Porsche, Pat, Folk, Yoyo, Poon 1103

Titration of Hydrochloric with Sodium Hydroxide

Abstract

In this lab, we will be doing the titration which we will add the acid to the beaker which has a
NaOH on the beaker. When NaOH react with an HCL acid which will reduce some of the alkali.
If it reach to the equilibrium point or nearly turned to neutral, so it started to have a color when
adding an acid.

Introduction
Titration is an analytical quantitative method. Used to find the volume of a standard
solution. The indicator is Substances used to test the acidity of the solution, most of which are
complex organic structures with weak acid or weak base, but most are weak acids. The
concentration of the solution of HCl can be determined by titrating a sample of HCl solution
against the solution of NaOH of concentration. Phenolphthalein was used as the indicator, it
changes the non-color when acidic and it will change to pink when basic. When the amount of
NaOH solution has been added to neutralize the HCl then the solution would turn into pastel
pink as we stir and will change back to colorless as we stop. Which will indicate that we have
reached the endpoint of the titration.

Objective
The objective of this lab is to neutralizing reaction with HCl(acid) and NaOH(base) and
determine the concentration of HCl by using titration technique.

Procedure + material
1. Record the molarity of the sodium hydroxide solution on the datasheet.
2. Obtain 100 mL of sodium hydroxide solution in a clean beaker.
3. Clean buret: Add 5mL of base solution from beaker to buret. Move to funnel around while adding
to ensure the sides of the buret are coated with base.
4. Pour Sodium Hydroxide solution into buret until 0.00mL. Record initial buret reading.
5. Draw 10.00mL of the acid solution into the volumetric pipette and transfer it into an Erlenmeyer
flask. Add 2-3 drops of phenolphthalein.
6. Place the flask under the buret and start adding the base solution to the Erlenmeyer flask. Swirl
the flask while controlling the stopcock until the color starts to develop.
7. Record the final reading of the buret.
8. Refill with more sodium hydroxide solution if necessary. Record the new volume.
9. Conduct additional titrations until two of them differ
 10. Repeat step 5 by using bromothymol blue
11. Complete the datasheet

Result- data table

Titration of HCl and NaOH

Datasheet
(Attach all of your calculations for full credit)

The concentration of sodium hydroxide:0.05 M

Balanced Chemical Equation of the titration reaction: HCL + NaOH - NaCl +H2O

Phenolphthalein Bromothymol blue

Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 1 Trial 2

Initial buret 16.5 mL 32.5 mL 18.4 mL 28 mL

volume (mL)

Final buret 32.5 mL 49.5 mL 33.8 mL 43.4 mL

volume (mL)

Volume of base (mL) 16 mL 17 mL 19 mL 15.4 mL

Volume of base (L) 0.016 L 0.017 L 0.019 L 0.0154 L

Moles of base (mol) 0.0008 mol 0.00085 mol 0.00095 mol 0.00077 mol

Acid to base 1:1 1:1 1:1 1:1

mole ratio

Moles of acid (mol) 0.0008 mol 0.00085 mol 0.00095 mol 0.00077 mol
 Volume of acid (L) 0.010 L 0.010 L 0.010 L 0.010 L

Acid 0.04 M 0.0425M 0.0475 M 0.0385 M

concentration (M)

Average 0.04125 M 0.04125 M 0.043 M 0.043 M

concentration (M)

pH 7.3 9 8 7.1

Calculation

Formula : Cacid x Vacid = Cbase x Vbase

Phenolphthalein

Trial 1

CHCl (0.01 L) = (0.05 mol/L) (0.016 L)

(0.016 L)
CHCl = (0.05 mol/L)
(0.01 L)
CHCl = 0.08 M

Trial 2

CHCl (0.01 L) = (0.05 mol/L) (0.017 L)

(0.017 L)
CHCl = (0.05 mol/L)
(0.01 L)
CHCl = 0.085 M

Bromothymol blue

Trial 1
 CHCl (0.01 L) = (0.05 mol/L) (0.019 L)
(0.019 L)
CHCl = (0.05 mol/L)
(0.01 L)
CHCl = 0.095 M
Trial 2

CHCl (0.01 L) = (0.05 mol/L) (0.0154 L)

(0.00077 L)
CHCl = (0.05 mol/L)
(0.01 L)
CHCl = 0.077 M

Discussion

We start with obtaining 100 mL of sodium hydroxide solution in a clean beaker. Then we
clean the pipette with 5 mL of the base solution before adding Phenolphthalein or Bromothymol
blue in the buret. Then we drop the substances to the flask and place it under the buret and add
the base solution into the flask. While we add it, we also need to swirl the flask and set the timer
on stopwatch. We can see that we are done when the color starts changing to a transparent
color. After that, we measured the value of the acid solution that we had used and the pH. Then
we calculate the acid concentration by using Cacid x Vacid = Cbase x Vbase formula. We turn
the valve too much which makes the acid solution from buret dropping rapidly, which makes our
result not accurate and not precise. If we have another opportunity to do this experiment, we will
slowly drop the solution to gain the most accurate and precise result from the experiment.

Post-lab questions

1. How will you know when your titration is finished?

When the color of HCL was changed to be light transparent pink if we drop
Phenolphthalein, and it will be changed to be light transparent blue if we drop Bromothymol
blue.

2. Label the pH scale and use an arrow to show where your equivalence point is
located.
PH7
3. How would it affect your results if you used a beaker with the residual water in
it to measure out your standardized sodium hydroxide solution?
When sodium hydroxide is in a beaker with residual water, it will change a little of
the pH of sodium hydroxide. So the acid that used to drop to the sodium hydroxide
might be change and not accurate to other trials.

4. How would it affect your results if you used a wet Erlenmeyer flask instead of a
dry one when transferring your acid solution from the volumetric pipette?
The effect will not be that much.

5. How do you tell if you have exceeded the equivalence point in your titration?
When the color of HCL changed to be hot pink or cobalt blue depending on which
substance that we drop it in.

6. Vinegar is a solution of acetic acid (CH3COOH) in water. For quality control

purposes, it can be titrated using sodium hydroxide to assure a specific %
composition. If 25.00 mL of acetic acid is titrated with 9.08 mL of a standardized
2.298 M sodium hydroxide solution, what is the molarity of the vinegar?

(2.298)(9.08)=M2(25)
(2.298)(9.08)
=M2
(25)

M2=0.83M

Conclusion
We do the titration by dropping the Phenolphthalein or Bromothymol blue into the flask
contained acid solution. We calculate and get the average concentration which is 0.04125 M for
Phenolphthalein and 0.043 M for Bromothymol blue. Then we do the discussion which made us
know and understand the objective of this experiment.