Lesson 1: KINEMATICS

GRADE 9 SCIENCE
 KINEMATICS
The branch of classical mechanics that
describes the motion of points, objects and
systems of groups of objects, without
reference to the causes of motion (i.e., forces ).

The study of kinematics is often referred to as

the “geometry of motion.”
 MOTION

An object is in motion if
it changes position
relative to a reference
point.
•Objects that we call stationary—such as a tree, a sign, or a
building—make good reference points.
 DISTANCE
When an object moves, it goes from
point A to point B – that is the
DISTANCE it traveled. (SI unit is the
meter)
Distance is how much ground an object
has covered during its motion.
Displacement
the change in position of an object. It
is a vector quantity and has a direction
and magnitude. It is represented as an
arrow that points from the starting
position to the final position.
 DISTANCE VS
DISPLACEMENT

Distance is the measure of “how

much ground an object has covered
during its motion” while displacement
refers to the measure of “how far out
of place is an object.”
DISTANCE VS. DISPLACEMENT
 Activity #1
Use a graphing paper to draw each scenario. Fill in the correct information
for distance and displacement using the correct units. Assume that 1
square = 1 meter.
First Move Second Move Distance (m) Displacement

1 Move 4 meters East Move 2 meters west 6 2 m East

2 Move 4 meters North Move 2 meters South

3 Move 2 meters East Move 4 meters West

4 Move 5 meters East Move 5 meters West

5 Move 5 meters South Move 2 meters North

6 Move 10 meters West Move 3 meters East

7 Move 3 meters East Move 4 meters North

8 Move 6 meters East Move 8 meters South

9 Move 9 meters North Move 12 meters West

 SPEED
The rate of change of distance with time. It
has the dimension of distance by time. Thus,
the SI unit of speed is given as the
combination of the basic unit of distance
and the basic unit of Time. Thus, the SI unit
of speed is metre per second.
 VELOCITY
The directional speed of an object in motion as an
indication of its rate of change in position as
observed from a particular frame of reference
and as measured by a particular standard of time
Velocity (v) is a vector quantity that measures
displacement (or change in position, Δs) over the
change in time (Δt)
SPEED VS VELOCITY
ACCELERATION
A vector quantity that is defined as the rate at
which an object changes its velocity. An object
is accelerating if it is changing its velocity.
Since velocity is a speed and a direction, there
are only two ways for you to accelerate: change
your speed or change your direction—or change
both.
ACCELERATION
FORMULAS TO REMEMBER!!!
SAMPLE PROBLEM 1
Calculate the acceleration of a walker who speeds
up from 1 m/s to 3 m/s in a time of 4 s.
Given:
Asked:
Formula:
Solution:
Answer:
SAMPLE PROBLEM 1
Calculate the acceleration of a walker who speeds up from 1 m/s to 3 m/s
in a time of 4 s.
Given: vi = 1m/s, vf = 3m/s, t = 4s
Asked: a = ?
Formula: a = vf - vi
t
Solution: a = 3 m/s - 1 m/s
4s
a = 2 m/s
4s
Answer: a = 0.5 m/s2
SAMPLE PROBLEM 2
Calculate the deceleration of a cyclist who slows
down from 7 m/s to 1 m/s in a time of 3 s.
Given:
Asked:
Formula:
Solution:
Answer:
SAMPLE PROBLEM 2
Calculate the deceleration of a cyclist who slows down from 7 m/s to 1 m/s in a
time of 3 s.
Given: vi = 7 m/s, vf = 1 m/s, t = 3 s
Asked: a = ?
Formula: a = vf - vi
t
Solution: a = 1 m/s - 7 m/s
3s
a = -6 m/s
3 m/s
Answer: a = -2 m/s2
The (-) sign indicates "deceleration"
 ACTIVITY #2
1. What is the speed of a jet plane that travels 528 meters in 4
seconds?
2. How long will your trip take (in hours) if you travel 350 km at
an average speed of 80 km/hr?
3. How far (in meters) will you travel in 3 minutes running at a
rate of 6 m/s?
4. A meteoroid changed velocity from 1.0 km/s to 1.8 km/s in
0.03 seconds. What is the acceleration of the meteoroid?
5. How long will it take a car to accelerate from 15.2 m/s to 23.5
m/s if the car has an average acceleration of 3.2 m/s2?
QUIZ #1
QUIZ #1