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12.00
The sales price per unit is Rs.20. Actual production, sale and finished goods inventories in units as follows:
-7
Lease cost of general purpose machinery N 1,500,000
-8
General overheads (23,6000 hours at Rs. 65 per hour) N
-9
Feasibility report, plans and drawing costs N 495,000
-
10
Total cost 49,347,000
Add: Profit (35%) 17,271,450
= Suggested minimum price of the project 66,618,450
Actual
Moulding 30,000 5,000 14,000 200,000
Painting 59,500 8,500 800 95,000
89,500 13,500 14,800 295,000
During period, a batch of mouse was made which had the following costs and time:
Required:
(a) Calculate the cost of the batch of mouse using a single company-wide overhead absorption rate based on labor hours.
(04
Marks)
It has suggested that appropriate departmental overheads absorption rate may be more realistic.
(b) Calculate appropriate departmental overhead absorption rates. (03 Marks)
(c) Calculate the cost of batch using departmental absorption rates. (03 Marks)
Question No. 7 – 27 minutes
Assume that you have been appointed finance director of Breckhall Inc. The company is considering investing in the production of an
electronic security device, with an expected market life of five years. The previous finance director has undertaken an analysis of the
proposed project; the main features of his analysis are shown below:
Proposed Electronic Security Device Project Rs. 000
Now Year Year Year Year Year
(0) 1 2 3 4 5
Capital Investment 4,500
Cumulative investment in 300 400 500 600 700 700
Working Capital
All the above cash flows have been prepared in the present day terms without incorporating inflation and relevant costing principles
accurately.
Required: Evaluate on the basis of NPV whether project is financially viable or not? (20)
SOLUTIONS
Answer No. 1
(a) Breakeven Sales Revenue for next year
Revised Breakeven Sales Revenue = Total Fixed Cost for next year
C/S Ratio for next year
= Rs. 19.44
15.7895%
= Rs. 123.12 million (1 Mark)
(W1) Total Fixed cost for next year
Percentage Increase in Sale volume = Budgeted Sale Revenue of next year – Budgeted Sale Revenue of next year (with sale price
effect)
Budgeted Sale Revenue of next year (with sale price effect)
= Rs. 164.16 million - Rs. 114 million x 100
Rs. 114 million
= 44 % (2 Marks)
Answer No. 2:
Req. (a) – Optimal production and purchase plan
Step 1: Verification of limiting factor (i.e. Machine Hours) Marks
Demand Machine
(units) Hours
A 12,000 48,000
B 20,000 120,000
C 16,000 32,000
= Total machine hours required to meet demand 200,000
Less: Available machine hours in year 2018 (156,000)
Shortage 44,000
Note: Verification of limiting factor is options
Answer No. 3
Income statement Marginal costing
For the month of July.
Rs. Rs. Marks
Sales Revenue 840,000 0.5
Less: Cost of sales (variable)
Finished goods at beginning (6,000 units x Rs. 12) 72,000 1.0
Production (38,000 units x Rs. 12) 456,000 1.5
Finished goods at ending (2,000 units x Rs. 12) (24,000) 2.0
(504,000)
= Gross contribution 336,000
Less: variable selling and admin expense (8,000) 1.0
= Net contribution 328,000
Less: Fixed expenses:
Fixed factory overheads (Rs. 600,000 ÷ 12 month) (50,000) 1.0
Fixed selling and admin (100,000)
= Operating profit 268,000
Income Statement – Absorption Costing
For the month of July.
Rs. Rs. Marks
Sales 840,000 0.5
Less: Cost of sales
Finished goods at beginning (6,000 units x Rs. 13.25) 79,500 1.0
Production (38,000 units x Rs. 13.25) 503,500 1.5
Finished goods at ending (2,000 units x Rs. 13.25) (26,500) (556,500) 2.0
= Gross profit 283,500
Less: selling & admin expenses 1.0
Variable (8,000) 1.0
Fixed (10,000)
= operating profit 265,500
Rs. Marks
Absorption costing profit 265,500
Add: Difference in cost of opening stock (Rs. 1.25 per unit x 6,000 units) 7,500 1.5
Less: Difference in cost of Closing Stock (Rs. 1.25 per unit x 2,000 units) (2,500) 1.5
Marginal Costing Profit 268,000
Answer No. 4:
Target Cost Gap = Current Cost (W-1) – Target Cost (W-2)
= Rs. 97 – Rs. 96
= Rs. 1 per chair (1 Marks)
Answer No. 5
Faysal Builders & Marketing Company (FBMC)
(a) Maximum price to be quoted for construction of warehouse:
Notes Rs.”000” Marks
Direct materials:
Food and drink at meeting N1 - 0.5
Material A(140,000 kg x Rs. 115 per kg) N2 16,100 1.0
Material A(140,000 kg x Rs. 115 per kg) N3 20,000 1.0
Other materials-at purchase price N4 2,000 0.5
Direct labour
Faysal’s time N5 130 1.0
Skilled labour 24,650 hours x Rs. 165 per hour N5 4,067.25 1.0
Unskilled labour17,200 hours x Rs. 80per hour N6 1,376 1.0
Other costs:
Miscellaneous site charges-incremental 1200 0.5
Machine hours N7 4,050 1.0
General overheads N8 - 0.5
Opportunity cost of using yard N9 1,250 0.5
Feasibility reports, plans and drawing cost N10 - 0.5
Total cost 50,173.25 1.0
Markup @ 35% N11 - 0.5
Maximum price 50,173.25
Marks
N1) The food and drink cost costs are sunk. The meeting with client has already occurred and therefore the cost not 0.5
relevant.
N2) Since the material is in regular use by Faysal builders, it is replacement cost which is in the relevant cost for it 0.5
N3) Material B is to be purchased for the contract therefore its purchase costs to be relevant. Although only 120 tons are
required for the work the minimum order quantity is 125 tons and as Faysal Builders has no other use for this 0.5
material and there is no indication that the unused 5 tons can be sold, the full cost of purchasing is the relevant.
N4) Other materials are cost at their purchase price. 0.5
N5) Faysal’s hours are charged as opportunity cost, i.e. the benefit forgone as a result of working on the contract (or
best alternative use). The best alternative use would be a saving of Rs. 130,000 by repairing his own farm house. 0.5
The reminder of the skilled labour, after deducting Ali’s hours, is charged at the incremental cost of Rs. 165 per
hour
N6) The cost of 10 unskilled laboour would have been incurred irrespective of the decision to undertake the project. The 0.5
relevant cost is therefore nil for 4,800 hours.
N7) The machine is currently being leased and it has spare capacity so it will either stand idle or to be used on this
project. The lease cost will be incurred regardless so the only relevant cost the incremental running cost of Rs. 0.5
1,500 per hour.
N8) General overheads are not relevant as they will be incurred irrespective of whether contract is taken or not. 0.5
N9) The relevant cost is best alternative use of yard. 0.5
N10) The cost of feasibility reports, plans and drawing is a sunk cost and therefore not relevant to the pricing decision. 0.5
N11) Profit is not relevant item for computation of minimum price 0.5
Req (b) – Use of minimum price
When quoting a minimum price for the current, relevant costing principles are being used. Only relevant costs i.e. those that change as
a direct result of the contract decision are included in the quoted cost. The minimum price will result in Faysal Builder making neither
a profit nor a loss. This is not a sustainable pricing policy in the longer term as it does not include a contribution to the fixed costs of
the organization. Relevant costing does not include a profit markup. This is not suitable for Faysal Builder in the longer term as the
company is planning to expand into different countries and investors will also require a return on their investment.
(6)
Answer No. 6:
Req (a) - Cost of each batch using Single FOH Absorption Rate
Less: Tax allowable Depreciation (W2) (1125) (844) (633) (475) (1423)
Less: Tax (Taxable profit x 35%) --- (256) (604) (635) (619) (312)
= Operating Cash Flows after tax 1857 2314 1844 1608 1695 (312)
= Net Cash Flows (Free Cash Flows) (4800) 1737 2183 1700 1452 2546 (312)
x Discount Factor @ 15% 1.00 0.870 0.756 0.658 0.572 0.497 0.432
Present Value (4800) 1511 1650 1119 831 1265 (135)
On pure financial grounds project is looking viable because it generates positive NPV of $ 1,441,000.