Experiment 2

Determination of Ethanoic Acid Content In Vinegar

Answer the questions below

1. Calculate the molarity of the NaOH solution

𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠
Molarity =
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒

No. of moles 𝐾𝐻𝐶8 𝐻4 𝑂4 = 0.1 × 0.025 = 0.0025 𝑚𝑜𝑙

1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝐾𝐻𝐶8 𝐻4 𝑂4  1 mole NaOH

Mole at NaOH = 0.0025 mol Average of volume NaOH used (from titration 1,2,3) = 25.47 mL

0.0025
Molarity of NaOH = 0.02547 = 0.0982 M

2. Calculate the molarity of ethanoic acid in the diluted vinegar

Average of volume NaOH used (from titration 1,2,3) = 33.67 mL

𝑁𝑜. 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻

Molarity of NaOH =
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻 (𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒)

𝑁𝑜. 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻

0.0982 mol/L = 0.03367 𝐿

No. moles of NaOH = 0.0982 mol/L × 0.03367 L

= 0.00306 mol NaOH solution used

1 mole C𝐻3 COOH  1 mole of NaOH

0.00306 mol  0.00306 mol
25 mL of diluted vinegar is reacted with NaOH

0.00306 𝑚𝑜𝑙
= 0.025 𝐿
= 0.1224 M of C𝐻3 COOH
 3. Calculate the molarity of ethanoic acid in the vinegar sample.
𝑀1 𝑉1 = 𝑀2 𝑉2
𝑀1 (0.025𝐿) = (0.1224M)(0.25L)

0.0306
𝑀1 = 0.025
= 1.224 M

4. Calculate the concentration of ethanoic acid (g/L) in the vinegar

Molarity of ethanoic acid :1.224 M

No. mole of ethanoic acid : 0.0306

Mass = no. of moles x molar mass

= 0.0306 × 60.052 mol/g

= 1.8389 g of ethanoic acid

1.8389 𝑔
Concentration in (g/L) = 0.025 𝐿

= 73.56 g/L

5. Calculate the percent (w/v) of ethanoic acid in the vinegar.

1.8389 𝑔
× 100% = 7.356%
25 𝑚𝐿
Experiment 3

Determination Of Calcium Carbonate Content In Eggshell By Back Titration

1. Write balanced chemical equation for reaction during titration in procedure (A) and
describe the reason of potassium hydrogen phthalate used to standardize another
solution.

K𝐻𝐶8 𝐻4 𝑂4 + NaOH  KNa𝐶8 𝐻4 𝑂4 + 𝐻2 𝑂

2. Calculate the concentration of the NaOH solution.

Average of volume NaOH used (from titration 1,2,3) = 15.57 mL

No. moles of 𝐾𝐻𝐶8 𝐻4 𝑂4 : 0.25 mol/L x 0.02 L = 0.005 mol

0.005 𝑚𝑜𝑙
Concentration of NaOH : = 0.3205 M
0.0156 𝐿

3. Calculate the concentration of the HCl solution.

Molarity of NaOH : 0.3205 M

NaOH + HCl  NaCl + 𝐻2 𝑂

1 mol NaOH  1 mol HCl

0.005 mol NaOH  X

X = 0.005 mol HCl

Volume of HCl = 0.01 L

𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐻𝐶𝑙
Molarity of HCl = 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐻𝐶𝑙

0.005 𝑚𝑜𝑙
= 0.01 𝐿

= 0.5 M
 4. Calculate the percentage by weight (w/w) of CaCO3 in the eggshell in each
replicate.

For trial 1:

𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑂3 + 𝐻𝐶𝑙 → 𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑙2 + 𝐻2 𝑂 + 𝐶𝑂2

𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑂3 : 𝐻𝐶𝑙

1 mol Ca𝐶𝑂3 :2HCl

No. moles of HCl : 0.5 M x 0.025

=0.0125 mol of HCl

No. moles of NaOH : 0.3205 mol/L x 0.0172 L

= 0.0055 mol

Amount of HCl treated CaCO3

1 mol NaOH  1 mol HCl

0.005513 x

X = 0.005513 mol HCl

Total amount of HCl – amount of HCl to treated CaCO3

=0.0125-0.005513

= 0.006987 mol

2 mol HCl  1 CaCO3

0.006987  x

X = 0.003494 mol

Mass = mole x molar mass

0.003494 x 100 = 0.3494 g

0.3494 𝑔
× 100% = 34.89%
1.0014 𝑔
For trial 2 :

No. moles of HCl : 0.5 M x 0.025

=0.0125 mol of HCl

No. moles of NaOH : 0.3205 x 0.0186

= 0.00596 mol of NaOH

1 mol NaOH  1 mol HCl

0.00596 mol  x

X = 0.00596 mol HCl

Total amount of HCl – amount of HCl to treated CaCO3

= 0.0125-0.00596

=0.00654 mol

2 mol HCl  1 mol of CaCO3

0.00654 mol X

X = 0.00327

Mass = mole x molar mass

= 0.00327 x 100

= 0.327 g
0.327 𝑔
× 100% = 32.63 %
1.0020 𝑔

5. Calculate the mean percentage by weight (w/w) of CaCO3 in the eggshell.

34.89 + 32.63
= 33.76%
2