Total marks = 50

Experiment Four Date [1 mark]

Title: Titrimetric Analysis of Acetic Acid in Vinegar [1 mark]

Aim: To prepare and standardize 0.15 M NaOH solution for the analysis of acetic acid in a given
sample of vinegar [1 mark]

Answers the Pre-Lab Questions

1. a) CH3COOH + NaOH CH3COONa + H2O (1)

n(NaOH) = 0.20 M x 0.030 L
= 0.06 mol [1 mark]
From (1), n(NaOH) = n(CH3COOH) = 0.006 mol
n 0.006 mol
Molarity= = =0.6 M [1 mark]
V 0.01 L
b) M(CH3COOH) = 60 g/mol
Mass of CH3COOH in 10 mL sample solution = n x M
= 0.006 mo x 60 g/mol
= 0.36 g [1 mark]
If ρ(CH3COOH) = 1.01 g/cm3, the mass of 10 cm3 CH3COOH sample will be equivalent
m
to ρ= ⟹ m= ρ x V =1.01 x 10=10.1 g [1 mark]
V
0.36 g
Therefore mas/mass percent acetic acid = x 100 %=3.56 % [1 mark]
10.1 g
2. n(NaOH) = 0.62 M x 0.0245 dm3 = 0.015 mol [1 mark]
from (1) n(NaOH) = n(CH3COOH) = 0.015 mol
CH3COOH.2H2O CH3COOH + 2H2O (2)
From (2)
n(CH3COOH) = n(CH3COOH.2H2O) = 0.015 mol [1 mark]
M(CH3COOH.2H2O) = 96 g/mol
Therefore mass of CH3COOH.2H2O = n x M
= 0.015 mol x 96 g/mol
= 1.44 g [1 mark]
 3. Sodium hydroxide is a secondary standard which is hygroscopic are reacts with
atmospheric carbon dioxide. Therefore its nominal concentration is not constant and must
be standardized to determine the exact concentration as at the time of the experiment.
[1 mark]

Introduction/Theory [4 marks]

The introduction should be based on acids and bases, weak acids, vinegar and its uses, titrimetry,
choice of indicators, endpoint and equivalence point, etc. The students must not copy from the
manual.

The introduction must be written in paragraphs. Not more than one page

Experimental procedure [4 marks]

Students must write separate procedures for the solution preparation, standardization of NaOH
with oxalic acid, determination of oxalic acid in vinegar.

They must be written in reported speeches and not with bullet points.

Results

Table 4.1: Results for the standardization of 0.15 M NaOH solution against 0.12 M C 2H2O4 using
phenolphthalein indicator. [This is a sample]
Run 1 2 3
Volume of C2H2O4/cm3 25.00 25.00 25.00
Final burette reading/cm3 38.00 38.00 38.00
Initial burette reading/cm3 0.00 0.00 0.00
Titre value/cm3 38.00 38.00 38.00
[Completed table 2 marks]
Table 4.2: Results for the determination of acetic acid in vinegar using phenolphthalein indicator.
[This is a sample]
Run 1 2 3
Volume of C2H4O2/cm3 25.00 25.00 25.00
Final burette reading/cm3 10.00 10.00 10.00
Initial burette reading/cm3 0.00 0.00 0.00
Titre value/cm3 10.00 10.00 10.00
[Completed table 2 marks]
Calculations
Average titre for table 4.1 = 38.00 cm3 [1 mark]
Average titre for table 4.2 = 10.00 cm3 [1 mark]
C2H2O4(aq) + NaOH C2O4Na(aq) + H2O(l) (2) [1 mark]

CH3COOH + NaOH CH3COONa + H2O (3) [1 mark]

n(C2H2O4) = c x v = 0.12 M x 0.025 L = 0.003 mol [1 mark]

from (2), n(C2H2O4) = n(NaOH) = 0.003 mol [1 mark]

number of moles 0.003

Actual concentration of NaOH = = =0.08 M [1 mark]
Titre volume 0.038

From table 4.2,

n(NaOH) = actual concentration x titre volume

= 0.08 M x 0.010 dm3 = 0.0008 mol [1 mark]

From (3), n(NaOH) = n(CH3COOH) = 0.0008 mol

0.0008
C(CH3COOH) used in the titration = =0.032 M [1 mark]
0.025

Remember the students took 20 mL of the stock (3% vinegar) and diluted to 250 mL of solution

From the dilution law, C1V1 = C2V2 [1 mark]

C1 = ?, V1 = 20 mL, C2 = 0.032 M, V2 = 250 mL

 C 2 V 2 0.032 M x 250 mL 3
C 1= = =0.4 mol/dm [2 marks]
C1 20 mL

Mass of acetic acid in 1 dm3 = 0.4 mol x 60 g/mol = 24 g [1 mark]

Density of acetic acid = 1.01 g/mL

Mass of 1000 mL (1 dm3) acetic acid = ρ x v = 1.01 g/mL x 1000 mL

= 1010 g [1 mark]

24 g
mass/mass percent acetic acid = x 100 %=2.38 % [2 marks]
1010 g

Discussion of results [4 marks]

The students must compare the calculated mass/mass percent acetic acid with what is on the
label (3%) and discuss any change in their results. They must also compare the calculated
molarity of the NaOH with the nominal concentration. If they achieve the same results, they
must also discuss. Any error of the experiment or measurement must also be discussed.

Sources of error

At least three determinate and indeterminate errors not speculations [1 mark]

Precautions

At least three precautions taken to overcome the sources of error in the measurements

[1 mark]

Conclusion

They must report the actual concentration of the NaOH and the calculated mass/mass percent
acetic acid in the vinegar. [2
marks]

References

At least two references and must be in APA format. [2 marks]