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A graph detailing the elevation in the boiling point of water upon the addition of sucrose is
provided above. At 1atm of pressure, pure water boils at 100 C. However, a 10 molal solution of
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Here, ΔT represents the elevation in the boiling point of the solution. From the graph, it can be
b
observed that –
• The freezing point of the solution is lower than that of the pure solvent (freezing point
depression).
• The boiling point of the solution is higher than that of the pure solvent.
Note: The boiling point of a liquid is also dependent on the pressure of its surroundings (which
is why water boils at temperatures lower than 100 C at high altitudes, where the surrounding
o
pressure is low).
Where,
Solved Examples
Example 1
Calculate the boiling point of a 3.5% solution (by weight) of sodium chloride in water.
1 kg of the given solution contains 0.035kg of NaCl and 0.965kg of H O. Since the molar mass
2
ions, the Van’t Hoff factor for this compound is 2. Therefore, the boiling point elevation (ΔT ) b
Boiling point of the solution = boiling point of pure solvent + boiling point elevation
= 100 C + 0.643 C = 100.643 C
o o o
Example 2
10 grams of a non-volatile and non-dissociating solute is dissolved in 200 grams of benzene.
The resulting solution boils at a temperature of 81.2 C. Find the molar mass of the solute.
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Let x = number of moles of solute. The boiling point of pure benzene is 80.1 C and it’s
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ebullioscopic constant is 2.53 C/molal. From the boiling point elevation formula, the following
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x = 0.0869 moles
Since 0.0869 moles of the solute has a mass of 10 grams, 1 mole of the solute will have a mass
of 10/0.0869 grams, which is equal to 115.07 grams. Therefore, the molar mass of the solute is
115.07 grams per mole.
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