Science 7 PHYSICS

Science 7
Third Quarter
Teacher Apple
FIRST QUARTER: MATTER
TOPIC III: FORCE, MOTION AND ENERGY
SUBTOPICS:
-Motion in One Direction
-Waves
-Sound
-Light
-Heat
-Electricity
LEARNING COMPETENCIES FOR THIS
QUARTER
1. Distinguish vector quantities from scalar quantities.
2. Describe the concepts of motion of an object in terms of distance or displacement, speed
or velocity, and acceleration.
3. Interpret the motion of objects through graphs.
4. Describe the parts and the propagation of waves relative to the motion of the wave
particles.
5. Compare the different types of waves based on the medium of their propagation.
6. Differentiate the properties of waves.
7. Evaluate the motion of waves mathematically.
8. Discuss how sound is produced and propagated.
9. Illustrate the process on how human can perceive sound.
10. Analyze properties of sound.
11. Familiarize themselves on the on the historical background on the nature of light.
12. Explain color and intensity of light in terms of its wave characteristics.
13. Illustrate situations that show modes of heat transfer and cite examples.
14. Investigate the different types of charging processes and
15. Explain the importance of earthing or grounding.
Describing and Measuring Motion
How do you recognize motion?
An object is in motion when its

distance from another object is
changing
The change in position with
respect to its reference point.
Movement depends on your point
of view
What is a reference point?
A place or object used for
comparison to determine if
something is in motion
An object is in motion if it
changes position relative to a
reference point
Dynamics
 The branch of physics involving the
motion of an object and the relationship
between that motion and other physics
concepts is studied under:
 Kinematics is a part of dynamics
 In kinematics, you are interested in the
description of motion
 Not concerned with the cause of the
motion
Quantities in Motion
 Any motion involves three concepts
 Distance or Displacement
 Velocity or speed
 Acceleration
 These concepts can be used to study
objects in motion
•Displacement
Cartesian Plane
Position
 Defined in terms of
a frame of
reference
 One dimensional,
so generally the x-
or y-axis
 Defines a starting
point for the
motion
Position
Displacement
 Defined as the change in position

x  xf  xi
 f stands for final and i stands for initial
 May be represented as y if vertical
 Shortest distance from point of reference
to its final position.
 Units are meters (m) in SI, centimeters
(cm) or feet (ft) in US/English System
Displacement
Displacement refers to the shortest
distance between the object’s two
positions, like the distance
between its point of origin and its
point of destination, no matter
what path it took to get to that
destination.
Displacement Isn’t Distance
 The displacement of an object is not the
same as the distance it travels
 Example: Throw a ball straight up and then
catch it at the same point you released it
 The distance is twice the height
 The displacement is zero
 Displacement refers to the shortest distance
between the object’s two positions, like the
distance between its point of origin and its
point of destination, no matter what path it
took to get to that destination.
Displacements
da= 60m – 30 m
da= 30m, right
Xi= 40 m
Xf= -50m
dT= 30 m – (-50m)
dT= 30m + 50m
dT= 80m, left
Displacement
 Displacement is a change of position in time.
 Displacement: x  x f (t f )  xi (ti )
 f stands for final and i stands for initial.
 It is a vector quantity.
 It has both magnitude and direction: + or - sign
 It has units of [length]: meters.
Displacement
d=400m
D=400m, W
d=900m
D=900m, E
d= 800m
D= 0
Distance and Displacements
d4=
d1= d3=
d2=
Distance=circumference
pi= 3.1416
1 grid= 1 km
C2= a2 + b2
C2= (4km)2 + (3 km) 2
C2= 16 km2 + 9 km2

C2= 25 km2
C= 5km, NE
1 grid= 1 km
Seatwork:
1.
Seatwork:
1.
Seatwork:
2.
QUARTER
particles.
Speed and Velocity
Speed
Speed is the measure of how fast an
object covered a certain distance.
To describe speed you need to know:
 distance traveled (meters – m)
 how long it took to go that distance
(seconds – s)
 Speed= m/s , km/hr, mi/hr
Velocity
 Velocityis speed in a given direction. It is also
determined by using the distance from the starting
position to the ending position, rather than the distance
of the path taken.
 A runner moves eastward at 10m/s.

 speed is 10m/s
 velocity is 10m/s east
 Velocityis very important for airplane pilots, weather

forecasters and anyone driving from one place to
another.
Speed
 Speed is the rate at which an object moves.
 Thefaster a runner’s rate of motion, the

faster the runner’s speed.
 Speed = distance/time
 Units = m/s
Constant Speed
 Objectsin motion that their speed does not
change is moving at a constant speed.
 Total
distance divided by total time give speed
at any point in time.
 Graph is a straight
line for constant speed.
Average Speed
 Not all objects move at constant speeds.
 The average speed also uses the formula
speed = total distance/ total time

Sample Problem 1:
 At what speed did a
plane fly if it traveled
1760 meters in 8
seconds?
Sample Problem 2:
What is the speed of a
walking person in m/s if
the person travels 1000
m in 20 minutes?
Sample Problem 3:
 A bullet was fired
with speed 3.2 m/s.
Find the distance
covered after 5 s.
Sample Problem 4:
Find the distance
covered by a 532 kg
truck if it travelled for 3
hours at an average
velocity of 50 km/hr.
Sample Problem 5:
Find the total time that
a biker will take if its
velocity is about 115
km/hr if it travelled a
total distance f 200 km.
Sample Problem 6:
How much time will it
take for an airplane to
run along a 13km
runway at an average
speed of 90 m/s?
SW2:Speed and velocity
 1. What is the speed of a rocket that travels
9000 meters in 12.12 seconds?
 2. What is the speed of a jet plane that travels
528 meters in 4 seconds?
 3. How long will your trip take (in hours) if you
travel 350 km at an average speed of 80 km/hr?
 4. How far (in meters) will you travel in 3
minutes running at a rate of 6 m/s?
 5. A trip to Cape Canaveral, Florida takes 10
hours. The distance is 816 km. Calculate the
average speed.
 6. A man walked from point A to F
following the route in the grid below in
3250 seconds. Determine
a) the average speed, in m/s, for the whole

journey.
b) the magnitude of the displacement.
Speed vs. Velocity
 Cars on both paths have the same average velocity

since they had the same displacement in the same
time interval
 The car on the blue path will have a greater average
speed since the distance it traveled is larger
SW3: Solve for Velocity:
1. A man walks 7 km East in 2

hours and 2 km in 1 hour in the
same direction. a)What is the
man's average velocity for the
whole journey?
b)what is the displacement?
2. If Pat can walk at an

average speed of 5
km/h, how many miles
can she walk in two
hours?
3. A car travels 22 km south, 12 km
west, and 14 km north in half an hour.
 a) What is the average velocity of the
car?
 b) What is the final displacement of
the car?
 4. A man walked from point A to F
following the route in the grid below in
3250 seconds. Determine
a) the average speed, in m/s, for the whole

journey.
b) the magnitude of the displacement.
V1
d1
3.d John droveV South 120 km at 60 km/h and then East
2 2
150 km at 50 km/h. Determine
a) the average speed for the whole journey?
b) the magnitude of the average velocity for the
whole journey? 1t=d 1
t=d 2 2
V
b) c) find the displacement V 2
1
= 120 km__ = 150 km__
V= d
60 km/hr 50 km/hr
t
t1= 2 hrs t2= 3 hrs
d= Vt
Vave= d1 + d2
V V
t1 + t2
d=t = 120 km + 150 km
V 2 hrs + 3 hrs
= 270 km
t= d 5 hrs
V Vave= 54 km/hr, SE
V1
d1
3.d John droveV South 120 km at 60 km/h and then East
2 2
150 km at 50 km/h. Determine
a) the average speed for the whole journey?
b) the magnitude of the average velocity for the
whole journey? 1t=d 1
t=d 2 2
V
b) c) find the displacement V 2
1
= 120 km__ = 150 km__
V= d
60 km/hr 50 km/hr
t
t1= 2 hrs t2= 3 hrs
d= Vt
Vave= d1 + d2
V V
t1 + t2
d=t = 120 km + 150 km
V 2 hrs + 3 hrs
= 270 km
t= d 5 hrs
V Vave= 54 km/hr, SE
SW3 : Solve for Velocity:
2. A man walks 7 km East in 2 hours

and then 2.5 km West in 1 hour.
What is the man's average velocity for
the whole journey?
Vave = d1 = d2 2.5 km
Xi Xf
t1 + t2
= 7 km + 2.5 km 7 km
2 hrs + 1 hr
displacement= 7 km- 2.5 km
= 9.5 km
displacement= 4.5 km
3 hrs
Vave = 3.17 km/hr, West
Solve for Velocity:
Answers to Exercise #2
Answers to Exercise #3
Graphical Interpretation of
Velocity
 Velocity can be determined from a
position-time graph
 Average velocity equals the slope of the
line joining the initial and final positions
 An object moving with a constant
velocity will have a graph that is a
straight line
How do you graph motion?
You can show the
motion of an object on
a line graph in which
you plot distance
against time
Time is along the x-
axis and distance on
the y-axis
How do you interpret motion
graphs?
A straight line
indicates a constant
speed
The steepness depends
on how quickly or slowly
the object is moving
The faster the
motion the steeper
Average Velocity, Constant
 The straight line
indicates constant
velocity
 The slope of the line
is the value of the
average velocity
Average Velocity, Non
Constant
 The motion is non-
constant velocity
 The average velocity
is the slope of the
blue line joining two
points
Instantaneous Velocity
 The limit of the average velocity as the time
interval becomes infinitesimally short, or as
the time interval approaches zero
x
lim
v t  0
t
 The instantaneous velocity indicates what is
happening at every point of time
Instantaneous Velocity on a
Graph
 The slope of the line tangent to the
position-vs.-time graph is defined to be
the instantaneous velocity at that time
 The instantaneous speed is defined as the
magnitude of the instantaneous velocity
Uniform Velocity
 Uniform velocity is constant velocity
 The instantaneous velocities are always
the same
 All the instantaneous velocities will also
equal the average velocity
When do we say that an
object accelerates?
 A biker moving at constant velocity
 A roller coaster going down.
 A ball that was thrown upward
 A ball that was moving downward
 A falling mango fruit from a tree
 A runner moving around a circular path
at constant velocity
An object accelerates when:
 by increasing its speed while traveling
in a straight line;
 by decreasing its speed while
traveling in a straight line; and
 by changing its direction while
traveling at a constant speed
Acceleration
 The rate of change in velocity is known as
acceleration. The car is moving in a
circular path at constant
speed (yes it is accelerating)
 Ifsomething is accelerating, it is doing one
of the following:
 speeding up
 slowing down
 changing directions
Acceleration
a= m/s2, km/hr2, mi/hr2

 Final = ending velocity
 Original = starting velocity
 Ittells how fast something is moving and gives

direction.
 Used when there are changes in velocity.

Deceleration
 When there is a decrease in velocity, the value of
acceleration is negative.
 Negative acceleration = deceleration
 Distance – time graphs

for acceleration is always
a curve.
SP1:Calculating
As a roller-coaster Acceleration
car starts down a slope, its speed
is 4 m/s. But 3 seconds later, at the bottom, its speed
is 22 m/s. What is its average acceleration? Is it a
positive or negative acceleration?
-
SP2: Calculating Acceleration
A certain car brakes from 27 m/s to rest

in 9 seconds. Find the car’s average
acceleration.
SW 3: Acceleration
A roller coaster’s velocity at the
top of a hill is 10m/s. Two
seconds later it reaches the
bottom of the hill with a velocity of
26m/s. What is the acceleration of
the roller coaster?
SW 3: Acceleration
2. A car accelerates from
rest to a speed of 36 km/h
in 20 seconds. What is
the acceleration of the
car?
Sample Problem 3:
What acceleration is
needed to accelerate a
car from 36 km/h to 72
km/h in 0.5 hour?
Sample Problem 4:
Starting with a constant
velocity of 14 m/s, a car
accelerates for 32 seconds at
an acceleration of 0.5 m/s .
2
What is the velocity of the car

at the end of the period of 32
seconds of acceleration?
Sample Problem 5:
How long does it take to
accelerate a car from a
speed of 50 km/h to a
speed of 100 km/h at an
acceleration of 3.5
km/h ?
2
Exercises:
1. A car accelerates uniformly from 0 to 72 km/h in
11.5 seconds. What is the acceleration of the car?
2. Starting from a distance of 20 meters to the left of
the origin and at a velocity of 10 m/s, an object
accelerates to the right of the origin for 5 seconds
at 4 m/s2. What is the final velocity of the object at
the end of the 5 seconds of acceleration?
3. What is the smallest distance, in meters, needed
for an airplane touching the runway with a velocity
of 100 m/s and an acceleration of -10 m/s 2 to
come to rest?
-
Graphing Acceleration
 You can use both a speed-versus-time graph and a distance-versus-
time graph to analyze the motion of an accelerating object.
Graphical Interpretation of
Acceleration
 Average acceleration is the slope of the
line connecting the initial and final
velocities on a velocity-time graph
 Instantaneous acceleration is the slope
of the tangent to the curve of the
velocity-time graph
Average Acceleration
Relationship Between
Acceleration and Velocity
 Uniform velocity (shown by red arrows

maintaining the same size)
 Acceleration equals zero
Relationship Between Velocity
and Acceleration
 Velocity and acceleration are in the same direction

 Acceleration is uniform (blue arrows maintain the
same length)
 Velocity is increasing (red arrows are getting longer)
 Positive velocity and positive acceleration
Relationship Between Velocity
and Acceleration
 Acceleration and velocity are in opposite directions

 Acceleration is uniform (blue arrows maintain the
same length)
 Velocity is decreasing (red arrows are getting
shorter)
 Velocity is positive and acceleration is negative
Circular Motion
 In
circular motion, the velocity is continuously
changing because direction is continuously
changing.
 Anobject in circular motion is accelerating even

though its speed may be constant.
 Ex:Ferris wheel, traveling in a car turning a

corner, or even as you sleep (the earth is
continuously rotating)
12.3 Changes in Velocity
I can define acceleration and deceleration.
Ican calculate acceleration and deceleration

using the given formula.
Ican interpret the distance/time graph for

acceleration.
I can describe circular motion.

QUARTER
particles.
WAVES
WAVES
WAVES
WAVES
PARTS OF THE WAVES
PARTS OF THE WAVES
WAVES
V- wavelength x T
WAVES
WAVES
WAVES
WAVES
WAVES
WAVES
WAVES
WAVES
1
2 The wave has a velocity of 15 m/s. Find its
wavelength if the frequency is 3Hz.
3
What is the frequency of a wave having a
wavelength of 13 m if travels at 22 m/s?
Seatwork 5: Waves
energy
crest
trough
Amplitude
wavelength
QUESTION?
SOUND
SOUND
SOUND
SOUND
SOUND
SOUND
SOUND
SOUND
SOUND
BIG TIME GIG!
VISIBLE LIGHT
VISIBLE LIGHT
VISIBLE LIGHT
VISIBLE LIGHT
VISIBLE LIGHT
QUARTER
particles.
REVIEW: Wave
HEAT
MELCs: Infer the conditions necessary for heat transfer
to occur. (S7LT-IIIh-i-12.)
Objectives:
• 1. define conduction, convection, and
radiation;
• 2. explain when can conduction,
convection, and radiation occur; and
• 3. cite applications of conduction,
convection, and radiation in real life
situations.
• What do you think is
the difference
between HEAT and
TEMPERATURE?
HEAT AND TEMPERATURE
• HEAT is the form of energy
that transfers from hot
temperature to low
temperature.
• HEAT is the total kinetic energy
of all moving molecules.
• Its unit is calories.
• TEMPERATURE is the degree of
hotness and coldness of the body.
• TEMPERATURE is the average kinetic
energy of a system or body.
• TEMPERATURE is the relative speed
of motion of particles of object or
body.
• Its unit is 0C, 0F or K.
•HEAT is a form of
energy.
•TEMPERATURE is
the effect of heat.
•are different!
•Do you think
HEAT can be
transferred?
HEAT TRANSFER
HEAT
PT2:
Investigating
Heat Transfer
• How will you describe heat transfer
in Set Up A? (candles, spoon and hot
water?
• How about in Set up B (Hot and cold
water) as evidenced by scattering of
food color.?
• How about in Set Up C (Stone under
direct sunlight)
HEAT
HEAT
HEAT
HEAT
HEAT
Let’s Transfer HEAT!
Directions: Identify the following illustrations
illustrates CONDUCTION, CONVECTION or
RADIATION. Some illustrations may show
more than one form of heat transfer.
RADIATION, CONVECTION, CONDUCTION

RADIATION
CONVECTION
CONDUCTION
CONDUCTION, RADIATION
CONVECTION, RADIATION
CONVECTION
CONDUCTION, RADIATION
CONVECTION
RADIATION
SW: Directions: Identify the mode of heat transfer in the
following:
following:
following:
CONDUCTION
CONDUCTION
CONVECTION
RADIATION
RADIATION
following:
CONVECTION
CONVECTION
RADIATION
CONVECTION
RADIATION
Extending Your Learning:
Which is the best insulator?
CHARGING PROCESSES
ATOMS
❑Atoms are the basic building
blocks of all matter.
❑Everything on earth is made of

atoms

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Science 7

An object is in motion when its

C2= 16 km2 + 9 km2

 A runner moves eastward at 10m/s.

 Velocityis very important for airplane pilots, weather

 Thefaster a runner’s rate of motion, the

 The average speed also uses the formula

speed = total distance/ total time

a) the average speed, in m/s, for the whole

 Cars on both paths have the same average velocity

1. A man walks 7 km East in 2

2. If Pat can walk at an

a) the average speed, in m/s, for the whole

2. A man walks 7 km East in 2 hours

a= m/s2, km/hr2, mi/hr2

 Ittells how fast something is moving and gives

 Used when there are changes in velocity.

 Negative acceleration = deceleration

 Distance – time graphs

SP2: Calculating Acceleration

A certain car brakes from 27 m/s to rest

What is the velocity of the car

 Uniform velocity (shown by red arrows

 Velocity and acceleration are in the same direction

 Acceleration and velocity are in opposite directions

 Anobject in circular motion is accelerating even

 Ex:Ferris wheel, traveling in a car turning a

Ican calculate acceleration and deceleration

Ican interpret the distance/time graph for

I can describe circular motion.

RADIATION, CONVECTION, CONDUCTION

❑Everything on earth is made of

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