UNIT ONE

SOLUTION
Solution Stoichiometry

 It is the area of chemistry on which the

determination of the quantities of
reactants or products of a chemical
reaction.
 Stoichiometric problems may involve
masses, volumes and other quantities.
A. Mole - mass problems

Examples:
1. What mass KOH should be contained in 250ml solution to neutralize completely
500ml of 0.2M H2SO4. According to the following equation?
KOH + H2SO4 → K2SO4 + H2O
Solution:
Mole of H2SO4= M x V = 0.2mole/liter x 0.5 liter = 0.1 mole H2SO4
Balance
   the equation
X 0.1mole
2KOH + H2SO4 → K2SO4 + H2O
2mole 1 mole 
=
X = = 0.2 mole KOH
Mass of KOH = 0.2 mole x 56 g/mole = 11.2 g KOH
…continued
2. What is the mass of water that can be formed when 25ml of
0.1MHNO3 solution is completely neutralized by NaOH?
Solution:
Mole of HNO3 = M x V = 0.1 mole/L x 0.025 l = 0.0025 mole HNO3
Balanced equation
HNO3 (aq) + NaOH (aq) → H2O (l) + NaNO3 (aq)
1mole 1 mole 1mole
1 mole of HNO3 produces 1 mole of H2O
0.0025 mole of HNO3 produce 0.0025 mole 0f H2O
Mass of H2O = 0.0025 mole x 18g/mole = 0.045 g H2O
Exercise
B. Mole – Volume Problems

Example:
1. What volume of 1.M H2SO4 solution is needed to react completely with 100g Al?
Solution:
Mole of Al = = 3.7 mole
Balanced Equation
3.7mole x
  
2Al + 3H2SO4 → Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2O
2mole 3 mole
=
= 5.55 moles H2SO4
…continued
2. Calculate the volume of 0.220 M NaOH that should be added to 25 ml
of 0.743M H2SO4 to react it completely?
Solution:
Moles of H2SO4 = M x V = 0.743M x 0.025L = 0.0186 moles of H2SO4
 
Balanced Equation
X 0.0186 moles
2NaOH + H2SO4 → Na2SO4 + 2H2O
2 moles 1 moles
=
X = = 0.0372 mole NaOH
Exercise
c. Mole – Number of particles Problems
Examples:
If H2SO4 + H2O → 2H3O+ + SO42-. What is he total
number of ions in 20ml of 0.1M H2SO4?
Solution:
Moles of H2SO4 = M x V = 0.1 mole/L x 0.02 L = 0.002 mole
1 mole H2SO4 produces 3 mole of ions
  
0.002 Mole will produce = 0.002 mole x 3 = 0.006 moles of ions
One mole of any substance = Avogadro number of particles = 6.02 x 1023
ions
1 mole of ions = 6.02 x 1023 ions
0.006 moles of ions = ?
? = = 3.612 x 1021 ions