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OF CASSINO AND SOUTHERN LAZIO
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Measurement for Industrial Automation Final Project on
Smart Thermostat
GUIDED BY: ‐
Prof. GIANFRANCO MIELE
SUBMITTED BY: ‐
MOHIT PATEL
AIM of The Project
Simulate a smart thermostat that must be able to:
1. Monitoring the temperature of a device;
2. Switch on a fan if the device temperature overcomes a threshold value that can be set by the user.
Introduction
Smart thermostats are thermostats that can be used with home automation and are responsible for
controlling a home's heating, ventilation, and air conditioning. They perform similar functions as a
Programmable thermostat as they allow the user to control the temperature of their home throughout the
day using a schedule, but also contain additional features, such as sensors and Wi‐Fi connectivity, that
improve upon the issues with programmable thermostats.
Blocks Used to Make Smart Thermostat Prototype
1. Ramp
2. Control Temperature Source
3. Temperature Sensor
4. Thermistor
5. Wheat Stone Bridge
6. Differential Amplifier
7. Voltage Sensors
8. Gain
9. Scopes
10. To Workspace Blocks
11. Voltage Controlled Switch
12. Solve Configuration
13. Eref
(Figure: Prototype of Smart Thermostat)
About Wheatstone Bridge and Its Working
WB is widely used to measure the electrical resistance. This circuit is built with two known resistors, one
unknown resistor and one variable resistor connected in the form of bridge. When the variable resistor is
adjusted, then the current in the galvanometer becomes zero, the ratio of two unknown resistors is equal to
the ratio of value of unknown resistance and adjusted value of variable resistance. By using a Wheatstone
Bridge the unknown electrical resistance value can easily measure.
Balanced bridge circuits are used in many electronic applications to measure changes in intensity of light,
strain or pressure. The different types of resistive sensors which can be used in a Wheatstone bridge circuit
include: potentiometers, LDR’s, strain gauges and thermistor’s, etc.
About Differential Amplifiers and Its Working
Differential amplifier amplifies the difference between two voltages, making this type of operational amplifier
circuit a sub tractor unlike a summing amplifier which adds or sums together the input voltages. These types
of operational amplifier circuits are commonly known as a differential amplifier. By connecting each input
intern to 0v ground we can use superposition to solve for the output voltage Vout. The equation of the Vout is
CASE 1:
𝑹𝟑 𝑹𝟒 𝑹𝟏 𝑹𝟑
𝑽𝒐𝒖𝒕 𝑽𝟏 𝑽𝟐
𝑹𝟏 𝑹𝟐 𝑹𝟒 𝑹𝟏
(In this equation R1=R2; and R3=R4 then by using this equation)
CASE 2:
𝑹𝟑
𝑽𝒐𝒖𝒕 ∗ 𝑽𝟐 𝑽𝟏
𝑹𝟏
(If all these resistors all of the if same ohmic values, that is R1=R2=R3. Then the circuit will become Unity gain
differential op amps.)
Step by Step Process of the Smart Thermostat Prototype in MATLAB
Ramp block which generates a signal that starts at a specified time and value and changes by a specified rate
has connected to Controlled Temperature Source (CTS) which represents an ideal energy source in a thermal
network that can maintain a controlled temperature difference regardless of the heat flow rate.
Terminal B of CTS has been connected to Terminal A of the Temperature Sensor while Terminal A of the CTS
has been connected with Terminal B of the Temperature Sensor.
Further CTS terminal B connected to Thermistor (with 1000‐ohm Nominal resistance R0 at reference temp T0,
Characteristic temperature constant B= 3539K, T0= 298.15K) which is connected to Wheatstone Bridge.
Also, Positive Supply Rail with 24V has attached to Wheatstone Bridge.
In Wheatstone bridge 3 resisters has connected in Series connection with 1000 Ohm Resistance each.
Voltage Sensor is attached to Wheat Stonebridge in order to check Voltage Output.
Further Wheatstone Bridge is connected with Differential Amplifier in which 2 Resistors with 1 kOhm
connected with 2 Resisters having 3 kOhm resistance each.
Differential Amplifier Connected to Voltage sensor to get the output of Op‐Amp Vout. I used negative constant
gain in order to get positive output.
After creating the repeating sequence Further Differential Amplifier is connected with the Voltage controlled Switch
(Voltage given is DC Voltage= 10V, AC Voltage Frequency= 60Hz) and Same is connected with the scope in order to
Watch At which temperature Voltage controlled Switch gets ON.
Results
1. When the temperature rises from 0 to 99.849 °C then Voltage Controlled Switch gets ON automatically
when the temperature reaches at 62 °C.
2. Voltage Output of the Wheatstone Bridge is 10.214 V while Voltage Output of the Differential Amplifier is
30.643 V.