Final Activity MARPOWER

ST.
THERESE-MTC COLLEGES
ILOILO, PHILIPPINES
MARPOWER
BASIC MARINE ENGINEERING
STEPHEN T. TO-ONG
BSMT 3-5
MIDTERM
LESSON 13
Learning Module 13: Refrigeration, Air Conditioning and

Ventilation (4 hours)
Competence, Course Outcomes and Learning

Outcomes
Competence:
A-II/2.F1.C11: Operate remote control of propulsion plant and engineering system and
services
Course Outcome/s:
CO5: Sketch a general arrangement plan of the engine room showing the basic
elements, machinery and equipment needed for efficient operation
Learning Outcomes:
1. Describe a vapor-compression cycle refrigeration plant

2. State desirable properties of a refrigerant, the properties of commonly used refrigerant
3. Describe the use of secondary refrigerants for cooling compartments and explain the
co-efficient of performance of a refrigeration plant and describe an air conditioning
plant
Overview
ST. THERESE-MTC COLLEGES
ILOILO, PHILIPPINES
MARPOWER
STEPHEN T. TO-ONG
BSMT 3-5
MIDTERM
Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) is the technology of indoor and
vehicular environmental comfort. Its goal is to provide thermal comfort and acceptable indoor
air quality. HVAC system design is a subdiscipline of mechanical engineering, based on the
principles of thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, and heat transfer. "Refrigeration" is sometimes
added to the field's abbreviation, as HVAC&R or HVACR or "ventilation" is dropped, as in HACR
(as in the designation of HACR-rated circuit breakers).
HVAC is an important part of residential structures such as single-family homes,

apartment buildings, hotels, and senior living facilities, medium to large industrial and office
buildings such as skyscrapers and hospitals, vehicles such as cars, trains, airplanes, ships and
submarines, and in marine environments, where safe and healthy building conditions are
regulated concerning temperature and humidity, using fresh air from outdoors.
Ventilating or ventilation (the "V" in HVAC) is the process of exchanging or replacing air
in any space to provide high indoor air quality which involves temperature control, oxygen
replenishment, and removal of moisture, odors, smoke, heat, dust, airborne bacteria, carbon
dioxide, and other gases. Ventilation removes unpleasant smells and excessive moisture,
introduces outside air, keeps interior building air circulating, and prevents stagnation of the
interior air.
Discussion
ILOILO, PHILIPPINES
MARPOWER
STEPHEN T. TO-ONG
BSMT 3-5
MIDTERM
13. Key Concept
Vapor-compression uses a circulating liquid refrigerant as the medium which absorbs

and removes heat from the space to be cooled and subsequently rejects that heat elsewhere.
Figure 1 depicts a typical, single-stage vapor-compression system. All such systems have four
components: a compressor, a condenser, a thermal expansion valve (also called a throttle
valve or metering device), and an evaporator. Circulating refrigerant enters the compressor in
the thermodynamic state known as a saturated vapor and is compressed to a higher pressure,
resulting in a higher temperature as well. The hot, compressed vapor is then in the
thermodynamic state known as a superheated vapor and it is at a temperature and pressure at
which it can be condensed with either cooling water or cooling air flowing across the coil or
tubes.
The ideal working fluid or often called refrigerant would have favorable
thermodynamic properties, non-explosive, be noncorrosive to mechanical components, and be
safe, including freedom from toxicity and flammability. It would not cause ozone depletion or
climate change. Since different fluids have the desired traits to a different degree, the choice is
a matter of trade-offs.
High-temperature applications such as air conditioning use chilled water as the

secondary refrigerant while low-temperature applications use brines, glycols, and oils. Large
refrigeration plants often use secondary refrigerants to transport the cooling capacity from the
plant room to the point of use.
ILOILO, PHILIPPINES
MARPOWER
STEPHEN T. TO-ONG
BSMT 3-5
MIDTERM
References
T2 – Russel, Paul A., Leslie Jackson and Thomas Morton (2013). General engineering
knowledge for marine engineer’s. London: Adlard Coles Nautical
R12 – Block, Heins P., Murari P. Singh. (2009) steam turbines: design, applications and
rerating. New York: Mcgraw-Hill Companies Inc.
R13 – Millan, Mario (2009). Auxiliary machinery 1. Makati City: Z& Z Press.
R17 – Parr, Andrew (1998). Hydraulics & pneumatics: a technicians and engineers
guide. 2nd ed. Oxford: Butterworth Heinemann
Online Sources
Vapor Chiller – KRC Total Solutions.

https://krctotalsolutions.com/pk/solutions/hvac/hvacchiller/vapor-chiller/
Checkpoint
Activity 1. Fill in the Blanks

Directions: Supply the missing word or words to complete the meaning of the
statement.
ILOILO, PHILIPPINES
MARPOWER
STEPHEN T. TO-ONG
BSMT 3-5
MIDTERM
Write your answer in the space provided in each number.
1. ____________ is a refrigerant property is still employed but requires special ventilation.
2. ____________ is a refrigerant that is now banned for shipboard use due to its explosive
property.
3. ____________ is the most expensive refrigerant.
4. ____________ is the most common refrigerant nowadays.
5. ____________, ____________, ____________ & ____________ are the properties of a
refrigerant.
6. ____________ is the purpose of seawater or and freshwater that passes through the
condenser system in simple vapor compression cycle.
Do this
Activity 2. Essay
Instructions: Discuss briefly in five (5) to ten(10) sentences. Do not copy word for word the
definition given in the discussion. Cite example/s for each item if necessary. Write
your answer in the space provided below.
Describe a vapor-compression cycle refrigeration plant

ILOILO, PHILIPPINES
MARPOWER
STEPHEN T. TO-ONG
BSMT 3-5
MIDTERM
Assessment
Test 1: Modified True or False

Directions: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if otherwise. If the statement is
FALSE, change the underlined word(s) that make the statement correct. Write
your answer in the space before each number.
___________1. Methyl Chloride is a refrigerant property is still employed but requires
special
ventilation.
___________2. Ammonia is a refrigerant that is now banned for shipboard use due to
its
explosive property.
___________3. Refrigerant 22 is the most expensive refrigerant.
___________4. Refrigerant 502 is the most common refrigerant now a days.
___________5. For cooling is the purpose of seawater or and freshwater that passes
through
the condenser system in simple vapor compression cycle.
Test II. Enumeration
Directions: Enumerate what is asked below. Write your answer in the space provided
below.
a. Enumerate the Four properties of a refrigerant.
LESSON 14
Learning Module 14: Stabilizers (4 hours)

ILOILO, PHILIPPINES
MARPOWER
STEPHEN T. TO-ONG
BSMT 3-5
MIDTERM

Outcomes
Competence:
services
Course Outcome/s:
Learning Outcomes:
1. Describe the construction and operation of fin stabilizers, the arrangement and operation
of a flume stabilizer,
Overview
Ship stabilizers (or stabilizers) are fins or rotors mounted beneath the waterline and
emerging laterally from the hull to reduce a ship's roll due to wind or waves. Active fins are
controlled by a gyroscopic control system. When the gyroscope senses the ship roll, it changes
the fins' angle of attack to exert force to counteract the roll. Fixed fins and bilge keels do not
move; they reduce roll by hydrodynamic drag exerted when the ship rolls. Stabilizers are
mostly used on ocean-going ships. Fins work by producing lift or downforce when the vessel is
in motion. The lift produced by the fins should work against the roll moment of the vessel. To
accomplish this, two wings, each installed underwater on either side of the ship, are used.
Stabilizer movement is similar to that of aircraft ailerons. Some types of fins, especially the
ones installed on larger ships, are provided with flaps that increase the fin lift by about 15%.
Stabilizer control needs to consider numerous variables that change quickly: wind, waves, ship
ILOILO, PHILIPPINES
MARPOWER
STEPHEN T. TO-ONG
BSMT 3-5
MIDTERM
motion, draft, etc. Fin stabilizers are much more efficient at higher velocities and lose
effectiveness when the ship is under a minimum speed.
Discussion
14. Key Concept
To maintain the ship’s sane equilibrium

condition, fin stabilizers are attached to the sides of the
ship. Boat stabilizer fins are generally rectangular and
are attached in pairs on each side to provide the
necessary balance. The size of the fins depends on
various factors such as the ship’s breadth, length,
displacement, etc. However, compared to the size of
the ship, the size of the fins is relatively quite small.
Fin stabilizers are generally of retractable type,

pivoted, or mounted on a sliding mechanism in the
ship’s form. The operating system of the fin stabilizer is
similar to that of a steering gear system. The movement
of the fins occurs when a signal from the control unit is
sent. A hydraulic power unit comprising of a variable displacement pump receives the signal
and provides the necessary fin movement. However, the effectiveness of the system depends
on the speed with which the fins can operate. According to international regulations, the fins
should rapidly move from one end to the other smoothly and without any hindrances. The
shape and design of the ship should be rectangular and streamlined respectively. Moreover,
most of the modern ships are provided with movable fins to facilitate a greater restoring
movement to the ship.
The sensing control of the system determines the angle of the tilt of the fins and the
resulting movement of the ship. For this, the control system of the stabilizers makes use of two
gyroscopes, one that senses the movement from the vertical and other that identifies the
rolling velocity. After assessing a ship’s roll angle, roll velocity, roll acceleration and natural list
the control system sends the signal for the right inclination angle needed for the fins.
ILOILO, PHILIPPINES
MARPOWER
STEPHEN T. TO-ONG
BSMT 3-5
MIDTERM
References
T2 – Russel, Paul A., Leslie Jackson, and Thomas Morton (2013). General engineering
knowledge for marine engineers. London: Adlard Coles Nautical
R7 – Millan, Mario (2011). Auxiliary machinery 1. Makati City: Z& Z Press. pp.85-89
R12 – Block, Heins P., Murari P. Singh. (2009) steam turbines: design, applications and re-
rating. New York: Mcgraw-Hill Companies Inc.pp.22-24
R13 – Millan, Mario (2009). Auxiliary machinery 1. Makati City: Z& Z Press. pp. 318-
332
R17 – Parr, Andrew (1998). Hydraulics & pneumatics: technicians and engineers
Online Sources
Boat Stabilizer Fin - Ship Stability Apparatus - Bright ....

https://www.brighthubengineering.com/naval-architecture/47686-types-of-ship-
stabilizers-finstabilizer/
ILOILO, PHILIPPINES
MARPOWER
STEPHEN T. TO-ONG
BSMT 3-5
MIDTERM
Checkpoint

Directions: Supply the missing word or words to complete the meaning of the statement.
1. _____________is a stabilizing system that has one or more pairs of fins are fitted on both
sides of a ship.
2. _____________ is a stabilizing system that provides a righting or anti-rolling force as the
result of the delayed flow of fluid in a suitably positioned transverse tank.
3. ______________are much more efficient at higher velocities and lose effectiveness when
the ship is under a minimum speed.
4. When the __________senses the ship roll, it changes the fins' angle of attack to exert
force to counteract the roll.
5. The _____________determines the angle of tilt of the fins and the resulting movement of
the ship
Do this
ILOILO, PHILIPPINES
MARPOWER
STEPHEN T. TO-ONG
BSMT 3-5
MIDTERM
Activity 2. Essay
Instructions: Discuss briefly in five (5) to ten sentences. Do not copy word for word the
Describe the construction and operation of fin stabilizers.
Assessment

your answer in the space provided before each number.
___________1. Hydraulic power are mostly used on ocean-going ships
___________2. Sensing control system movement is similar to that of aircraft ailerons.
___________3. Modern ships are much more efficient at higher velocities and lose
effectiveness when the ship is under a minimum speed.
___________4. Tank stabilizers stabilizing system has one or more pairs of fins are
fitted on
both sides of a ship.
___________5. Boat stabilizers is a stabilizing system provides a righting or anti-rolling
force
ILOILO, PHILIPPINES
MARPOWER
STEPHEN T. TO-ONG
BSMT 3-5
MIDTERM
as the result of the delayed flow of fluid in a suitably positioned
transverse tank.
___________6. Stabilizer fins are generally rectangular in shape and are attached in
pair on
each side to provide the necessary balance.
___________7. A Fin stabilizers unit comprising of a variable displacement pump

receives the
signal and provides the necessary fin movement.
___________8. Fin stabilizers are provided with movable fins to facilitate a greater restoring
movement to the ship.
___________9. The stabilizer determines the angle of tilt of the fins and the resulting
movement of the ship
___________10. When the gyroscope senses the ship roll, it changes the fins' angle of
attack
to exert force to counteract the roll.
LESSON 15
Learning Module 15: Sewage Treatment Plant (4 hours)

Outcomes
Competence:
ILOILO, PHILIPPINES
MARPOWER
STEPHEN T. TO-ONG
BSMT 3-5
MIDTERM
services
Course Outcome/s:
Learning Outcomes:
1. Describe the operation of a chemical and biological sewage treatment plant.
Overview
Sewage treatment is the process of removing contaminants from municipal wastewater,
containing mainly household sewage plus some industrial wastewater. Physical, chemical, and
biological processes are used to remove contaminants and produce treated wastewater (or
treated effluent) that is safe enough for release into the environment. A by-product of sewage
treatment is a semi-solid waste or slurry, called sewage sludge. The sludge has to undergo
further treatment before being suitable for disposal or application to land.
Sewage treatment may also be referred to as wastewater treatment. However, the latter is
a broader term which can also refer to industrial wastewater. For most cities, the sewer system
will also carry a proportion of industrial effluent to the sewage treatment plant which has
usually received pretreatment at the factories themselves to reduce the pollutant load. If the
sewer system is a combined sewer then it will also carry urban runoff (stormwater) to the
sewage treatment plant. Sewage water can travel towards treatment plants via piping and in a
flow aided by gravity and pumps. The first part of the filtration of sewage typically includes a
bar screen to filter solids and large objects which are then collected in dumpsters and disposed
of in landfills. Fat and grease are also removed before the primary treatment of sewage.
Discussion
15. Key Concept

ILOILO, PHILIPPINES
MARPOWER
STEPHEN T. TO-ONG
BSMT 3-5
MIDTERM
Discarding sewage produced
onboard on a ship is one of the few
tasks on a ship which should be
taken utmost care of if one wants to
save him and his shipping company
from heavy fine. The sewage
generated on the ship cannot be
stored on the ship for a very long
time and it, for this reason, it has to
be discharged into the sea.
Though sewage can be

discharged into the sea, we cannot
discharge it directly overboard as there are some regulations regarding the discharging of
sewage that needs to be followed. Sewage on the sea is generally the waste produced from
toilets, urinals, and WC scuppers. The rules say that the sewage can be discharged into the
seawater only after it is treated and the distance of the ship is 4 nautical miles from the
nearest land.
A chemical treatment plant consists of a big storage tank that collects, treats, and
stores the sewage for discharging it to the sea or ashore receiving facility. The sewage is first
collected in a tank and the liquid content is reduced.
The basic principle of the working of a biological treatment plant is the decomposition
of raw sewage. This process is done by aerating the sewage chamber with fresh air. The
aerobic bacteria survive on this fresh air and decompose the raw sewage which can be
disposed of in the sea. Air is a very important criterion in the functioning of the biological
sewage plant because if the air is not present, it will lead to the growth of anaerobic bacteria,
which produces toxic gasses that are hazardous to health.
References
ILOILO, PHILIPPINES
MARPOWER
STEPHEN T. TO-ONG
BSMT 3-5
MIDTERM
knowledge for marine engineer’s. London: Adlard Coles Nautical
R13 – Millan, Mario (2009). Auxiliary machinery 1. Makati City: Z& Z Press..
R17 – Parr, Andrew (1998). Hydraulics & pneumatics: a technicians and engineers guide. 2 nd
ed. Oxford: Butterworth Heinemann
Online Sources
Different types of water management methods - Constro ....

https://www.constrofacilitator.com/different-types-of-water-management-methods/
Sewage Treatment - Comneton. https://www.comneton.com/sewage-treatment

ILOILO, PHILIPPINES
MARPOWER
STEPHEN T. TO-ONG
BSMT 3-5
MIDTERM
Checkpoint

Directions: Supply the missing word or words to complete the meaning of the statement. Write
your answer in the space provided in each number.
1. ___________ is a type of sewage treatment plant treats the sewage so that it is acceptable
for discharge in shore.
2. ____________is a type of sewage treatment plant has a storage tank to collect solid waste
for disposal in permitted area.
3. ____________is the process of removing contaminants from municipal wastewater,
containing mainly household sewage plus some industrial wastewater.
4. _____________, and biological processes are used to remove contaminants and produce
treated wastewater that is safe enough for release into the environment
5. A by-product of sewage treatment is a semi-solid waste or slurry, called _____________
Do this
Activity 2. Essay
Instructions: Discuss briefly in five (5) to ten sentences. Do not copy word for word the
definition given in the discussion. Cite example/s for each item if necessary.
Write your answer in the space provided below.
Describe the operation of the following:
1. chemical
2. biological sewage treatment plant

ILOILO, PHILIPPINES
MARPOWER
STEPHEN T. TO-ONG
BSMT 3-5
MIDTERM
Assessment

FALSE, change the underlined word(s) that make the statement correct. Wriote
__________1. Biological treatment process is a type of sewage treatment plant treats
the
sewage so that it is acceptable for discharge in shore.
__________2. Sewage is a type of sewage treatment plant has a storage tank to
collect solid
waste for disposal in permitted area.
__________3. Decomposition, is the process of removing contaminants from municipal
wastewater, containing mainly household sewage plus some industrial
wastewater.
__________4. nautical miles, and biological processes are used to remove
contaminants and
produce treated wastewater that is safe enough for release into the
environment
__________5. A by-product of sewage treatment is a semi-solid waste or slurry, called
wastewater treatment.
__________6. Sewage treatment may also be referred to as raw water treatment.
__________7. The rules say that the sewage can be discharged into the seawater only
after it
is treated and the distance of the ship is .sewage sludge from the nearest land.
__________8. The basic principle of the working of a biological treatment plant is Physical/
chemical process of the raw sewage
ILOILO, PHILIPPINES
MARPOWER
STEPHEN T. TO-ONG
BSMT 3-5
MIDTERM
__________9. Sewage treatment on the sea is generally the waste produced from
toilets,
urinals, and WC scuppers.
__________10. The biological treatment process is done by aerating the sewage
chamber with
fresh air.
LESSON 16
Learning Module 16: Oily Water Separators and Oil Filtering

Equipment (4 hours)

Outcomes
Competence:
services
Course Outcome/s:
Learning Outcomes:
1. Describe the operation of an oily-water separator (producing effluent that contains less
than 100 ppm of oil) and the operation of oil filtering equipment (producing effluent
that contains not more than 15 ppm of oil).
ILOILO, PHILIPPINES
MARPOWER
STEPHEN T. TO-ONG
BSMT 3-5
MIDTERM
2. Explain why oily-water separators, even if well maintained and correctly operated may
not function
3. Describe how an oil-content meter function and an oil discharge monitoring and control
system.
Overview
An oily water separator (OWS) (marine) is a piece of equipment specific to the shipping
or marine industry. It is used to separate oil and water mixtures into their separate
components. This page refers exclusively to oily water separators aboard marine vessels. They
are found onboard ships where they are used to separate oil from oily wastewater such as
bilge water before the wastewater is discharged into the environment. These discharges of
wastewater must comply with the requirements laid out in Marpol 73/78.
Issue No. 1 Page 20 of 47
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STUDENT LEARNING MODULE
ST Revision No. 1 Effectivity date:
Reviewed by: Approved by:
10 August 2020
QMR President
Bilgewater is a near-unavoidable product of shipboard operations. Oil leaks from

running machineries such as diesel generators, air compressors, and the main propulsion
engine. Modern OWS has alarms and automatic closure devices which are activated when the
oil storage content of the wastewater exceeds a certain limit (15 ppm: 15 cm3 of oil in 1m3 of
water).
The filter is a fine mesh screen that is used to remove impurities from oil, water, and
air on the ship. Filters are mounted in pairs as a duplex system so that one can be used and
the other is kept on standby at a time. The filter can be utilized both in low pressure (suction)
and discharge (high pressure) side of the system and is used to remove the smallest part of
dirt which is carried away in the system. The cleaning frequency of filters depends on the type
of the filter and is decided by the manufacturer. The schedule is generally included in the
planned maintenance system onboard.
Discussion
16. Key Concept
An oily water separator clears the

bilge water of oily content to bring it inside
the acceptable range to discharge it
overboard. An oily water separator is
machinery for such importance that it is
handled by only the 2nd or chief engineer.
(However, the duty engineer might also be
asked to operate under supervision). An
oily water separator can only be operated
when the ship is sailing and en route.
According to MARPOL, the oil content of the
effluent must be less than 15 ppm and the
ship has in operation an oil discharge
monitoring and control system and oily-
water separating/filtering equipment. In case of failure to follow any of the above-
mentioned rules, the ship will be fined and stopped, and the chief or 2nd engineer can even be
imprisoned.
A sampler probe and a flow meter sensor is connected at the discharge pipe, before
the overboard valve, to sense the oil content and the flow of the mixture. The data provided
©All Rights Reserved

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by the two sensors are fed in a control unit wherein it is analyzed and the discharge valve is
controlled by the same.
Many conventional oily water separators fail to split stable emulsions and remove
suspended colloidal particles from the water phase. This often results in equipment
malfunction because the separation of oil below 15 ppm is not achieved or because of clogging
from excessive solids.
References
CBT
AV11 – Oil Water Separator
knowledge for marine engineer’s. London: Adlard Coles Nautical pp.391-399
R13 – Millan, Mario (2009). Auxiliary machinery 1. Makati City: Z& Z Press. pp.87-90
ed. Oxford: Butterworth Heinemann pp.144-145
Online Sources
A Guide to Operating Oily Water Effective & Efficient ....

https://www.marineinsight.com/wpcontent/uploads/2013/05/OWS.pdf
How to Operate an Oily Water Separator (OWS) on Ship?.

https://www.marineinsight.com/tech/ows/how-to-operate-an-oily-water-separator-ows-
onship/
Strainers & Mud Box | Maritime Supplies in Dubai | Dutco ....

https://www.dutcotennant.com/category/maritime-energy/maritime/strainers-and-mud-box
What is Oil Discharge Monitoring and Control System (ODMCS ....

https://www.marineinsight.com/maritime-law/what-is-oil-discharge-monitoring-and-
controlsystem-odmcs-on-ship/

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Checkpoint
Activity 1. Fill in the Blanks.

Instruction: Supply the missing word or words to complete the meaning of the statement.
1. _______________ is used to control the amount of oil discharge to the sea.
2. _________is allowed to discharge only of bilge water separators to the sea.
3. __________is an equipment used on board the ship controls the discharging of bilge
water into the sea.
4. An _____________(marine) is a piece of equipment specific to the shipping or marine
industry
5. ______________is used to separate oil and water mixtures into their separate
components.
Do this
Activity 2. Essay
Instructions: Discuss briefly in five (5) to ten (10) sentences. Do not copy word for
word the definition given in the discussion. Cite example/s for each item if necessary. Write
your answer in the space provided below:
Explain why oily-water separators, even if well maintained and correctly operated may
not function

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Assessment

Directions: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if otherwise. If the statement
is FALSE, change the underlined word(s) that make the statement correct. Write
_________1. Oil content meter equipment is used to control the amount of oil
discharge to the
sea.
_________2. 15 PPM is allowed to discharge only of bilge water separators to the sea.
_________3. Bilge water separator is an equipment used on board the ship controls
the
discharging of bilge water into the sea.
_________4. An oily water separator (OWS) (marine) is a piece of equipment specific

to the
shipping or marine industry
_________5. Oily water separator is used to separate oil and water mixtures into their
separate components.
_________6. These discharges of waste water must comply with the requirements laid out in
Marpol 73/78.

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_________7. Bilge water is a near-unavoidable product of shipboard operations.
_________8. Filters are mounted in pairs as a duplex system so that one can be used
and
other is kept on standby at a time
_________9. The cleaning frequency of filters depends on the type of the filter and is
decided
by the manufacturer
_________10. Modern OWSs have alarms and automatic closure devices which are activated
when the oil storage content of the waste water exceeds a certain limit (15 ppm :
15 cm3 of oil in 1m3 of water).
LESSON 17
Learning Module 17: Incinerators and Anchor Windlass (4 hours)

Outcomes
Competence:
services
Course Outcome/s:

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Learning Outcomes:
1. Describe the functioning of a waste incinerator and anchor windlass.
Overview
An incinerator is a furnace for burning waste. Many paper and pulp mills incorporate
them into their pollution mitigation systems. Incineration involves the high-efficiency
combustion of certain solid, liquid, or gaseous wastes. The reactions may be self-sustaining
based on the combustibility of the waste or require the addition of fuels. They may be batch
operations or continuous as with flares used to burn off methane from landfills, and they may
incorporate secondary control methods and operate at efficiency levels of 99.99%, as with
hazardous waste incinerators. The volume of solid waste can be reduced by up to 95%.
Combustion temperatures, contact time, and mass transfer are the major parameters affecting
incineration performance. Limitations include the high cost of supplementary fuel, high
temperatures require good thermal loss control, and hot surfaces, flashback, and explosive
conditions (Hutter, 1997). Figure 6.4 shows a schematic of an incinerator.
A windlass is a machine used on ships that are used to let-out and heave-up equipment
such as a ship's anchor or a fishing trawl. On some ships, it may be located in a specific room
called the windlass room.
An anchor windlass is a machine that restrains and manipulates the anchor chain on a
boat, allowing the anchor to be raised and lowered using chain cable. A notched wheel
engages the links of the chain or the rope.
A trawl windlass is a similar machine that restrains or manipulates the trawl on a

commercial fishing vessel. The trawl is a sort of big fishing net that is wound on the windlass.
The fishermen either let-out the trawl or heave-up the trawl during fishing operations. A brake
is provided for additional control. The windlass is usually powered by an electric or hydraulic
motor operating via a gear train.

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Discussion
17. Key Concept
Incineration is a waste treatment process that involves the combustion of organic

substances contained in waste materials.[1] Incineration and other high-temperature waste
treatment systems are described as "thermal treatment". Incineration of waste materials
converts the waste into ash, flue gas, and heat. The ash is mostly formed by the inorganic
constituents of the waste and may take the form of solid lumps or particulates carried by the
flue gas. The flue gases must be cleaned of gaseous and particulate pollutants before they are
dispersed into the atmosphere. In some cases, the heat generated by incineration can be used
to generate electric power.
An anchor windlass is a machine that restrains and manipulates the anchor chain on a
boat, allowing the anchor to be raised and lowered using chain cable. The anchor is shackled
to the anchor cable (US anchor chain), the cable passes up through the hawsepipe, through
the pawl, over the windlass gypsy (US wildcat) down through the "Spurling pipe" to the
chain/cable locker under the forecastle (or poop if at the stern (US fantail)) - the anchor bitts
are on a bulkhead in the cable locker and the bitter end of the cable is connected to the bitts
using the bitter pin, which should be able to be released from outside the locker to "slip" the
anchor.

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References
R6 – Barlett Tim. (2011) diesel engine. 4th ed. London:Adlard Coles

Nautical R13 – Millan, Mario (2009). Auxiliary machinery 1. Makati City: Z& Z
Press.
R12 – Block, Heins P., Murari P. Singh. (2009) steam turbines: design, applications and
rerating. New York: Mcgraw-Hill Companies Inc.
Online Sources
Anchor windlass - WikiMili, The Free Encyclopedia.

https://wikimili.com/en/Anchor_windlass
Incinerator - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/incinerator Checkpoint

statement. Write your answer in the space provided in each number.
1. ______is used in some installations where the cable lifter rotates about a vertical exist.
2. _______is a usual anchor handling device where one machine may be used to handle
both anchor.
3. _______is an equipment is installed on board the ship used for burning sludge and oil.
4. An _____ is a furnace for burning waste.
5. _________onboard ship can be reduced by up to 95% using incinerator.
Do this
Activity 2. Essay
your answer in the space provided below:

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Describe how waste incinerator and anchor windlass work.
Assessment

Direction: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if otherwise. If the statement is
_________1. Anchor capstans is used in some installations where the cable lifter
rotates about
a vertical exist.
_________2. Windlass is a usual anchor handling device where one machine may be
used to
handle both anchor.
_________3. Incinerator is an equipment is installed on board the ship used for

burning sludge
and oil.
_________4. An incinerator is a furnace for burning waste.

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_________5. Volume of solid waste onboard ship can be reduced by up to 95% using
incinerator.
_________6. A windlass is a machine used on ships that is used to let-out and heave-
up
equipment such as a ship's anchor or a fishing trawl
_________7. The windlass is usually powered by an electric or hydraulic motor operating via a
gear train.
_________8. Incineration is a waste treatment process that involves the combustion of organic
substances contained in waste materials
_________9. Incineration and other high-temperature waste treatment systems are
described
as "thermal treatment.
_________10. Incineration of waste materials converts the waste into ash, flue gas and
heat.
LESSON 18
Learning Module 18: Marine Engineering Terms and Fuel

Consumption (4 hours)
Competence, Course Outcomes and Learning Outcomes
Competence:
services
Course Outcome/s:

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Learning Outcomes:
1. Define mass, force, work, power, energy, pressure, stress, strain and heat and states
units in which each is measured.
2. Explain what is meant by the efficiency of the machine
3. Define indicated power, propeller power, and thrust.
4. Define the Admiralty coefficient (AC) and fuel coefficient (FC) as:
AC = (displacement) ⅔ x (speed)3
i. engine power
FC=(displacement) ⅔ x (speed)3 ii. Daily
Fuel Consumption
5. Explain that, for the economy, the actual speed at any stage of a voyage should be as
near as practicable to the required average speed.
6. Explain how the condition of the hull affects the fuel coefficient and fuel consumption.
Overview
Marine engineering is a branch of engineering that deals with nautical architecture and
science. The term 'Marine Engineering' is meant for research conducted in oceans and coastal
or inland waters connected to the sea. Marine Engineering courses deal with the construction
and maintenance of ships and other sailing vessels. A marine engineer (or ship engineer),
works in researching, developing, and constructing new marine vessels and their parts. This
includes creating blueprints, designing engines and propulsion systems, testing prototypes, and
supervising the construction of full-size ships. Marine Engineers have the complete
responsibility of the ship's technical management. They are responsible for selecting the ships'

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machinery, which may include diesel engines, steam turbines, gas turbines; and for the design
of mechanical, electrical, fluid, and control systems throughout the vessel.
In the ship’s engine room, several gauging instruments display various important
parameters such as level, pressure, temperature, etc. But some essential parameters cannot
be read directly through any instrument as they depend on several dynamic factors.
This demands the marine engineer working onboard ships to do some formula based
calculations by considering all those factors and with possible available inputs. Of all the
important calculations that are to be done onboard ships, there a few ones which marine
engineers must know without fail.
Discussion
18. Key Concept
If you are a marine engineer or aspiring to be one, then it’s obvious that you would
eat, breathe, and sleep marine engines. The study of marine engines forms an integral part of
the marine engineering syllabus. Needless to say, every marine engineer must know this
important machine inside out. A Marine engine is a complex machine, which requires years of
experience and knowledge for understanding and handling the same. Moreover, there are
several engineering terms that an engineer should know like the back of his hand.
• Mass - the quality of matter that a body possesses.

• Work - a product of the force and the distance through which the force moves.
• Force - It is defined as a push or pull which tend to move a body in the direction of its
action
• Energy - defined as the capacity to do work.
• Power - It is defined as the work done in a given time or the rate of doing work.
• Pressure - the intensity of force or force per unit area.
• Heat - the energy in motion between the system and its surroundings as
consequences of a temperature difference between them.

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Indicated Power is defined as the power developed by the combustion of fuel inside
the engine cylinder. It is always more than brake power and is given by, Therefore, the
difference between ip and bp indicates the power loss in the mechanical components of the
engine due to friction. A propeller is a device with a rotating hub and radiating blades that are
set at a pitch to form a helical spiral, that when rotated performs an action that is similar to
Archimedes' screw. It transforms rotational power into a linear thrust by acting upon a working
fluid such as water or air. The rotational motion of the blades is converted into thrust by
creating a pressure difference between the two surfaces. A given mass of working fluid is
accelerated in one direction and the craft moves in the opposite direction. Propeller dynamics,
like those of aircraft wings, can be modeled by Bernoulli's principle and Newton's third law.
Most marine propellers are screw propellers with helical blades rotating around an
approximately horizontal axis or propeller shaft.
References
AV18 – All Power Points in Engine System
R17 – Parr, Andrew (1998). Hydraulics & pneumatics: a technicians and engineers
Online Sources
8 Engine Terms Every Marine Engineer Should Know – Part 1.

https://www.marineinsight.com/tech/8-engine-terms-every-marine-engineer-should-
knowpart-1/
B.Tech. Marine Engineering: Course, Career, Salary .... https://www.iaspaper.net/b-

techmarine-engineering/
Propeller Shaft CV Joint Kit - [Drivetrain] / OE Solutions ....

https://vagydude.appspot.com/15/drivetrain/propeller-shaft-cv-joint-kit/307907942
What is Marine Engineering and what do Marine Engineering ....

https://www.myklassroom.com/Engineering-branches/41/Marine-Engineering

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Checkpoint

1. ______is defined as the capacity to do work.
2. ______ is defined as a product of the force and the distance through which the force
moves.
3. ______ is defined as a push or pull which tend to move a body in the direction of its
action.
4. ______is defined as the quantity of matter that a body possesses.
5. ________is the most effective communication details of engineering equipment.
Do this
Activity 2. Essay
1. Explain what is meant by the efficiency of machine in terms of indicated and

mechanical powers
2. Differentiate between indicated power and mechanical power.

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Assessment

statement. Write your answer in the space provided in each number.
1. In ______is the best opportunity to thoroughly examine the propeller and any repair
necessary should be carried out.
2. _________is considered constant number that can build up to deal with changes in
ship speed or displacement.
3. __________is a product of pitch and the number of revolution turned in a unit time.
4. ___________is the amount of fuel used in a unit time/ 1 tonne/ day.
5. ___________is the power to develop in engine cylinder and can be measured by an
engine indicator.
6. ___________is an instrument is used to measure an indicator diagram of each cylinder
of an engine
7. ___________is the ratio of shaft power to indicate power for an engine.
8. _______is defined as the energy in motion between system and its surrounding as
consequences of a temperature different between them.
9. ________is defined as the intensity of force or force per unit area.
10. _______ is defined as the work done in a given time or the rate of doing work.

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LESSON 19
Learning Module 19: Arrangements necessary for appropriate

and effective engineering watches to be maintained for the
purpose of safety under normal circumstances and UMS
operations (4 hours)

Outcomes
Competence:
services
Course Outcome/s:
Learning Outcomes:
1. Explain briefly in general engine room safety should be observed at all given times.
2. Define mass, force, work, power, energy, pressure, stress, strain, and heat and states
units in which each is measured.
3. Explain the importance and implementation of risk assessment and risk management in
an engine room.
4. Describe the safety systems of work and permit to work that should be observed in an
engine room.
5. Explain the types and importance of wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) while
working in an engine room.
6. Describe the arrangements necessary for appropriate and effective engineering
watches to be maintained for safety under normal circumstances and UMS operations.

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Overview
UMS or Unattended Machinery Spaces is a marine automation system for the ship’s
engine room. Unlike conventional watch system on normal cargo ships, in UMS class vessels,
there are usually no engineer officers on watch in the engine room (from 1700 hrs. to 0700
hrs). If there is a malfunction in any machinery, an alarm will be sounded in the engine room
as well as in the ‘on duty’ engineer’s cabin. The engineer then must go down in the engine
room and investigate the alarm.
Before the ship’s duty engineer switches the engine room to UMS mode at the end of
day’s work, he/she has to take thorough engine room rounds to check the condition of all
running machinery systems and try to anticipate any probable alarms that could occur at night.
Normally, shipping companies provide a UMS checklist in their SMS and the engineer has to
adhere to the same.
A UMS checklist generally has the following points mentioned in it:
• Make sure you inform the duty officer about your location when you leave the engine
room whether you are heading for your meal or to your cabin or the gym. The duty
officer should always know about your whereabouts. The time the engine room has to
be unattended depends on the Chief Engineer’s standing orders and the company’s
instructions.
• Make sure no alarms are in repose condition or manual mode. Also, ensure all alarm
set values are correct and not manipulated to avoid alarms; this practice is not safe at
all.
• We must get maximum purification for FO which is achieved at a minimum feed rate
and separating temperature of 98 Degree Celsius. It might not be possible to keep the
minimum feed rate all the time depending on the FO consumption and requirement.
• Many times, due to hot work in the engine room or during testing of detectors, fire
detectors of a particular zone are isolated. It has happened that after the work is
finished, personnel have forgotten to activate the detectors again. Hence it is necessary
to check whenever you are about to leave the engine room.

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• Sludge tanks keep on increasing continuously when purifiers are running. Similarly, oily
bilge tanks keep on increasing when ME is running. Make sure they are below minimum
value to avoid overflowing and alarm.
Discussion
19. Key Concept
The ship’s engine room is the home to a variety of machinery and systems, which
work together to move the ship from one port to another. Engine room professionals have to
continuously work amidst such high temperature and pressure systems, which make an
extremely hostile working environment.
Despite taking all the precautions and safety measures while handling engine room
machinery systems, accidents are bound to take place in the ship’s engine room. Many of
these accidents are extremely dangerous not only to the ship’s properly but also to the lives of
seafarers. Mentioned below are such types of extremely dangerous engine room accidents that
occur in the ship’s engine room.
• Crankcase Explosion of Ship’s Engine

• Over-Speeding of Generators
• Boiler explosion
• Compressor Airline Explosion
• High-Pressure Fuel Line Bursting
The engine room is a place where accidents and pollution incidents can easily occur if
safe working practices and pollution prevention measures are not strictly followed. The Chief
Engineer is responsible for ensuring that the importance of accident/incident prevention is fully
understood by all engineering staff including the potential risks involved.

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All Engine Room Staff must be suitably dressed and must wear coveralls, safety shoes,
gloves, goggles, and helmets as per the VMS PPE matrix. Engine Room and machinery spaces
must be kept clean, tidy and as free as possible from oil/fuel stains or sources, all of which
must be identified and eliminated. To prevent fires, any possible source of uncontrollable heat
must be protected and any fuel leakage must be cleaned up and the source identified and
eliminated.
References
R4 – Umans, Stephen D. (2014). Fitzgerald and Kingsley’s Electric Machinery, 7 th ed. New York:
Mcgraw-Hill. pp. 299-328
ed. Oxford: Butterworth Heinemann pp.339-346
Online Sources
10 Extremely Dangerous Engine Room Accidents on Ships.

https://www.marineinsight.com/marine-safety/10-extremely-dangerous-engine-
roomaccidents/
Preparation for UMS Operation On Ships [Checklist].

https://www.marineinsight.com/guidelines/preparation-for-ums-operation-on-ships/
Ships Engine Room Safety and Environmental Procedures.

http://www.machineryspaces.com/engine-room-safety.html

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Checkpoint

1. _______is defined as the capacity to do work.
2. _______is defined as a product of the force and the distance through which the force
moves.
3. _______is defined as a push or pull which tend to move a body in the direction of its
action.
4. _______is defined as the quality of matter that a body possesses.
5. _______is the most effective communication details of engineering equipment.
Do this

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Activity 2. Essay
definition given in the discussion. Cite example/s for each item if necessary.
Write your answer in the space provided below.
Explain the importance and implementation of risk assessment and risk

management in an engine room.
Assessment

Instruction: Supply the missing word or words to complete the meaning of the statement.
1. ____________ is the meaning of U.M.S.
2. ____________ is the time period and also the personnel at work during that period in the
engine room.
3. ____________ is the officer in charge of engineering watch,
4. ____________ is a P.P.E. that protects you from falling objects.

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5. ____________ is the minimum hours of rest stated in section S-111/1 of STCW Code 95
Standard regarding watch keeping.
6. ____________ is a set of procedure to be carried out in the continued operation of the
machinery and reduces the occurrence of unsafe act and decrease the factor of human
error
7. ____________ is to avoid accidents or risks in the engine room.
8. ____________ is the meaning of P.P.E.
9. ____________ is the optimum safety measured to be carried out in engine room.
10. Sludge tanks keep on increasing continuously when ______ are running.
LESSON 20
Learning Module20: Arrangements necessary to ensure a safe

engineering watch is maintained when carrying dangerous
cargo (4 hours)

Outcomes
Competence:
services
Course Outcome/s:
Learning Outcomes:

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1. Describe the arrangements necessary to ensure a safe engineering watch is maintained

when carrying dangerous cargo.
Overview
Watchkeeping is an integral part of the marine engineer’s duties on board ship. A lot of
maintenance work can be reduced by following an efficient watchkeeping routine in the ship’s
engine room. Moreover, it can also avoid serious accidents from taking place.
But what is the true yardstick for measuring the efficiency of a watchkeeping
procedure? A smooth-running ship is a product of efficient handling at the bridge and effective
management in the ship’s engine room under any seagoing condition.
When a marine engineer is approved to be the in charge of the engine room, he is

eligible and officially authorized to handle a ship’s engine of “Unlimited Power”. It is therefore
important that the watch keeping procedure, a daily routine that has to be carried out every
single day, is done most systematically to prevent any kind of breakdown. Though there is no
ultimate yardstick to measure the efficiency of a watchkeeping procedure, we have compiled a
list of 12 ways that will help a marine engine on board ship to master the watchkeeping
procedure.
The first and most important step to enhance your duties during a watch is to have a
very strong knowledge base. One must know the basics of the machines and their operations,
new trends and upcoming technologies, and maritime regulations along with their
amendments. It is commonly said on ships that to become a good watchkeeper, an engineer
must use all the 6 senses- i.e. touch, hearing, smell, visuals, taste, and kinaesthetic senses
(6th Sense). All these senses when applied correctly help an engineer to understand the
condition of machines in a better way. A smart engineer would know the importance of engine
room logbook and would also know how to interpret previous readings of different machines
from the same.

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Discussion
20. Key Concept
• Parties shall direct the attention of companies, masters, chief engineer officers, and
watchkeeping personnel to the following principles, which shall be observed to ensure that
safe watches are maintained at all times.
• The master of every ship is bound to ensure that watchkeeping arrangements are
adequate for maintaining a safe navigational or cargo watch. Under the master’s general
direction, the officers of the navigational watch are responsible for navigating the ship
safely during their periods of duty, when they will be particularly concerned with avoiding
collision and stranding.
• The chief engineer officer of every ship is bound, in consultation with the master, to ensure
that watchkeeping arrangements are adequate to maintain a safe engineering watch.
Protection of the marine environment
• The master, officers, and ratings shall be aware of the serious effects of operational or
accidental pollution of the marine environment and shall take all possible precautions to
prevent such pollution, particularly within the framework of relevant international and port
regulations.
• The term engineering watch as used in parts 4-2, 5-2, and 5-4 of this section means either
a person or a group of personnel comprising the watch or a period of responsibility for an
officer during which the physical presence in machinery spaces of that officer may or may
not be required.
• The officer in charge of the engineering watch is the chief engineer officer’s representative
and is primarily responsible, at all times, for the safe and efficient operation and upkeep of
machinery affecting the safety of the ship and is responsible for the inspection, operation,
and testing, as required, of all machinery and equipment under the responsibility of the
engineering watch.
• The composition of the engineering watch shall, at all times, be adequate to ensure the
safe operation of all machinery affecting the operation of the ship, in either automated or
manual mode, and be appropriate to the prevailing circumstances and conditions.

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References
STCW 2010
Online Sources
12 Ways to Master the Engine Room Watch Keeping Procedure.

https://www.marineinsight.com/guidelines/12-ways-to-master-the-engine-room-watchkeeping-
procedure/
CHAPTER VIII Standards regarding watchkeeping.

https://weh.maritime.edu/stcw/2018/images/STCW_Chap_VIII.pdf
watch-keeping.docx - 1 Knowledge is the Base The first and ....

https://www.coursehero.com/file/67196239/watch-keepingdocx/
Checkpoint
Activity 1. Modified True or False

_________1. Watchkeeping is an integral part of the marine engineer’s duties on board
ship.

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_________2. A lot of maintenance work can be reduced by an efficient engineering watch

routine in the ship’s engine room.
_________3. The is an eligible marine engineer is authorized to handle a ship’s engine of the
marine environment.
_________4. A good watchkeeper, an engineer must use all the 6 senses- i.e. touch, hearing,
smell, visuals, taste, and emotional senses.
_________5. A smart engineer would know the importance of engine room
navigational watch.
Do this
Activity 2. Essay
Describe the arrangements necessary to ensure a safe engineering watch in

carrying dangerous cargo.

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Assessment
Test I: Fill in the Blanks.

1. ____________ is an integral part of the marine engineer’s duties on board ship
2. A lot of maintenance work can be reduced by an efficient ________routine in the
ship’s engine room.
3. The is an eligible marine engineer is authorized to handle a ship’s engine of
______.
4. A good watchkeeper, an engineer must use all the 6 senses- i.e. touch, hearing,
smell, visuals, taste and _________senses.
5. A smart engineer would know the importance of engine room_________.
6. The master of every ship is bound to ensure that watchkeeping arrangements are
adequate for maintaining a safe _____________.
7. The master, officers, and ratings shall be aware of the serious effects of accidental
pollution of the ______________.
8. The officer in charge of the __________is the chief engineer officer’s representative
and is primarily responsible, at all times
Test II: Multiple Choice
Directions: Encircle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer.
1. What is the minimum hrs. of rest (as stated in section A-III/1 of STCW Code ‘95, standard
regarding Watchkeeping?
a. 5 hrs c. 10 hrs
b. 8 hrs. d. 12 hrs.
2. Personal protective equipment that protects your head from a falling object.
a. Engineering watch c. Welding mask
b. Hard hat d. Bonne
3. What type of protective equipment that protects your eye in radiation during welding?
b. Hard hat d. Bonnet
4. It is a person as a group of personnel comprising the watch.
b. Hard hat d. Bonne
5. Who is the officer in charge of the engineering watch?
a. Chief Engineer Office c. Second Engineer Officer
b. Chief Mate Officer d. Third Engineer Officer
6. It is a time period and also the personnel at work during that period in the engine room.

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a. Indicator mechanism c. Theoretical speed

b. Rate of fuel consumption d. Watch

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ST.

Learning Module 13: Refrigeration, Air Conditioning and

Competence, Course Outcomes and Learning

1. Describe a vapor-compression cycle refrigeration plant

HVAC is an important part of residential structures such as single-family homes,

Vapor-compression uses a circulating liquid refrigerant as the medium which absorbs

High-temperature applications such as air conditioning use chilled water as the

Vapor Chiller – KRC Total Solutions.

Activity 1. Fill in the Blanks

Describe a vapor-compression cycle refrigeration plant

Test 1: Modified True or False

___________3. Refrigerant 22 is the most expensive refrigerant.

___________4. Refrigerant 502 is the most common refrigerant now a days.

Test II. Enumeration

a. Enumerate the Four properties of a refrigerant.

Learning Module 14: Stabilizers (4 hours)

Competence, Course Outcomes and Learning

14. Key Concept

To maintain the ship’s sane equilibrium

Fin stabilizers are generally of retractable type,

Boat Stabilizer Fin - Ship Stability Apparatus - Bright ....

Activity 1. Fill in the Blanks

Test 1: Modified True or False

___________7. A Fin stabilizers unit comprising of a variable displacement pump

Learning Module 15: Sewage Treatment Plant (4 hours)

Competence, Course Outcomes and Learning

1. Describe the operation of a chemical and biological sewage treatment plant.

15. Key Concept

Though sewage can be

Different types of water management methods - Constro ....

Sewage Treatment - Comneton. https://www.comneton.com/sewage-treatment

Activity 1. Fill in the Blanks

2. biological sewage treatment plant

Test 1: Modified True or False

Learning Module 16: Oily Water Separators and Oil Filtering

Competence, Course Outcomes and Learning

Bilgewater is a near-unavoidable product of shipboard operations. Oil leaks from

16. Key Concept

An oily water separator clears the

©All Rights Reserved

AV11 – Oil Water Separator

A Guide to Operating Oily Water Effective & Efficient ....

How to Operate an Oily Water Separator (OWS) on Ship?.

Strainers & Mud Box | Maritime Supplies in Dubai | Dutco ....

What is Oil Discharge Monitoring and Control System (ODMCS ....

©All Rights Reserved

Activity 1. Fill in the Blanks.

©All Rights Reserved

Test 1: Modified True or False

_________4. An oily water separator (OWS) (marine) is a piece of equipment specific

©All Rights Reserved

_________7. Bilge water is a near-unavoidable product of shipboard operations.

Learning Module 17: Incinerators and Anchor Windlass (4 hours)

Competence, Course Outcomes and Learning

©All Rights Reserved

1. Describe the functioning of a waste incinerator and anchor windlass.

A trawl windlass is a similar machine that restrains or manipulates the trawl on a

©All Rights Reserved

17. Key Concept

Incineration is a waste treatment process that involves the combustion of organic

©All Rights Reserved

R6 – Barlett Tim. (2011) diesel engine. 4th ed. London:Adlard Coles

Anchor windlass - WikiMili, The Free Encyclopedia.