CH - 13: MOTION AND TIME

1. Define motion and rest.

Motion - It is the change in the position of an object with respect to its
surroundings in a given interval of time.
Rest – When the position of body with respect to its surroundings does not
change with time, it is said to be at rest.

2. What is speed? Write its formula and SI unit.

Ans - The distance travelled by an object in unit time is called its speed. The
SI unit for measuring speed is m/s. Formula: Speed = Distance/ Time

3. What is simple pendulum.

Ans - A simple pendulum consists of a small metal ball (bob) suspended
from a fixed point such that it can swing freely under the influence of
gravity. A simple pendulum undergoes to and fro or oscillatory motion.

4. Define one oscillation, time period and frequency of simple pendulum.

One Oscillation – One complete to and fro motion of the pendulum is called
one oscillation.

Time period – The time taken to complete one oscillation is called the time
period of the pendulum. Time period of pendulum depends on the length of
the thread it is suspended from.
Time period = Time taken / Number of oscillations

Frequency – It is number of oscillations per second. Time period is the

reciprocal of frequency and vice versa. Its unit is Hertz (Hz) or per second
(s-1). Frequency = 1/ Time period = Number of oscillations/ Time taken

5. A simple pendulum is oscillating between two points A and B as shown in

Fig. Is the motion of the bob uniform or non-uniform?

Ans – Non uniform

6. Draw distance-time graph for the following
a) Uniform motion
b) Non- uniform motion
c) Rest

Ans -

7. Complete the data of the table given below with the help of the distance-time
graph given in Fig.

Ans -
Distance (m) 0 4 8 12 16 20
Time (s) 0 2 4 6 8 10

8. A simple pendulum has time period of 0.5s. What is its frequency?

Ans - Frequency = 1/ Time period = 1/0.5 = 2 Hz

9. Calculate the time period of a simple pendulum if it takes 48 sec to complete

12 oscillations.
Ans - Time period = Time taken / Number of oscillations = 48/12 = 4 sec.
10. Distinguish between
a) Uniform motion and non-uniform motion
b) Odometer and speedometer

Sno Uniform motion Non-uniform motion

1 When an object covers equal
distances in equal intervals of
time, it is said to have a uniform
motion
2 The speed remains constant
3 The distance time graph is a
straight line
4 Average speed is same as actual
speed of object
5 For example: Earth moving
around the sun, movement of
hands of the watch
When an object covers unequal
distances in equal interval of
time, it is said to have a non-
uniform motion
The speed keeps changing over
a period of time
The distance time graph is a
curved line
Average speed is different from
actual speed of object at
different times
For example: motion of car or
scooter on a busy road

Sno Speedometer Odometer

1 The speedometer in a vehicle
gives the speed of the moving
vehicle directly in km/h
2 The reading of the speedometer
during the journey may increase
or decrease
The odometer in the vehicle
gives the distance travelled in
kilometres
The reading of the odometer
during the journey increases

11. Convert
a) 108km/hr to m/s
b) 180km/hr to m/s
c) 180m/s to km/hr
d) 55m/s to km/hr

Ans –
a) 108 km/ hr = 108 x 5/ 18 = 30 m/s
b) 180 km/ hr = 180 x 5/ 18 = 50 m/s
c) 180 m/s = 180 x 18/5 = 648 km/h
d) 55 m/s = 55 x 18/5 = 198 km/h
12. A truck travels a distance of 540 km in 4.5 hr. Calculate its speed in
km/hr and m/s.
Ans –
Speed = Distance / Time = 540 / 4.5 = 120 km/h

120 km/ h = 120 x 5/ 18 = 33.34 m/s

13. Given below as Fig. is the distance-time graph of the motion an object.

i. What will be the position of the object at 20s?

ii. What will be the distance travelled by the object in 12s?
Ans -
i) Position of object at 20 s = 8 m away from starting position i.e. point
A on the graph
ii) Distance travelled by object in 12 s = 6 m.

14. Ram runs a distance of 120 km with a speed of 4.5 km/hr and Shyam runs
1.6km within 15 min. Who runs faster?
Ans –
Speed of Ram = Distance/ Time = 120/4.5 = 26.67 km/hr
15 minute in hr = 15/ 60 = ¼ hr
Speed of Shyam = 1.5/ (1/4) =1.5*4 = 6 km/ hr
Therefore, Ram runs faster.

15. A boy jogs 10m in 5s. What is his speed? How far will he reach in 100s?
Ans –
Speed = 10/ 5 = 2m/s
Distance travelled in 100 s = speed x time = 100 x 2 = 200 m
16. Plot a distance-time graph for the motion of a body with the following
data:
Time (s) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Distance (m) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60
iii. What will be the position of the object at 3s?
iv. What will be the distance travelled by the object in 5s?

NCERT QUESTIONS
1. Classify the following as motion along a straight line, circular or oscillatory
motion:
i. Motion of your hands while running - Oscillatory
ii. Motion of a horse pulling a cart on a straight road – Straight line
iii. Motion of a child in a merry-go-round - Circular
iv. Motion of a child on a see-saw - Oscillatory
v. Motion of the hammer of an electric bell - Oscillatory
vi. Motion of a train on a straight bridge – Straight line

2. Which of the following are not correct?

i. The basic unit of time is second - True
ii. Every object moves with a constant speed - False
iii. Distances between two cities are measured in kilometres - True
iv. The time period of a given pendulum is constant - True
v. The speed of a train is expressed in m/h - False

3. A simple pendulum takes 32 s to complete 20 oscillations. What is the

time period of the pendulum?
Ans - Time period = Time taken / Number of oscillations
= 32 / 20 = 1.6 sec
4. The distance between two stations is 240 km. A train takes 4 hours to cover
this distance. Calculate the speed of the train.
Ans – Speed = Distance/ Time = 240 / 4 = 60 km/h
5. The odometer of a car reads 57321.0 km when the clock shows the time
08:30 AM. What is the distance moved by the car, if at 08:50 AM, the
odometer reading has changed to 57336.0 km? Calculate the speed of
the car in km/min during this time. Express the speed in km/h also.
Ans –
Distance travelled by car = Odometer Reading at 8:50 AM – Odometer
Reading at 8:30 AM = 57336 – 57321 = 15 km
Time taken = 8:50 AM – 8:30 AM = 20 min = 20/ 60 hr = 1/3 hr
Speed of car in km/ min = 15/ 20 = 0.75 km/ min
Speed of car in km/ h = 15/ (1/3) = 15*3 = 45 km/ h

6. Salma takes 15 minutes from her house to reach her school on a bicycle.
If the bicycle has a speed of 2 m/s, calculate the distance between her
house and the school.
Ans –
Time taken = 15 min = 15 * 60 = 900 sec
Speed = 2 m/s
Distance = Speed x Time = 2 * 900 = 1800 m = 1.8 km

7. Show the shape of the distance-time graph for the motion in the following
cases:
i. A car moving with a constant speed.
ii. A car parked on a side road.
Ans –

8. Which of the following relations is correct?

(i) Speed = Distance × Time (ii) Speed = Distance/ Time
 (iii) Speed = Time / Distance (iv) Speed = Distance ×
Time
9. The basic unit of speed is:
(i) km/min (ii) m/min
(iii) km/h (iv) m/s

10. A car moves with a speed of 40 km/h for 15 minutes and then with a speed
of 60 km/h for the next 15 minutes. The total distance covered by the car is:
(i) 100 km (ii) 25 km
(iii) 15 km (iv) 10 km

11. Suppose the two photographs, shown in Fig. 13.1 and Fig. 13.2, had been
taken at an interval of 10 seconds. If a distance of 100 metres is shown by 1
cm in these photographs, calculate the speed of the fastest car.

Distance travelled by green car = 2.5 + 1.5 = 4 cm

Distance travelled by blue car = 1.5 cm
Distance shown in the photograph, 1 cm = 100m
Therefore, distance travelled by green car = 400 m
Speed = Distance/ Time = 400/ 10 = 40 m/s

12. Fig. 13.15 shows the distance-time graph for the motion of two vehicles A
and B. Which one of them is moving faster?

Ans – Vehicle A is moving faster with a steeper slope.

13. Which of the following distance-time graphs shows a truck moving with
speed which is not constant?

(iii) – The speed is not constant.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Amplitude is the maximum distance

that the pendulum moves away from
the mean position while oscillating.
 NCERT EXEMPLAR
1. Which of the following cannot be used for measurement of time?
a. A leaking tap c. Shadow of an object
b. Simple pendulum during the day
d. Blinking of eyes

2. Two clocks A and B are shown in Figure. Clock A has an hour and a minute
hand, whereas clock B has an hour hand, minute hand as well as a second
hand. Which of the following statement is correct for these clocks?

a. A time interval of 30 seconds can be measured by clock A

b. A time interval of 30 seconds cannot be measured by clock B
c. Time interval of 5 minutes can be measured by both A and B
d. Time interval of 4 minutes 10 seconds can be measured by clock A

3. Two students were asked to plot a distance-time graph for the motion
described by Table A and Table B.
 The graph given in Figure is true for
a. both A and B c. B only
b. A only d. neither A nor B

4. A bus travels 54 km in 90 minutes. The speed of the bus is

a. 0.6 m/s c. 5.4 m/s
b. 10 m/s d. 3.6 m/s

6. Observe Figure

The time period of a simple pendulum is the time taken by it to travel from
a. A to B and back to A c. B to A, A to B and B to O
b. O to A, A to B and B to A d. A to B
 7. Fig. shows an oscillating pendulum. Time taken by the bob to move from A
to C is t1 and from C to O is t2. The time period of this simple pendulum is

a. (t1 + t2 ) c. 3 (t1 + t2 )
b. 2 (t1 + t2 ) d. 4 (t1 + t2 )

8. The correct symbol to represent the speed of an object is

a. 5 m/s c. 5 m/s-1
b. 5 mp d. 5 s/m

9. Boojho walks to his school which is at a distance of 3 km from his home in

30 minutes. On reaching he finds that the school is closed and comes back
by a bicycle with his friend and reaches home in 20 minutes. His average
speed in km/h is
a. 8.3 c. 5
b. 7.2 d. 3.6

11. Paheli and Boojho have to cover different distances to reach their school but
they take the same time to reach the school. What can you say about their
speed?
Ans – Because their speed is different from one another.

12. If Boojho covers a certain distance in one hour and Paheli covers the same
distance in two hours, who travels in a higher speed?
Ans – Boojho travels at higher speed because he covers the distance early.

14. The average age of children of Class VII is 12 years and 3 months. Express
this age in seconds.
Ans –
12 years 3 months = 12 x 365 + 3 x 30 = 4470 days
4470 days = 4470 x 24 x 3600 = 386208000 s
15. A spaceship travels 36,000 km in one hour. Express its speed in km/s.
Ans –
Time = 1 hour = 60 min = 60 x 60 = 3600 sec
Speed = Distance / Time = 36000/ 3600 = 10 km/s

16. Starting from A, Paheli moves along a rectangular path ABCD as shown in
Figure. She takes 2 minutes to travel each side. Plot a distance-time graph
and explain whether the motion is uniform or non-uniform.

Ans –

Since the distance covered per unit time for the entire distance covered is
not the same, the motion is non-uniform.
17. Plot a distance-time graph of the tip of the second hand of a clock by
selecting 4 points on x-axis and y-axis respectively. The circumference of the
circle traced by the second hand is 64 cm.
Ans –

19. Distance between Bholu’s and Golu’s house is 9 km. Bholu has to attend
Golu’s birthday party at 7 o’clock. He started from his home at 6 o’clock on
his bicycle and covered a distance of 6 km in 40 minutes. At that point he
met Chintu and he spoke to him for 5 minutes and reached Golu’s birthday
party at 7 o’clock. With what speed did he cover the second part of the
journey? Calculate his average speed for the entire journey.
Ans –
Distance left to reach Golu’s house = 9-6 = 3 km
Time left = 60 – 40 – 5 = 15 min = ¼ hr
Speed of second part of journey = Distance left/ Time left
= 3/ (1/4) = 12 km/ hr
Average speed = 9/ 1 = 9 km/ hr
20. Boojho goes to the football ground to play football. The distance time graph
of his journey from his home to the ground is given in Figure

a. What does the graph between point B and C indicate about the motion
of Boojho?
b. Is the motion between 0 to 4 minutes uniform or nonuniform?
c. What is his speed between 8 and 12 minutes of his journey?

Ans –
a. Boojho is at rest.
b. Non-uniform
c. Speed = Distance/ Time = (225-150)/ (4) = 75/4= 18.75 km/min