on the conical flask. The flask as then covered with parafilm and mixed
well.

B. STANDARDISATION OF THE ACID AGAINST SODIUM HYDROXIDE

1. A 50 ml burette was rinsed and filled with NaOH solution. The initial reading of the
burette was recorded after making sure that there are no air bubbles trapped in the tip
of the burette.
2. 10 ml pf prepared hydrochloric solution was pipette and transferred into a clean
conical flask. About 20 ml of distilled water followed by 3 drops of phenolphthalein
indicator was added to the flask and titrated to the end-point with the standard NaOH
 solution. The final reading of the titrant was recorded. The titration was repeated for
another 3 sample.
C. DETERMINATION OF NEUTRALISATION CAPACITY OF AN ANTACID
TABLET

1. The burette used in part B was refilled with NaOH solution. The initial reading
recorded.
2. One antacid tablet obtain in the laboratory. Without touching using hand, the tablet
was weighed the mass was recorded. The antacid tablet then crushed using a mortar
and pestle. The crushed antacid tablet was split into three samples with similar weight.
The mass of each crushed sample was recorded. Each sample was transferred to clean
250 ml conical flask.
3. 25 ml of distilled water was measured and poured onto the flask. Using a volumetric
pipette, 25 ml of prepared standard acid solution was dispensed into the flask
containing the crushed tablet. The content was then heated on the hot plate and let it
boiled for 5 minutes. Using litmus paper, the solution was checked to make sure only
acid solution contained in the solution.
4. The solution was let cool to room temperature by placed the flask in a beaker of tap
water. 5 drops of phenolphthalein was added to the solution. The indicator will change
the colourless solution to pale-pink colour. The titration was conducted carefully to
not exceed the end point.
5. The experiment was repeated with other 2 samples.

RESULT
A. PREPARATION OF THE HYDROCHLORIC ACID SOLUTION

M 1 V 1= M 2 V 2
( 6 ) V 1=( 0.25 )( 500 )
(0.25)(500)
V 1=
( 6)
¿ 20.8 ml

Volume of 6.0 M HCl taken = 20.8 ml

B. STANDARDISATION OF THE ACID AGAINST SODIUM HYDROXIDE

Rough 1 2 3
Volume of the acid used (ml) 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0
Final reading of NaOH 32.5 32.0 29.2 28.9
Initial reading of NaOH 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Volume of NaOH (ml) used 32.5 32.0 29.2 28.9
Molarity of NaOH = 0.25 M
Titration 1:
Molarity of HCl:
M 1 V 1= M 2 V 2

M 1 ( 10 )=( 0.25 ) ( 32.0 )

( 0.25 ) ( 32.0 )
M 1=
( 10 )
= 0.80 M
Titration 2:
Molarity of HCl:
M 1 V 1= M 2 V 2

M 1 ( 10 )=( 0.25 ) ( 29.2 )

( 0.25 ) ( 29.2 )
M 1=
( 10 )
= 0.73 M
Titration 3:
Molarity of HCl:
M 1 V 1= M 2 V 2

M 1 ( 10 )=( 0.25 ) ( 28.9 )

( 0.25 ) ( 28.9 )
M 1=
( 10 )
= 0.72 M
0.80+0.73+ 0.72
Average molarity of HCl =
3
= 0.75 M

Standard deviation of molarity of HCl = √( ( 9 ×10 −4

) + ( 1.6 × 10−3 ) + ( 2.5× 10−3 ) )
3−1
= 0.05
 C. DETERMINATION OF NEUTRALISATION CAPACITY OF AN ANTACID
TABLET

Weigh of one whole antacid tablet = 0.518 g

1 2 3
Weight of crushed antacid tablet 0.191 0.191 0.191
Volume of standard HCl added (ml) 25.00 25.00 25.00
Final reading of standard NaOH (ml) 41.00 40.90 42.30
Initial reading of standard NaOH (ml) 0.00 0.00 0.00
Volume of standard NaOH (ml) used 41.00 40.90 42.30

To calculate the number of mol of excess HCl:

Mol of excess HCl=M NaOH V NaOH

Titration 1:
0.25 ×41.00
Mol of excess HCl= = 1.025×10−2 mol
1000

Titration 2:
0.25 ×40.90
Mol of excess HCl = = 1.0225 ×10−2 mol
1000

Titration 3:
0.25 ×42.30
Mol of excess HCl = = 1.0275 ×10−2 mol
1000

0.25 ×25
Mol of HCl used = = 6.25 ×10−3 mol
1000

Mole of HCl reacted = mol of HCl – mol of excess HCl

Titration 1:
Mol of reacted HCl = 6.25 ×10−3 mol – 1.025×10−2 mol
 = 4×10−3mol
Titration 2:
Mol of reacted HCl = 6.25×10−3 mol – 1.0225 ×10−2 mol

= 3.98×10−3 mol

Titration 3:
Mol of reacted HCl = 6.25×10−3mol – 1.0275 ×10−2 mol

= 4.023 ×10−3mol

Total mol HCl react with antacid tablet = 0.0120 mol

Molar mass of Al ( OH )3=26.98+3 ( 16 ) +3 ( 1 )

= 77.98 g/mol
Mass of antacid tablet = 0.0120 mol × 77.98 g/mol
= 0.9358 g

HCl + NaOH NaCl + H 2 O

1 mol of HCl = 1 mol of NaOH
N total of HCl = N total of NaOH
0.0120 mol of HCl = 0.0120 mol of NaOH

−¿¿

NaOH → N a+¿+O H ¿

−¿¿
1 mol of NaOH = 1 mol of O H
0.0120 mol of NaOH = 0.0120 mol of O H−¿¿

Al ( OH )3 → Al +3 O H −¿¿

1 mol Al ( OH )3= 3 mol O H−¿¿

N mol Al ( OH )3 = 0.012 mol O H−¿¿

Mol of Al ( OH )3 = 0.004 mol

Mass of Al ( OH )3 in one tablet = 0.004 mol X 77.98 g/mol
= 0.3119 g
mass of antacid tablet
% w/w =
mass of sampel
0.3199
= × 100
0.9358
= 34.18 %

DISSCUSSION
The main experiment is to neutralize the capacity of commercial antacid tablet. As we know,
our body produced acid in stomach. Antacid is a substance that help to neutralizes the excess
acid in your body. For part A, the preparation of HCl solution was initiated by calculating the
volume of HCl solution requires to prepare 250 ml of 0.5 M HCl from 6M HCL solution. By
using the formula M1V1=M2V2, the volume of HCl was known to be 20.8 ml.
In part B, the HCl that was prepared in part A was then titrated with NaOH solution that was
already prepared during experiment 2. The average molarity of HCl then was calculated and
the result was 0.73M. With the known average molarity, the standard deviation of molarity of
HCl is 0.05.
For part c, the antacid tablet was crushed to have more surface to react with water. The total
number of mol of HCl react with the antacid tablet is 0.0120 mol. The mass of the antacid
tablet was known to be 0.9358 g, while the mass of Al ( OH )3 in one antacid tablet was
calculated to be 0.3199 g. The percentage of weight was calculated to be 34.18 %.
All this result might be not accurate because of a few error occurs during the experiment such
as the parallex error while taking the reading of the burette. As we know when taking a
reading, the eye level should be perpendicular with the scalar to get more accurate value.
Other that that, the air bubbles might be trapped in the tip of the burette before start doing the
experiment.

CONCLUSION
In conclusion, hydrochloric acid solution can be prepared by adding 20.8 ml of 6M HCl
solution to prepare 500 ml of 0.25M of HCl solution. The standardisation process of acid
against sodium hydroxide can be conducted through titration method. The last part is the
neutralization capacity of antacid tablet. The mass and the percentage of antacid tablet obtain
was 0.3199 g and 34.18% respectively.
QUESTION
1. Acid is always added to water, and never reverse. Why ?

If we put water to the acid solution, we will form an extremely concentrated solution
of acid initially. More heat will be release and the solution might boil and splatter out
of the container. Acid and water react in a vigorous exothermic reaction.

2. Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction of the antacid acid with HCl if the
antacid contains hydroxide ion.

Al ( OH )3 ( aq ) +3 HCl ( aq ) → AlCl 3 (aq)+3 H 2 O(l)

3. Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction if the antacid contain carbonate
ion.
CaCO 3 +2 HCl→ CaCl 2 +CO 2+ H 2 O

REFERENCES
1. Oxyacid - Acid-Base Reactions, Carbonates, Carbon Dioxide, Calcite, Formic Acid,
Malonic Acid. (2008, August 15). Encyclopedia Britannica.
https://www.britannica.com/science/oxyacid/Carbonic-acid-and-carbonate-salts

2. Antacid Oral: Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Pictures, Warnings & Dosing -
WebMD. (n.d.).
https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-76860-769/antacid-oral/aluminum-
magnesium-antacid-simethicone-oral/details

3. Admin. (2023a). Titration of Hydrochloric Acid against Standard Sodium Carbonate -

Chemistry Practicals Class 11. BYJUS. https://byjus.com/chemistry/titration-of-
hydrochloric-acid-against-standard-sodium-carbonate/