Chapter 4 Solutions

5. Solutions in Chemical Reactions

Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.

1
Molarity in Chemical Reactions

In a chemical reaction,
• the volume and molarity of a solution are used to
determine the moles of a reactant or product.

molarity ( mole ) x volume (L) = moles

1L
• if molarity (mole/L) and moles are given, the volume
(L) can be determined.
moles x 1L = volume (L)
moles

2
Using Molarity of Reactants

How many mL of 3.00 M HCl are needed to completely

react with 4.85 g of CaCO3?

2 HCl(aq) + CaCO3(s) CaCl2(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)

STEP 1: Given 3.00 M HCl; 4.85 g of CaCO3

Need volume in mL
STEP 2: Plan
g CaCO3 mole CaCO3 mole HCl mL HCl

3
Using Molarity of Reactants (cont.)

2HCl(aq) + CaCO3(s) CaCl2(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)

STEP 3: Equalities
1 mole of CaCO3 = 100.1 g of CaCO3
1 mole of CaCO3 = 2 moles of HCl
1000 mL of HCl = 3.00 moles of HCl
STEP 4: Set Up

4.85 g CaCO3 x 1 mole CaCO3 x 2 mole HCl x 1000 mL HCl

100.1 g CaCO3 1 mole CaCO3 3.00 mole HCl

= 32.3 mL of HCl required

4
Learning Check

How many mL of a 0.150 M Na2S solution are needed to

completely react 18.5 mL of 0.225 M NiCl2 solution?

NiCl2(aq) + Na2S(aq) NiS(s) + 2NaCl(aq)

1) 4.16 mL
2) 6.24 mL
3) 27.8 mL

5
Solution

3) 27.8 mL

0.0185 L x 0.225 mole NiCl2 x 1 mole Na2S x 1000 mL

1L 1 mole NiCl2 0.150 mole

= 27.8 mL of Na2S solution

6
Learning Check

If 22.8 mL of 0.100 M MgCl2 is needed to completely

react 15.0 mL of AgNO3 solution, what is the molarity of
the AgNO3 solution?

MgCl2(aq) + 2AgNO3(aq) 2AgCl(s) + Mg(NO3)2(aq)

1) 0.0760 M
2) 0.152 M
3) 0.304 M

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Solution

3) 0.304 M AgNO3

0.0228 L x 0.100 mole MgCl2 x 2 mole AgNO3 x 1 P

1L 1 mole MgCl2 0.0150 L

= 0.304 mole/L = 0.304 M AgNO3