Chemistry for Engineers

Group 17:
1. Phan Hữu Đức - BTBTIU22312
2. Nguyễn Nhật Minh - BTBTIU22323
3. Nguyễn Đức Huy - BTBTIU22299

ASSIGNMENT 3

PART I: MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. Some solids can be converted directly to the vapor phase by heating. The process is called:
Answer: b) Sublimation.

2. In a body-centered cubic lattice, how many atoms are present per in a unit cell?
Answer: b) Two.

3. Which of the following descriptions of solid type is INCORRECT?

Answer: d) All of them are correct.

4. What the closet mass of water must be used to dissolve 20.0 grams of ethanol, C2H5OH, to prepare a
0.0500 molality solution of ethanol?
The formulate calculate the molality is as follow:
Number of moles
Molality = Mass of solvent (kg)

The molar mass of ethanol is: 12x2 + 5 + 16 + 1 = 46 (g/mol)

 We have the equation to calculate the number of moles is:
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠
Number of moles = 𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠
 Number of ethanol moles in 20.0 grams of ethanol = 20.0 / 46 = 0.435 (mol)
 The mass of water (solvent) is used to dissolve 20.0 grams of ethanol equal to:
= Number of moles / Molality = 0.435 / 0.0500 = 8.70 (kg)
Answer: c) 8.80 kg

5. Calculate the closet mole fraction of ethyl alcohol, C2H5OH, in a solution that contains 230 grams of
C2H5OH and 312 grams of benzene, C6H6.

Let x1 be the mole fraction of C2H5OH in a solution that cotains both C2H5OH and C6H6.
𝑛1
Mole fraction: x1 = 𝑛1+ 𝑛2
Molar mass of ethyl alcohol = 46 (g/mol) ; Molar mass of benzene = 78 (g/mol);
 Number of ethyl alcohol’s moles = n1 = 230 / 46 = 5 (mol);
 Number of benzene’s moles = n2 = 312 / 78 = 4 (mol);
𝑛1 5
 Mole fraction of ethyl alcohol = 𝑛1+𝑛2 = 9 = 0.56 .
Answer: b) 0.57

6. The spectator ion(s) in the following reaction is/are:

 Na2CO3 (aq) + Ba(NO3)2 (aq) BaCO3 (s) + 2NaNO3 (aq)
Answer: d) Na+ and NO3-.

7. Determine the oxidation number of carbon in K2CO3.

Oxidation of:
- K is +1
- O is -2
 Oxidation number of C in the formula should be +4 to make the ionic compound, K2CO3, is neutral.
Answer: c) +4

8. Consider three 1 – L flasks containing gases at STP. Flask A contains H2 gas, flask B contains O2 gas and
flask C contains H2S gas. Which contains the largest number molecules?
At STP, 22.4 L of any gas contain Avogadro Number, NA of molecules.
Thus, at STP, 1 L of any gas will contain 22.4NA number of molecules.
Therefore, they all will contain same number of molecules as all their conditions are same, that is same
temperature and pressure.
Answer: d) All of them.

9. The concentration of [Ag+] ion when putting 1.00 mole of AgCl into 1.00 L distilled water?
Answer: d) Cannot calculate.

10. Metal oxides are _____________ and react with water to generate ___________.
Answer: c) basic, OH-.

PART II: CONSTRUCTED QUESTIONS

1. Calcium carbide, CaC2, is an important preliminary chemical for industries producing synthetic fabrics
and plastics. CaC2 may be produced by heating calcium oxide with coke:
CaO + 3C → CaC2 + CO
What is the amount of CaC2 which can be produced from the reaction of excess calcium oxide and 10.2
g of carbon? (Assume 100% efficiency of reaction for purposes of this problem).
We have: nC = 0.85 (mol)
From 0.85 mol of C, mol of CaC2 will be produced = 0.85/3 (mol) => mCaC2 = nCaC2 × MCaC2 ≈ 18.13 (g)

2. Complete chemical reactions below, write net ionic equation (if possible) and figure out what types of
those reaction.
𝑦
2𝑥+ −𝑧 𝑦 𝑡
2
a) CxHyOzNt(s) + ( )O2(g) → xCO2(g) + (2)H2O(l) + (2)N2(g) (ΔH<0): Combustion reaction
2

b) Cu(s) + Cl2(g) → CuCl2(s): Combination reaction

c) 2H3PO4(aq) + 3Ba(OH)2(aq) → Ba3(PO4)2(s) + 6H2O(l): Neutralization reaction

3Ba2+(aq) + 6OH-(aq) + 2H3PO4(aq) → Ba3(PO4)2(s) + 6H2O(l)

d) 6FeCl2(aq) + 3H2SO4(aq) + 2HNO3(aq) → Fe2(SO4)3(aq) + 4FeCl3(aq) + 2NO(g) + 4H2O(l): Redox reaction

 3Fe2+(aq) + 4H+(aq) + NO3-(aq)→ 3Fe3+(aq) + NO(g) + 2H2O(l)

e) SO3(g) + H2O(l) → H2SO4(aq): Combination reaction

SO3(g) + H2O(l) → 2H+(aq) + SO42-(aq)

3. Arrange the following substances in order of increasing solubility in water and show your reasons:

<

<

<

Since the solubility in water is related with the presence of polar bonds in the given molecules
we can see that C5H10(OH)2 has two O-H bonds which promote the highest solubility via hydrogen
bonds. C5H11OH is also soluble in water via hydrogen bonds but in a lower ability because it only has
one O-H bond. Next, the bond C-Cl in C5H11Cl is little bit more polar than the C-C bonds in C5H12, so we
can determine that C5H11Cl is more soluble in water than C5H12. Therefore, the solution is: C5H12 <
C5H11Cl < C5H11OH < C5H10(OH)2 whereas C5H10(OH)2 is the most soluble and C5H12 the least soluble in
water.

4. There is a relationship between intermolecular forces, temperature, and the temperatures at which the
solid, liquid, and gas phases exist. Each blank will be filled in with ONE of the words in bold. You may
use each word more than once.
 A. At low temperatures, materials are in the solid phase. In this phase, intermolecular forces are
strong enough to keep the particles in the material (atoms, ions, or molecules) close enough such that
the particles have 3-dimensional order.
B. Evaporation is a phase transition from the liquid phase to the gas phase that occurs at the
temperatures below the boiling point at a given pressure. For molecules of a liquid to evaporate, they
must be located near the surface, be moving in the proper direction, and have sufficient kinetic energy
to overcome liquid-phase intermolecular forces.

5. What total gas volume (in liters) at 520oC and 880 torr would result from the decomposition of 33.0 g of
potassium bicarbonate according to the equation:
2KHCO3(s)→ K2CO3(s) + CO2(g) + H2O(g)
Given that: R = 0.0821 L.atm.mol-1. K-1 and 760 torr = 1 atm.
33
nKHCO3 = = 0.33 (mol)
39+1+12+16𝑥3

2KHCO3(s) →K2CO3(s) + CO2(g) + H2O(g)

0.33 0.33
0.33 →
2 2

The total amount of CO₂ and H₂O produced is 0.33 mol.

T = 520 + 273.15 = 793.15 K

𝑛𝑅𝑇 0.33×0.0821×793.15
PV=nRT => V= = 880 ≈ 18.56 (L)
𝑃
760

6. Calculate the concentration of CO2 in a soft drink after the bottle is opened and equilibrates at 25 oC
under a CO2 partial pressure of 3.0x10-4 atm. The Henry’s law constant for CO2 in water at this
temperature is 3.4x10-2 mol/L.atm.

Henry’s law: C = k × Pgas

C is the solubility of a gas at a fixed temperature in a particular solvent (in units of M or mol/L)
k is Henry's law constant (often in units of M/atm)
Pgas is the partial pressure of the gas (often in units of atm)

C = (3.4 x 10-2) x (3.0 x 10-4) = 1.02 x 10-5 (M)

7. Show the Ideal – Gas Equation and relationship between temperature, pressure, and volume in laws
that you have learnt.
Ideal-Gas Equation:
1
Boyle’s law: P 𝛼 𝑉 (at constant n and T)

Charles’ law: V 𝛼 𝑇 (at constant n and P)

Gay-Lussac’s law: P 𝛼 𝑇 (at constant n and V)
 Avogadro’s law: V 𝛼 𝑛 (at constant P and T)
𝑛𝑇
𝑉𝛼 𝑃
𝑛𝑇 𝑛𝑇
V = constant x = 𝑃 𝑅 (R is the gas constant)
𝑃
PV = nRT
8. Nguyen Hoang Long, a first-year student, wants to learn about gases, therefore students, based on
what you have learnt, please briefly describe the physical and chemical properties of gases.
Physical properties:
(1) They are easy to compress.
(2) They expand to fill their containers.
(3) They occupy far more space than the liquids or solids from which they form.
(4) Gases have much lower densities than liquids and solids.
Chemical properties:
+ Each gas has its own distinct chemical properties, depending on the nature of the gas.
+ In general, gases can react with metals, nonmetals, and other gases.