CHM420 GENERAL CHEMISTRY

AS222

EXPERIMENT 4 :
STOCHIOMETRY AND THEORITICAL YIELD

NAME NURUL AFIQAH BINTI MD ROSSLEY

MATRIX NUMBER 2022452676
GROUP CLASS N3AS2221A1
DATE OF 21/10/2022
EXPERIMENT
DATE OF 18/11/2022
SUBMISSION
LECTURER’S DR. WAN ELINA FARADILA BINTI
NAME WAN KHALID

1
Objective:
- To identify the limiting reactant, excess reactant and to determine the
per cent yield.
Method:
(Referring to jotter and lab pictures)
Results:
(Referring to Datasheet)

Calculation:
Balanced equation: CaCl2 (aq) + Na2CO3 (aq) → CaC03 (S) + 2NaCl (aq)
Reaction 1 :
mv
Number of moles of CaCl2 , n = 1000

(0.50)(20.00)
=
1000

=0.01 mol
mv
Number of moles of Na2CO3 , n = 1000

(1.50)(10.00)
=
1000

=0.015 mol
1 mol of CaCl2 ≡ 1 mol of Na2CO3
(0.01)(1)
0.01 mol of CaCl2 ≡ mol of Na2CO3
1

= 0.01 of Na2CO3
CaCl2 is the limiting reactant and Na2CO3 is the excess reactant.
Theoretical yield of CaCO3:
1 mol of CaCl2 ≡ 1 mol of CaCO3
(0.01)(1)
0.01 mol of CaCl2 ≡ mol of CaCO3
1

2
 = 0.01 mol of CaCO3
Mass of CaCO3 = number of moles × molar mass
= 0.01 × 100.0869
= 1.0009g
actual yield
Percentage yield = theoretical yield × 100%

0.887
= 1.0009 ×100 %

= 88.6%
Reaction 2 :
mv
Number of moles of CaCl2 , n = 1000

(0.50)(20.00)
=
1000

=0.01 mol
mv
Number of moles of Na2CO3 , n = 1000

(1.50)(5.00)
=
1000

=0.0075mol
1 mol of CaCl2 ≡ 1 mol of Na2CO3
(0.01)(1)
0.01 mol of CaCl2 ≡ mol of Na2CO3
1

= 0.01 of Na2CO3
Na2CO3 is the limiting reactant and CaCl2 is the excess reactant.
Theoretical yield of CaCO3:
1 mol of Na2CO3 ≡ 1 mol of CaCO3
(0.0075)(1)
0.0075 mol of Na2CO3 ≡ mol of CaCO3
1

= 0.0075 mol of CaCO 3

Mass of CaCO3 = number of moles × molar mass

3
 = 0.0075 × 100.0869
= 0.7507g
actual yield
Percentage yield = theoretical yield × 100%

0.560
= 0.7507 × 100 %

= 74.6%
Discussion:
In this experiment, the limiting reactant and excess reactant are determined. When the reaction began, wo observed that
white precipitate(CaCO3) and a colourless solution (NaCl) formed. A balanced chemical reaction between CaCl 2 and Na2CO3
is written:

Questions:
1. For each of the two reactions:

a) Write a balanced chemical equation.

CaCl2 (aq) + Na2CO3 (aq) → CaCO3 (s) + 2NaCl (aq)

b) Determine the limiting reactant.

Reaction 1 : CaCl2 is the limiting reactant.
Reaction 2 : Na2Cl3 is the limiting reactant

c) Determine the theoretical yield.

Reaction 1 : 1.0009g
Reaction 1: 0.7507g

d) Determine the percent yield of the product.

4
 Reaction 1: 88.6%
Reaction 2: 74.6%

2. Was the yield you obtained satisfactory? Justify your answer.

Yes, it is because the actual yield obtained is smaller than the theoretical
yield calculated.

Conclusion:
As a conclusion, the limiting reactant for reaction 1 is CaCl2 whereas reaction 2
is Na2CO3. The theoretical yield for reaction 1 is 1.0009g meanwhile theoretical
yield for reaction 2 is 0.7507g. Percent yield for reaction 1 is 88.6% meanwhile
percent yield for reaction 2 is 74.6%.

References:
Silberberg, M. S (2013) Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and
Change, Global Edition, McGraw-Hill Global Education Holdings

Chang, R (2012) Chemistry. 11th Edition, International Edition, McGraw-Hill Co

Boston.

8.6: Limiting Reactant, Theoretical Yield, and Percent Yield from Initial Masses

of Reactants. (2019, September 3). Chemistry LibreTexts.

https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/University_of_British_Columbia/

CHEM_100%3A_Foundations_of_Chemistry/

08%3A_Quantities_in_Chemical_Reactions/

8.6%3A_Limiting_Reactant_Theoretical_Yield_and_Percent_Yield_fro

m_Initial_Masses_of_Reactants

5
Theoretical Yield — Definition & Calculation. (n.d.). Expii.

https://www.expii.com/t/theoretical-yield-definition-calculation-8561