CHE001 K54 Name _____________________

EXAM 2A: Chapters 4 – 5 (Total points: 100)

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appropriate) for full credit.

1. (2 points) The drawings below represent beakers of aqueous solutions. Each “o” represents a dissolved
solute particle.
 a. Which solution is the most concentrated?
Solution A
b. Which solution is the least concentrated?
Solution C

2. (4 points) Determine if the following compounds are electrolytes or nonelectrolytes:

a. Hg2Cl2
electrolytes

b. CH4

nonelectrolytes

3. (4 points) A student measures the volume of a balloon as they added varying amounts of gas:

Moles of gas Balloon volume (L)

0.1 0.15
*
0.2 0.30
0.3 0.45 *
0.4 0.60
0.5 0.75

Plot the data on the graph to the right. Describe the observed relationship between moles and volume.
What simple gas law is this consistent with?

Balloon volume is proportional with moles of gas

This consistent with Avogadro’s law

4. (4 points) A flask at room temperature contains exactly equal amounts of helium and neon (in moles).
a. Which gas atoms/molecules have the greater average kinetic energy? And why?

They are equal

b. Which gas atoms/molecules have the fastest rate of effusion? And why?

Helium because helium lighter than neon

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 c. Which gas exerts a greater partial pressure? And why?

Partial pressure of the both is similar because number moles of helium equal of neon

d. Which would deviate most from ideal behavior? And why?

Neon because Neon is heavier than Helium

5. (6 points) What volume (in mL) of a 1.50 M strontium fluoride solution will contain 5.75 grams of
strontium fluoride?
1mol 1000 L
5.75 g x x =29.6 mL
125.62 g 1.50 M

6. (10 points) An aqueous NaCl solution is made by dissolving 145 grams of NaCl in water to a total
solution volume of 1.50 L. The density of the resulting solution is 1.08g/mL. Determine the molarity
(M) and molality (m) of this solution.
1 mol
Mole of NaCl: n = 145 g x =2.4812mol
58.44 g
2.4812mol
Molarity M: =1.6541mol / L
1.50 L

1000 mL x 1.5 L
Mass of solution: 1.08 g x =1620 g
1 mL
Mass of solvent: 1620−145=1475 g=1.475 kg
2.4812mol
Molality m: =1.682mol /kg
1.475 kg

7. (8 points) Consider the following reaction.Assign oxidation states to each atom in the reactants and
products, and answer the questions below.

2 HCl(aq) + Pb(s) → PbCl2(s) + H2(g)

Atom being oxidized = Pb0

Atom being reduced = H1+

Oxidizing agent = 2H1+ + 2e → H2

Reducing agent = Pb - 2e → Pb2+

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8. (10 points) In the lab, a student performs the following reaction:
2 AlCl3(aq) + 3 Mg(s) → 2 Al(s) + 3 MgCl2(aq)

The student mixes together 5.42 grams of aluminum chloride with 1.16 grams of magnesium. Once the
reaction is complete, the student collects 0.752 g of solid aluminum. Determine the limiting reactant, the
theoretical yield of solid aluminum (in grams), and the percent yield of this reaction.
Calculate amount of Al can be made by AlCl3 and Mg, respectively:
1 mol Al Cl3 2mol Al
5.42 gAl Cl3 x x =0.0407 mol Al
133.33 g Al Cl3 2mol Al Cl 3

1 mol Mg 2 mol Al
1.16 gMg x x =0.0318 mol Al
24.31 g Mg 3 mol Mg
⇒ Since Mg make the least amount of product, Mg is the limiting reactant
⇒ The theoretical yield of solid aluminum:

actual yield 0.752 g Al

% yield= x 100 %= x 100 %=87.6 %
theoretical yield 0.0318 mol x 26.98 g

9. (8 points) Complete and balance the following reactions (be sure to include phases!). Also identify what
type of reaction each is (precipitation, acid-base, gas-evolution, or combustion).

a. 2(NH4)3PO4(aq) + 3CuCl2(aq) → Cu3(PO4)2 (s) + 6NH4Cl (aq)

Precipitation reaction

b. Li2SO3(aq) + 2HNO3(aq) → 2LiNO3(aq) + H2O (l) + SO2 (g)

gas-evolution reaction

10. (8 points) Write balanced molecular, complete ionic, and net ionic equations for the reaction that occurs
between aqueous calcium hydroxide and aqueous hydrobromic acid to form liquid water and aqueous
calcium bromide. Be sure to include phases! Also identify what type of reaction this is (precipitation,
acid-base, gas-evolution, or combustion).

Molecular equation: Ca(OH)2 (aq) + 2HBr(aq) → CaBr2 (aq) + 2H2O(l)

Complete ionic: Ca2+ + 2OH- + 2H+ + 2Br- → Ca2+ + 2Br- + 2H2O(l)

Net ionic: 2OH- + 2H+ → 2H2O(l)

This reaction is the acid-base reaction

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11. (8 points) Consider the following balanced chemical equation:

Na2CO3(aq) + 2 HBr(aq) → H2O(l) + CO2(g) +2 NaBr(aq)

According to this reaction, what volume (in L) of carbon dioxide, measured at 815 torr and 455 K, is
produced from the complete reaction of 115 mL of 1.25 M hydrobromic acid? Assume excess sodium
carbonate.

Number moles of CO2 are produced:

1.25 mol HBr 1mol C O 2

115 mL x x =0.071875 mol C O 2
1000 mL 2 mol HBr
Convert pressure from torr to atm:

1 atm
815 torr x =1.07236 atm
760 torr

Volume (in L) of CO2:

0.071875 x 0.08206 x 455

=2.50 L
1.07236

12. (6 points) A 1.72 L cylinder with a moveable piston contains nitrogen gas at a pressure of 0.985atm and
a temperature of 44ºC. The gas is cooled while the pressure is maintained constant until the cylinder
volume reaches 1.18 L. What is the final temperature (in ºC) of the gas?
n, P: constant ⇒ V1/T1 = V2/T2

T1 = 44 + 273.15 = 317.15 K
1.18 L x 317.15 K
T 2= =217.58 K ⇒ T2 = - 55.570C
1.72 L

13. (8 points) A 2.00 L container holds 1.12 moles of neon gas and 2.15 moles of krypton gas at a
temperature of 298 K. Calculate the total pressure (in mm Hg) of the mixture.

ntotal xRxT ( 1.12+2.15 ) x 0.08206 x 298 760 mmHg 3

Ptotal = = x =30.4 x 10 mmHg
V 2.00 1 atm

14. (6 points) A 245 mL flask contains nitrogen gas at a pressure of 1.02 atm and a temperature of 313 K.
Calculate the mass (in grams) of nitrogen in the flask.

PxV
n N 2=
RxT

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 1.02atm x 0.245 L 28.02 g
m N 2= x =0.273g
0.08206 x 313 K 1mol

15. (8 points) An experiment shows that a 315 mL sample of a diatomic gas has a mass of 1.692 g at a
pressure of 612 mmHg and a temperature of 292 K. Determine the molar mass of the unknown gas and,
by comparison with the periodic table, identify it.
1 atm
P=612mmHg x =0.80526 atm
760 mmHg

1L
V =315mL x =0.315 L
1000 mL

0.80526 x 0.315
n= =0.010586 mol
0.08206 x 292

1.692 g
M= =159.8337 g /mol
0.010586 mol

The gas is Br2

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Page 7 of 9
 SOLUBILITY RULES

USEFUL EQUATIONS & VALUES

1 mol = 6.022 x 1023 particles

moles of solute(mol ) mass solute

M=
volume of solution ( L) Mass percent = total mass of solution × 100 %

moles of solute( mol) nsolute

m= χ solute=
mass of solvent ( kg) ntotal

M 1 V 1=M 2 V 2 K = °C + 273.15

solute + solvent = solution

P1V 1 P2V 2
= PV =nRT
n1 T 1 n2 T 2

L∙ atm
STP: T = 273.15 L and P = 1.00atm R=0.08206
mol ∙ K

1 atm = 760 mmHg = 760 torr d gas ( gL )= PM

RT

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Ptotal =P1 + P2 +…

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