CLINICAL CHEMISTRY 3

CARDIOACTIVE DRUGS
Cardioactive Drug Function/s Administration and Distribution Excretion Toxic Effect/s Others
Mode of Action Absorption
Digoxin - Cardiac glycoside for GIT absorption is - 25% protein bound Renal filtration Nausea, vomiting, visual Peak serum level
treating CHF variable - Free form is disturbances, ventricular - 8hrs after an oral dose
- Inhibits membrane Na-K- sequestered in contractions, atrioventricular Half life
ATPase, thus decreases K+ muscle cells node blockage -38hrs (average adult)
+ +
and Mg , and increases Ca
Lidocaine - Used to correct ventricular Administered by Bound to albumin Hepatic metabolism CNS depression, seizure and
(Xylocaine) arrhythmia continuous IV and AAG (primary product is decreased BP and cardiac
- Used to prevent ventricular infusion monoethylglycinexylidide) output
fibrillation
Quinidine - Naturally occurring drug for - Administered orally 85% protein bound Hepatic metabolism Nausea, vomiting, abdominal Common formulations:
the treatment of - GIT absorption is discomfort, cardiovascular (1) Quinidine sulfate
arrhythmia complete and rapid toxicity (2) Quinidine gluconate
Peak serum level
- 2 hours after an oral dose (sulfate)
- 4-5 hours (gluconate)
Procainamide Used to treat cardiac -Common route is 20% protein bound Renal filtration Reversible lupus-like Peak serum level
(Pronestyl) arrhythmia oral Hepatic metabolism syndrome (ANA), nephritic - One hour after the dose
-GIT absorption is (metabolite is N-acetyl syndrome, urticaria
rapid and complete procainamide)
Disopyramide -Used to treat cardiac - Administered orally Binds to several Renal filtration Bradycardia and Has anticholinergic effects – dry
arrhythmia - GIT absorption is plasma proteins atrioventricular node mouth and constipation
-Used as a substitute for complete and rapid blockage
quinidine

Propanolol Used in the treatment of ----- ----- ----- Bradycardia, arterial -----
angina pectoris, insufficiency, pharyngitis
hypertension, coronary
artery disease
Amiodarone Used for treatment of ----- ----- ----- Bradycardia, hepatitis, Iodine-containing drug which can
(Cordarone) ventricular arrhythmia photodermatitis cause hyperthyroidism or
hypothyroidism
Verapamil For treatment of angina, ----- ----- ----- Hypotension, peripheral -----
hypertension, edema, ventricular fibrillation
supraventricular
arrhythmias
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY 3
CARDIOACTIVE DRUGS