Professional Documents
Culture Documents
LEARNING
Learning Module 2
Product Oriented Performance-Based Assessment
GUIDELINES IN USING THIS MODULE
Dear students,
Good day! I wish you all safe in the comfort in your own houses with people closest to your
hearts!
As you are well aware of our current public health crisis, we cannot afford to take chances and
have a face to face discussions of topics in our course Math 12 Plane and Solid Geometry. As such, please
allow me to navigate you to each part of the module.
What’s important? HONESTY is the best policy. There are answers presented at the end of the practice
sheets which will attempt to give rationalization to selected items and guide you in your reflection later.
DO NOT take a sneak peak of this part without completing first the practice items.
What’s important? DO NOT CHEAT. Do not attempt to complete this part without going through parts 1
to 4. Your outputs here are graded so do your best here!
What’s important? Since this is further practice, this is beyond what you should take in this course. This
will NOT take part in any examination/s or in your grade for this course.
In case you need to contact me, please use the lines below:
https://www.facebook.com/mikaelmichael.dodongan
mb.dodongan@usep.edu.ph
Part 1: Course Information and Module Direction
A. Module Overview
This module aims to introduce you to the development of rubrics for product-oriented
performance-based assessment. As such you are also given input on how to design tasks
for process-oriented performance-based assessment.
Important!
Before using this module, make sure you have read first the
readings on alternative assessment I have provided.
D. Deliverables
1. Task designs (including: Holistic and analytic rubric)
Teachers need effective ways to assess student performance. Assessment is defined as,
"Any method used to understand the current knowledge a student possesses; it can range from
a teacher's subjective judgment based on a single observation of a student's performance to a
state-mandated standardized test."
Rubrics can also provide school administrators with a more authentic form of assessment
when evaluating school-wide integration of technology, the impact of technology on student
learning, and when evaluating a teacher's ability to effectively integrate technology.
Administrators often develop a personal action plan for implementing technology integration at
their facility. Since administrators provide the leadership for the effective integration of
technology, their method of assessment needs to reflect that action plan.
http://ete.cet.edu/gcc/?/pbl_developing/ explains...
Active learning situations challenge teachers to determine grades in a way that
accurately reflects achievement and that is acceptable to students, parents, and colleagues.
Rubrics are guides for assigning scores to alternative assessment products. Rubrics are not a
form of assessment but are the criteria for making an assessment. Rubrics encourage clear
assessment targets and clear expectations. When a rubric is well defined, learners know
exactly what is expected of them and how they may achieve a top grade. Most learners want to
excel and will work hard if they believe there is an opportunity for success. They will exert
more effort and produce more work to meet clearly expressed expectations for success . [It
means that students are guided as to where to focus more and strategize to achieve their goals.]
Definition!
Rubrics are sets of criteria or scoring guides that describe levels of
performance or understanding. They provide students with expectations
about what will be assessed, standards that need to be met, and information
about where students are in relation to where they need to be.
(https://teaching.cornell.edu/teaching-resources/assessment-evaluation/using-
rubrics)
Important!
Both definitions highlight the importance of the ability of rubric to
communicate to students and teachers the expectations in each level thus it
should be made clear to both parties the difference between a good
performance and excellent performance. Thus, the key to an exemplary
rubric is the objectivity and clarity of its descriptors. This will be discussed
as you proceed through this module.
Developing a rubric is a dynamic process. As the goals of instruction become clearer to the
teacher, the ability to define ranges and levels of execution within the processes of the active
learning experience will make the development of a rubric easier. Some teachers may require a
"run-through" before they are ready to finalize a rubric. With unfamiliar content it's OK to
write a rubric after the fact and save it for future reference. Even after a rubric is used, it may
need modification.
WHY DO
WE
USE Rubrics help instructors:
?
RUBRICS Assess assignments consistently from student-to-student.
Save time in grading, both short-term and long-term.
Give timely, effective feedback and promote student
learning in a sustainable way.
Clarify expectations and components of an assignment for
both students and course teaching assistants (TAs).
Refine teaching methods by evaluating rubric results.
POTENTIAL PROBLEMS
in USING RUBRICS
rubrics should be designed to encourage productive
1
use by teachers and students. Each evaluative
criterion must represent a key attribute of the skill
Excessiv
being assessed. Each criterion must be teachable in
e detail
the sense that teachers can help students increase
their ability to use the criterion when tackling tasks
that require that skill.
2
TYPES OF RUBRICS
This requires teachers to focus on When to use this rubric?
1
one level or rating of performance
that best exemplifies the overall Use a holistic rubric when:
quality of performance or product. • You want a quick snapshot of
Holistic
They are most often used to provide achievement.
Rubric an overview of student work or • A single dimension is adequate
when it is difficult to break out to define quality.
individual components of an
assignment.
When to use this rubric?
2
Focuses on multiple aspects or Use an analytic rubric when:
components of performance and • You want to see relative strengths
include several different quality and weaknesses among component
Analytic indicators. Each is rated separately, tasks.
Rubric allowing teachers to help students • You want detailed feedback.
focus on all components of the • You want to assess complicated
product. skills or performance.
• You want students to self-assess
their understanding or performance.
This contains criteria that are When to use this rubric?
3
general across tasks. This type of
rubric allows the same Use a general rubric when:
General rubric to be used for multiple tasks, • You want to assess reasoning and
Rubrics but may lack skills applicable across tasks.
specificity. • All students are not doing exactly
the same task.
4
provide a reliable form of
assessment to measure performance Use a task-specific rubric when:
Task – on a specific task. The drawback of • You want to assess knowledge.
Specific task-specific rubrics, however, is • When consistency of scoring is
Rubrics that they are time-consuming to extremely important.
create, and it may be difficult to
develop rubrics for all specific
tasks.
HOW TO DEVELOP
RUBRICS FOR PRODUCTS
While there is no “recipe” for creating rubrics, it is important they meet the needs of the
students and teachers using them. Shellard and Protheroe remind us “the key to effective use of
rubrics is not simply their content. Instead, it is important that rubrics be well aligned with the
task, have meaning for students, and can be applied consistently”
In the most general sense, the development of rubrics begins with identifying exemplary
standards of performance for a particular lesson, activity, or assignment. Some teachers find it
helpful to first identify models or samples of high-quality work and to then analyze the
characteristics that make the sample “high quality.” Or a teacher might begin by identifying the
desired outcome and then developing a description of the student performance or product that
would demonstrate this achievement of this goal.
CONSIDERATIONS FOR
USING RUBRICS
Although it takes time to build a rubric, time will be saved in the long run as grading and
providing feedback on student work will become more streamlined.
A rubric can be a fillable pdf that can easily be emailed to students.
Rubrics are most often used to grade written assignments, but they have many other uses:
o They can be used for oral presentations.
o They are a great tool to evaluate teamwork and individual contribution to group tasks.
o Rubrics facilitate peer-review by setting evaluation standards. Have students use the
rubric to provide peer assessment on various drafts.
o Students can use them for self-assessment to improve personal performance and learning.
Encourage students to use the rubrics to assess their own work.
o Motivate students to improve their work by using rubric feedback to resubmit their work
incorporating the feedback.
Source: https://teaching.cornell.edu/teaching-resources/assessment-evaluation/using-rubrics
More over, Wiggins provides some general suggestions for the content of rubrics:
1 Consider the concept of validity. The rubric should measure what the
teacher has determined is important to know/understand/do.
Rubrics should use language for judgements that can make fine
Rubrics should use language (or descriptors) that students can use for
4 self-assessment or self-correction.
Activity
Choosing and Designing
Assessment Tasks
Introduction:
At the heart of designing or choosing assessment tasks for our unit is remembering that in
addition to promoting student learning, their purpose is to provide opportunities for students to
demonstrate how well they have achieved, or are progressing towards achieving the intended learning
outcomes of the unit.
Decisions about the sort of task to use, and the criteria to use to measure student achievement are
interrelated. Therefore, you may find that defining criteria to measure ILOs comes first, and task design
comes second, vice versa, or that the process is a cyclical one with each influencing and leading to
modifications of the other.
When choosing the best assessment task(s) for your unit, evaluate their suitability against the following
criteria (as outlined by Boud, 1998). These same criteria should be used to guide design or modification
decisions.
The task is authentic and set in a realistic context (i.e., oriented towards
1 the world external to the course itself)
They are worthwhile learning activities in their own right. (i.e., each
2 separate act of assessment can be credibly regarded as a worthwhile
contribution to learning)
The assessments permit a holistic rather than a fragmented approach
3
The tasks are not repetitive for either student or assessor - they should
work as a productive use of time for all those involved. (There are some
4 limited situations in which practice, which might appear to be repetitive,
can be justified.)
The assessment prompts student self-assessment. (i.e., the range of
assessment tasks leaves students better equipped to engage in their own
5 self assessment now and in the future. They shift the emphasis from
students looking to teaching staff for judgements to looking to themselves
and the nature of the task.)
The tasks are sufficiently flexible for students to tailor them to their own
6 needs and interests
The assessment is not likely to be interpreted by students in a way
7 fundamentally different to that of the designer
The task does not make assumptions about the subject matter or the
learner which are differentially perceived by different groups of
8 students, and which are irrelevant to the task (e.g., use of unnecessarily
gender-specific examples, assumptions about characteristics, references
relevant to upbringing in a particular country or state).
Question Examples
What important cognitive skills or attributes do I Communities effectively in writing, employ
want my students to develop? algebra to solve real-life problems.
What social and affective skills or attributed I Work independently, appreciate individual
want my students to develop? differences
What metacognitive skills do I want my Reflect on the writing process, self-monitor
students to develop? progress while working on an independent
project.
What types of problems do I want my Perform research, predict consequences
students to be able to solve?
What concepts and principles do I want my Understand cause-and-effect relationships,
students to be able to apply? use principles of ecology and conservation.
Usually the learning objectives start with a general competency which is the main target of the
tasks, and it follows with specific competencies which are observable on the target behavior or
competencies. However, in this module, we will start with performance standards which are explicitly
stated in the curriculum guide which the general competency is anchored to. If most or all of the evidence
about their achievement of the learning targets is found in the product itself, and little of none of the
evidence you need to evaluate is found in the procedures they use or the ways in which they perform.
Assessment of products must be done if the students will produce a variety of better ways to
produce high quality products, sometimes, method or sequence does not make much difference as long as
the product is the focus of the assessment.
1. Building a garden
2. Conducting classroom-based researches
3. Publishing newspaper
4. Creating commercials or power-point presentation
Performance needs to be identified so that students may know what tasks and criteria to be performed. In
this case, a task description must be prepared to provide the listing of specification of the tasks and will
elicit the desired performance of the students. Task description should be included the following:
1
To make the task be meaningful and let students personally involve in its completion, you should:
2
1. Choose a task that has personal meaning for most of the students (if they can choose the
context, better)
2. Select a task that students have the ability to demonstrate the knowledge and skills.
3. Select a high-valued tasks which means it is worth teaching to and learning with.
3
performance both the content and
the skills that are central to
important learning outcomes.
4 for students to be able to
understand the task and what is
expected.
There are different useful ways to respond the assessment of students’ performance variety of
tools can be used for assessment depending on the nature of the performance it calls for. As teachers, you
need to critically examine the task to be performed MATCHED with the assessment tools to be utilized.
Some ways of assessing the students’ performance could be the utilization of anecdotal records,
interviews, direct observations using checklist or likert scale and the use of rubrics especially for the
performance-based assessment.
Note: The discussion about rubrics is done above. Sample of rubrics are attached as appendices.
Development of a Rubric
Note:
At this point of the module, you should already have completed the stage 1 and stage 2 of task
designing otherwise, DO NOT go beyond this box!
Quality
Creativity
Comprehensiveness
Accuracy
Aesthetics
From the major criteria, the next task is to identify substatements that would make the major criteria
more focused and objective. For instance, if we were scoring an essay on: “Three hundred Years of
Spanish Rule in the Philippines”, the major criterion “Quality” may possess the following substatements:
Important!
While you list the criteria to be included in the rubric, you might think that one criteria is
“heavier” or more important than the other. It is always allowed to assign “weight” to each
criteria by adding one column after the criteria and indicate its weight.
Stop over!
At this point, you may start listing the criteria of the product that you want to assess in your
task design. Use the template suggested in this module. See the annexes.
Step 2: Determining the scale or levels of performance
The scale described how well or poorly any given task has been performed and determine
to what degree the student has met a certain criterion. Generally, it is used to describe the level of
performance.
But how many levels of performance should you include in your rubric?
There is no specific number of levels a rubric should or should not possess. It will vary
depending on the task and your needs. A rubric can have as few as two levels of performance or
as many as you decide is APPROPRIATE.
Generally, it is better to start with a smaller number of levels of performance for a
criterion and then expand if necessary, for the purpose of describing performances which do no
fall in either levels. This will make distinctions in students’ performance across two or three
broad categories. As the number of levels increases and those judgments become finer and finer,
the likelihood of error increases.
Thus start small. For example, in an oral presentation rubric, amount of eye contact might
be an important criterion. Performance on that criterion could be judged along three levels of
performance.
Although these three levels may not capture all the variations in student performance on
the criterion BUT, it may be sufficient discrimination for your purpose, at least. However, if
upon reflecting from this rubric, you think that you cannot EFFECTIVELY DISCRIMINATE
among student performances with just three levels of performance. Perhaps, in your view, there
are students whose eye contact is not maintained throughout the performance but is frequently
done than “sometimes” or there are students whose eye contact is fewer than “sometimes”, you
can add more levels such as:
Stop over!
At this point, describe the levels of performance in each criterion in your rubric. Use the
template suggested in this module. See the annexes.
Rating a Performance
As final stage in performance – based assessment, the following must be keep in mind:
Reflection:
1. Which aspect of task designing you find it difficulty to accomplish? How do you cope
with this?
2. Which part of task designing do you think is most important? Why?
Final Deliverable
1. Using the template “Task Design” collate your outputs in the stop overs and organize
them into task design! Evaluate your task design using the metrics below.
2. Answer the following questions comprehensively.
Part 1: Check the appropriate column based on the task design you developed.
Question YES NO
Are essential content and skills targets integrated?
Are multiple targets included?
Is the task authentic?
Is the task feasible?
Is the task teachable?
Are multiple solutions and paths possible?
Is the nature of the task clear?
Are criteria for scoring included?
Is the task challenging and stimulating?
Are constraints for completing the task included?
Question RESPONSE
What ranges of tasks do the learning targets
imply?
Challenging Task:
1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b4shMaSel00
2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vfRP9HGVHGo
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yW7ibkMgz0c
4. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KWayNIvuxMc
5. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yYcGO1Izs-U
6. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IUsjUtdaj3E
7. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cf-BT_7vO4U
My Product-Oriented Performance-Based Task Design
Preliminaries
Name of the Teacher:
Subject:
Duration:
Grading Period:
Stage 1 – Defining the Purpose of Assessment
Performance Standards:
General Competencies:
Lesson Objectives: