Science 7

Quarter 3 – Module 1:
Descriptors of Motion
Objectives:

1. describe the motion of an object in terms of distance or displacement, speed or

velocity and acceleration;
2. perform activities on speed, velocity and acceleration; and
3. compute for the speed, velocity and acceleration.

WHAT I KNOW

Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer and write it in your notebook /on
separate sheet of paper.

1. Acceleration is defined as the change in .

a. velocity of an object
b. distance divided by time
c. velocity divided by the time interval
d. time it takes to move from one speed to another

2. Which of the following is a vector quantity?

a. 10 m
b. 60 kph
c. 100m/sec
d. 100 kph West

3. Which of the following represents acceleration?

a. 7m/s2
b. 8m
c. 15m
d. 20m/s
4. Which of the following represents speed?
a. 2m/s2
b. 4s
c. 6m
d. 8m/s
5. A person travels 10 meters North, 5 meters East, and 10 meters South. What isthe
total distance?
a. 10m
 b. 15m
c. 20m
d. 25m
6. A bus travels down a straight highway and goes from 0 to 10m/s in 5 seconds.What
is its acceleration?
a. 2m/s2
b. 3m/s2
c. 4m/s2
d. 5m/s2
7. A car can travel 50 meters in 10 seconds. A fast motor bike can travel 5 meters in a
second. A bus can cover 500 meters in 100 seconds. Which vehicle has the highest
speed?
a. The car has the highest speed because it travels a great distance in ashort
time.
b. The bus has the highest speed because it can travel the greatest distance.
c. The bike has the highest speed because it has the shortest travel time.
d. All their speeds are equal.
8. Which of the following is TRUE about speed and velocity?
a. Speed is a vector and velocity is scalar.
b. Velocity is the speed in a particular direction.
c. An object can accelerate even if the velocity is constant.
d. A change in speed causes an acceleration. A change in velocity causes
deceleration.
9. A bicycle has an average speed of 2m/s. This means that .
a. in 1 second, it travels 1 meter
b. it can travel 4 meters in 2 seconds
c. it takes 2 seconds to travel 1 meter
d. it can travel 2 kilometers in one hour
10.An object can accelerate while moving at constant speed. Which situationillustrates
this?
a. A roller coaster making a fast dive.
b. A bus going uphill at constant speed.
c. A bump car going in circles at constant speed.
d. A car moving down a straight highway at constant speed

Lesson
Descriptors of Motion
1
Before you will be able to describe the motion of an object, you must first know exactly
where it is positioned. Describing exact position entails two ideas: describing how far the object
is from the point of reference and describing its direction relative to that point of reference.
 Motion can be described as a change in position. However, to say that there is a
change in position we must consider a point of reference. A reference point is something
that is stationary. It is fixed. You can determine whether an object moves by comparing its
position to that of a fixed point.

What is It

Distance vs Displacement
There are expressions and terms in science that seem to have the same meaning.
However, as you know, science aims to be exact and precise. Thus, it is necessary to have a
clear distinction between these terms.

Both distance and displacement are terms used in the study of motion. Each has its
own meaning. Distance is a scalar quantity that refers to "how much ground an object has
covered" during its motion. The total length covered by moving body or the entire path that
the object travelled.
Displacement is a vector quantity that refers to "how far out of place an object is"; it
is the object's overall change in position. Displacement refers to the shortest distance
between the object’s two positions, like the distance between its point of originand its point
of destination, no matter what path it took to get to that destination.

A 8m D

4m 4m

8m
B C

Look closely at the example above.

Boy travels from D to A (8m), A to B (4m), B to C (8m) and C to D (4m). Displacement
from D to D (which are our initial and final points) is zero. However, distance traveled is not
zero. It is equal to the perimeter of the rectangle that;

8m+4m+8m+4m = 24m is the displacement measure.

SPEED

Speed can be defined as “how fast something moves” or it can be explained more
scientifically as “the distance covered in a unit of time”. In daily life we use the first definition
and say the faster object has higher speed. Speed does not show us the direction of the
motion it just gives the magnitude of what distance taken in a given time. In other words
it is a scalar quantity. We use a symbol S to show speed.Let me formulate what we have
discussed.
 Speed=distance/time
From the above formula we can say that speed is directly proportional to the distance
and inversely proportional to the time. It is time to talk the units of speed. Motor vehicles
commonly use kilometer per hour (km/h or kph) as a unit of speed however in short
distances, we can use meter per second (m/s) as a unit of speed. It can also be expressed in
other units like meter per minute (m/min) and miles per hour (mi/h). The road sign “Speed
Limit 60 kph” means that a vehicle should travel a distance of 60 kph in a period of one
hour.

Based from the examples and explanation, use m/s as a unit. Example:
Calculate the speed of the car that travels 450m in 9 seconds.

S=d
t
Where:
S = speed S=d
t
d= distance S = 450m
9s
t= time S = 50m/s

VELOCITY
Velocity can be defined as “speed having direction”. It is a vector quantity having
both magnitude and direction. In daily life, we use speed and velocity interchangeably,
but in physics they have different meanings. Velocity can be definedas the “rate of change
of displacement” whereas “the speed is rate of change of distance”. While we calculate
speed, we look at the total distance, however, incalculating velocity, we must consider the
direction and look at the change in position not the whole distance traveled. If a man walks
5m to east and 5m to west speed of that man calculated by dividing total distance
traveled which is 10m to the time elapsed, however, velocity calculated by dividing the
displacement to the elapsed time, which is 0m divided elapsed time gives us zero. In
other words, if the displacement is zero then, we talk about the velocity.

Example:1 Calculate the speed and velocity of the man moving 45m to the north, and36m to
the south in 27 seconds.

45m

36m
 First, calculate the distance traveled and displacement of the man to calculatespeed
and velocity.
Total distance covered = 45m + 36m = 81m

Speed = total distance Velocity = displacement

time of travel time

S=d V=d
t t
=45m +36m = (45-36) m
27s 27s

=81m = 9m
27s 27s

S= 3m/s V= 0.33m/s, North

The example above shows that the speed and velocity are not the same thing.

Example 2. A car travels at uniform velocity a distance of 100 m in 4 seconds.

What is the velocity of the car?

Velocity = displacement
Time

V= d
t

= 100m
4s

V=25m/s

Average Speed and Instantaneous Speed

A moving object does not have the same speed during its travel. Sometimes it
speeds up and sometimes slows down. At a given instant time, what we read from the
speedometer is instantaneous speed. For example, a car moving with a constant speed
travels to another city, it must stop at red lights in the traffic, or it should slowdown when
unwanted situations occur in the road. At the end of the trip, if we want to learn average
speed of the car, we divide total distance to total time the trip takes.
Average Speed = Total distance traveled
Time Interval

Assume that car travels 500 km in a 5 hour. When we calculate the average speed,
it is 100km/h. Of course the car does not travel with a 100 km/h constant speed. It has
 many instantaneous speeds and 100 km/h is the average of those instantaneous speeds.

Average Velocity and Instantaneous Velocity

You may follow the same steps used in the definition of average and
instantaneous speed while defining average and instantaneous velocity. Instantaneous
velocity is the velocity at a given instant of time, however, as in the case of speed, average
velocity is calculated with displacement over time interval.

Average Velocity = Displacement

Time Interval
Example: A man is traveling with his car 150m to the east and 70m to the west.Calculate
the average speed and velocity of the car if the travel takes10 seconds.

Average Velocity =Displacement

Time Interval
Displacement=150m-70m=80m
Average Velocity = 80m
10s
Average Velocity = 8m/s east
Average Speed = Total Distance Traveled
Time Interval

Average Speed = (150m+70m)

10s

Average Speed = 22m/s

This is a good example which shows the difference of velocity and speed. We must
give the direction with velocity since velocity is a vector quantity. However, speed is a scalar
quantity and we do not consider direction.

Example: A car travels a straight line as shown in the graph given below. Find the
average velocity of this car.

Speed = Distance
Time

We can say that velocity is the speed having direction. Don't forget that velocity is a
vector quantity.

Average Speed = Total distance traveled

Time Interval
Average Velocity = Displacement
Time Interval
ACCELERATION
The definition of acceleration is different from speed and velocity. Acceleration is
 defined as the “change in velocity”. Based from the definition, there must be change in the
velocity of the object. This change can be in the magnitude (speed) of the velocity or the
direction of the velocity. In daily life, we use the term acceleration for the speeding up objects
and decelerating for the slowing down objects. In physics, we use acceleration concept which
is different from its daily life usage. If there is a change in the velocity, whether it is slowing
down or speeding up, or changing its direction, we say that object is accelerating. The
mathematical representation of acceleration is given below. “a” is used for acceleration, “v”
for velocity and “t” for time.

Acceleration = Change in Velocity Or; a = Vf - Vi

Time Interval t
In Figure 1.3 given below you see that a car moving in a curved path. While it is
traveling its direction is changing with the path. However, we cannot observe if there is
a change in its speed or not. Can we say that the car has acceleration?

The answer of the question is yes. Based from the definition of acceleration,
there must be change in the magnitude or direction of the velocity. In this example, the
direction of the car and the velocity are changing with time. Thus, of course we can say
that this car is accelerating.
Now, to better understand the topic. Solve some problems.
Example: A car starts to move and reaches the velocity 80m/s in 10 seconds.
Calculate the acceleration of this car.

t=0 t = 10s
v = 0 m/s v = 80 m/s

a = Vf-Vi
t
80m/s −0m/s 80m/s 8m/s
a= 10s
= 10s
= s
= 8mZ

ACTIVITY 1:
Directions: Complete the sentences by choosing your answer inside the box andwrite it
in your notebook / on a separate sheet of paper.

deceleration motion speed average speed displacement

 reference point distance velocity Instantaneous acceleration
speed

I have learned that (1) can be describe as a change in position. We

need to know first the (2) , it is something that is stationary and fixed. You
can determine whether an object moves by comparing its position to that of a fixed point.

The (3) is a scalar quantity that refers to “how much ground anobject
has covered" during its motion. The total length covered by moving body or the entire path
that the object travelled. While (4) is a vector quantity that
refers to "how far out of place an object is". It is the object’s overall change in position. It
refers to the shortest distance between the object’s two positions, like the distance between
its point of origin and its point of destination, no matter what path it took to get to that
destination.

The distance covered in a unit of time also known as (5) can be

defined as “how fast something moves” and (6) can be defined as “speed
having direction”. What we read from the speedometer is (7) and the (8)
is calculated with displacement over time interval.

Another description of motion is (9) which define as “change in

velocity” and speeding up objects, while the slowing down objects is term as (10)
.

ACTIVITY 2:

Directions: Fill in the table by using approximate values and calculate the speed in m/s. Do
this in your notebook/on a separate sheet of paper.

Activity Distance Time consumed Average speed

Walking (house to Barangay Hall) meters hr min. sec m/s
Climbing a Staircase meters hr min. sec m/s
Riding a bicycle meters hr min. sec m/s
Going to the store meters hr min. sec m/s
Running (house to nearest meters hr min. sec m/s
church/gym/market

ACTIVITY 3:

Directions: answer the guide questions using the given data below. Do this in your
notebook/on a separate sheet of paper.
Sample weather bulletin
Weather Bulletin: Tropical Storm Vicky (December 19, 2020)

Location of At 10:00 AM today, the center of Tropical Depression "VICKY" was

Eye/center estimated based on all available data at 220 km East Southeast ofPuerto Prince

Coordinates Palawan (08.8 °N, 120.5 °E )

Strengths of Maximum sustained winds of 45 km/h near the center and gustinessof up to 55
the winds km/h

Movements Moving Westward at 20 km/h

Forecast 24 Hour(Tomorrow morning): 245 km East Southeast of Kalayaan,

Palawan(10.5°N, 116.3°E)

48 Hour(Monday morning):225 km South Southwest of Kalayaan,Palawan (OUTSIDE

PAR)( 9.3°N, 113.0°E)

72 Hour(Tuesday morning): 515 km Southwest of Kalayaan,Palawan (OUTSIDE

PAR)( 7.9°N, 110.6°E)

Guide Questions:

1. What is the strength of the wind of the storm?

2. How fast is the storm moving?
3. To which direction is it moving?

Assessment
Directions. Choose the letter of the best answer and write it in your notebook/on separate
sheet of paper.
1. It refers to the length of the entire path that the object travelled.
a. displacement c. speed
b. distance d. velocity
2. It is defined as distance travelled divided by the time of travel.
a. displacement c. speed
b. distance d. velocity
3. It refers to the shortest distance between the object’s two positions, like the distance
between its point of origin and its point of destination, no matter what path it took to
get to that destination.
a. displacement c. speed
b. distance d. velocity
4. You can determine whether an object moves by comparing its position to that of a fixed
point.
a. motion c. reference point
b. reference d. speed
5. Speed with direction is referred to as .
a. displacement c. speed
 b. distance d. velocity
6. It is the distance travelled over the time to cover such distance.
a. average speed c. instantaneous speed
b. constant speed d. instantaneous velocity
7. Suppose that an object travels from one point in space to another. What is the
difference between the displacement and the distance traveled?
a. It is either less than or equal to the distance traveled.
b. The displacement is either greater than or equal to the distance traveled.
c. It can be either greater than, smaller than, or equal to the distance traveled.
d. If the displacement is equal to zero, then the distance traveled will also
equal zero.
8. Lydia de Vega is a world known Filipino track and field athlete. She can run the100
m dash in about 11.0seconds. What is her average speed?
a. 8.08 m/s c. 10.10 m/s
b. 9.09 m/s d. 11.11 m/s
9. King’s house is 6.0 km away from his school. How long would it take him to go to
school, riding a bus if its velocity is 30km/h?
a. 10 min c. 12 min
b. 11 min d. 13 min
10.A bus starts to move and reaches the velocity 150m/s in 10 seconds. Calculate the
acceleration of the bus.
a. 10 m/s2 c. 12 m/s2
b. 11m/s 2 d. 13m/s2
Answers Key (WHAT I KNOW)

1. C 6. C
2. D 7. D
3. A 8. C
4. A 9. D
5. D 10. D

References

Books

Asuncion, Alvie J., et al. 2017. K to 12 Science Grade 7 Learners Material

(SecondPart). First Edition. Pasig City: Bureau of Learning Resources
(DepEd-BLR).
Madriaga Estrellita A., et al. Science Links Worksheet for Scientific and
Technological Literacy. Seventh Revised Edition, 856, Nicanor Reyes Sr.
Street;Rex Books Store

Websites

www.physicsclassroom.com

www.PhysicsTutorials.org.

slideshare.net>nairamode>speed and
velocitslideshare.net.speed-and
velocity.11784053