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UDC 624( 083.75) SABS 1200 0-1988

(As amended 1990)
SOUTH AFRICAN BUREAU OF STANDARDS
STANDARDIZED SPECIFICATION
for

CIVIL ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION

D : EARTHWORKS

Approved by the Obtainable from the

CO\JNCIL OF THE SA BUREAU OF STANDARDS
SOUTH AFRICAN P r i v a t e Bag X191
BUREAU OF STANDARDS Pretorla
on 8 June 1988 0001 Republic o f South A f r i c a

Telegrams : Comparator, P r e t o r i a
Telex : 321308SA
Fax : 3441560

Published and p r i n t e d i n the Republic o f South A f r i c a by t h e

South A f r i c a n Bureau o f Standards
ISBN 0-626-08060-6 Gr 11
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3 SABS 1200 D-1988

Earthworks
CONTENTS
Page number
C1 ause
1. SCOPE .............................................................. 5
2. INTERPRETATIONS .................................................... 5
2.1 Supporting Specifications .......................................... 5
2.2 Application ........................................................ 5
2.3 D e f i n i t i o n s ........................................................ 5
3. MATERIALS .......................................................... 5
3.1 .............................
C l a s s i f i c a t i o n f o r Excavation Purposes 5
3.1.1 ..............................................
Method o f c l a s s l f y l n g 5
3.1.2 Classes o f excavation .............................................. 6
3.2 ................................
C l a s s i f i c a t i o n f o r Placing Purposes 6
3.2.1 Material s u i t a b l e f o r embankments and terraces ..................... 6
3.2.2 Material s u i t a b l e f o r replacing overbreak I n excavations f o r
foundations ....................................................... 7
3.2.3
3.3 Selection ..........................................................
......
Material s u i t a b l e f o r b a c k f l l l o r f o r f i l l against s t r u c t u r e s 7
7
3.3.1 General ............................................................ 7
3.3.2 ........................................
B a c k f i l l l r r g and embankments 7
4. PLANT .............................................................. 7
4.1 General ............................................................ 7
4.2 Compaction P l a n t ................................................... 7
4.3 Transport .......................................................... 7
4.4 Detectors .......................................................... 7

5. CONSTRUCTION ....................................................... 7
5.1 Precautlons ........................................................ 7
5.1.1 Safety ............................................................. 7
5.1.2 E x i s t l n services .................................................. 8
5.1.3 Stormwa!er and groundwater ......................................... 9
5.1.4 Nuisance ........................................................... 9
5.1.5 Reinstatement and maintenance o f roads ............................. 9
5.1.6 Road t r a f f l c control ............................................... 9
5.2 Methods and Procedures ............................................. 9
5.2.1 S I t e preparation ................................................... 9
5.2.2 Excavation ......................................................... 10
5.2.3 P l a c l n and compaction ............................................. 10
5.2.4 F in i sh! n .......................................................... 11
5.2.5 Transpor! f o r earthworks ........................................... 11
6. TOLERANCES ......................................................... 11
6.1 Position. Dimensions. Levels. e t c.................................. 11
6.2 Moisture Content and Density ....................................... 12
7 . TESTING ............................................................ 12
7.1 Exploratory Holes .................................................. 12
7.2 Takin and Testing o f Samples ...................................... 13
7.3 Matereal o r Conpaction Standard n o t t o S p e c i f i c a t i o n ............... 13
8. MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT ............................................ 13
8.1 Basic P r i n c i p l e s................................................... 13
8.2 Computation o f Quantities .......................................... 13
8.3 Scheduled Items .................................................... 14

DRAW I NGS
Drawing D-1 Classes o f Excavation : Measurement and Payment .................... 17
Drawing 0-2 Bulk and Restricted Excavation Measurement ......................... 18
APPENDIX A . APPLICABLE STANDARDS ............................................... 19

I I

Second Revision June 1988

Incorporating Amendment No . 1 : 23 August 1990
This s p e c i f i c a t i o n supersedes
SABS 1200 D-1982
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5 SABS 1200 D-1988

Earthworks

SOUTH AFRICAN BUREAU OF STANDARDS

STANDARDIZED SPECIFICATION

for

CIVIL ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION

D : EARTHWORKS

1. SCOPE
1.1 This s p e c i f i c a t i o n covers earthworks c a r r i e d o u t w i t h heavy p l a n t o r l i g h t p l a n t ,
o r by hand, f o r general excavations, s h o r t .trenches, t e r r a c i n g and landscaping. I t
covers t h e requirements f o r siteworks, excavations f o r foundations f o r bridges,
b u i l d i n g s and general s t r u c t u r e s . I t d e a l s w i t h s a f e t y precautions, c l a s s i f i c a t i o n
o f materials, excavation, f i l l i n g , compaction and f i n i s h i n g .
NOTE: The standards r e f e r r e d t o i n t h e s p e c i f i c a t i o n are l i s t e d i n Appendix A.

2. INTERPRETATIONS
2.1 SUPPORTING SPECIFICATIONS
2.1 - 1 Where t h i s s p e c i f i c a t i o n i s r e q u i r e d f o r a p r o j e c t , t h e f o l l o w i n g s p e c i f i c a t i o n s
s h a l l , inter a l i a , form p a r t o f t h e c o n t r a c t document:
a) P r o j e c t s p e c i f i c a t i o n ;
b ) SABS 1200 A o r SABS 1200 AA, as a p p l i c a b l e .
2.1.2 I n a d d i t i o n t o the s p e c i f i c a t i o n s r e f e r r e d t o i n 2.1.1, t h e f o l l o w i n g s p e c i f i c a -
t i o n s may be r e q u i r e d f o r t h e p r o j e c t :
a) SABS 1200 C;
b ) SABS 1200 DB;
c ) SABS 1200 DK.
NOTE: Items 2.1.1(b) and 2.1.2(a)-(c) above may o r may n o t be bound i n t h e
document.

2.2 APPLICATION. T h i s s p e c i f i c a t i o n c o n t a i n s c l a u s e s t h a t a r e g e n e r a l l y a p p l i c a b l e t o
earthworks. I n t e r p r e t a t i o n s and v a r i a t i o n s o f t h i s s p e c i f i c a t i o n are s e t out: i n
P o r t i o n 2 o f t h e p r o j e c t s p e c i f i c a t i o n (see 2.1.1).

2.3. DEFINITIONS. For t h e purposes o f t h i s s p e c i f i c a t i o n t h e d e f i n i t i o n s and abbre-

v i a t i o n s given i n SABS 1200 A o r SABS 1200 AA (as a p p l i c a b l e ) and t h e f o l l o w i n g
d e f i n i t i o n s s h a l l apply:
Average haul. The average d i s t a n c e t h a t m a t e r i a l i s t r a n s p o r t e d v i a t h e designated
o r shortest Dracticable route.
B a c k f i l l . Approved m a t e r i a l placed i n an e x c a v a t i o n a f t e r s p e c i f i e d o p e r a t i o n s have
been performed.
Borrow. M a t e r i a l o b t a i n e d f r o m v a r i o u s sources such as borrow p i t s and approved o r
ordered widening o f excavations.
Borrow p i t . An excavation made f o r t h e procurement o f m a t e r i a l .
Catchwater d r a i n . An open d r a i n o r mound intended t o i n t e r c e p t water and t o l e a d i t
t o s u i t a b l e discharge p o i n t s .
Freehaul. Haul o f which t h e c o s t i s i n c l u d e d i n t h e scheduled r a t e f o r t h e m a t e r i a l
hauled and t h a t i s n o t measured s e p a r a t e l y (see 5.2.5.1 and 8.3.6).
Overbreak. Excavation c a r r i e d o u t i n excess o f t h e t h e o r e t i c a l o r d i r e c t e d p r o f i l e .
Overhaul. Haul i n excess o f freehaul and measured s e p a r a t e l y (see 5.2.5.2 and
'
a.3
.6)
.
Pass. I n regard t o compacting, a movement of an approved compacting machine from
=end o f t h e l a y e r being compacted t o t h e o t h e r end.
R e s t r i c t e d excavation. An excavation so r e s t r i c t e d i n area o r w i d t h as t o p r e c l u d e
removal o f m a t e r i a l by a b u l l d o z e r .
S p e c i f i e d d e n s i t y . The r a t i o o f f i e l d d e n s i t y t o laboratory-determined m o d i f i e d
AASHTO maximum d e n s i t y .
S p o i l . Unsuitable o r excess m a t e r i a l removed ( o r intended t o be removed) t o waste.
S t o c k p i l e . A p i l e of m a t e r i a l t h a t has been selected, loaded, t r a n s p o r t e d and
unloaded i n a heap o u t s i d e t h e c o n f i n e s of a borrow p i t o r o f an excavation t h a t
forms p a r t o f t h e Works.

3. MATERIALS
3.1 CLASSIFICATION FOR EXCAVATION PURPOSES
3.1.1 Method o f C l a s s i f y i n g . The C o n t r a c t o r may use any method he chooses t o excavate any
c l a s s o f m a t e r i a l b u t h i s chosen method o f e x c a v a t i o n s h a l l n o t determine t h e
c l a s s i f i c a t i o n o f t h e excavation. The Engineer w i l l decide on t h e c l a s s i f i c a t i o n o f
t h e m a t e r i a l s . The c l a s s i f i c a t i o n w i l l be based on i n s p e c t i o n o f t h e m a t e r i a l t o be
excavated and on t h e c r i t e r i a g i v e n i n 3.1.2(a)-(e), as a p p l i c a b l e . A l l equipment
s p e c i f i e d i n 3.1.2(a)-(C) s h a l l be i n good mechanical c o n d i t i o n . " E f f i c i e n t l y " as
used i n 3.1.2(a)-(c) s h a l l be taken t o mean " i n a manner t h a t can reasonably be
expected o f a c o n t r a c t o r , having regard t o t h e p r o d u c t i o n achieved".
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SABS 1200 D-1988 6

Earthworks

In the event of disagreement between the Contractor and the Engineer, it shall be
the responsibility of the Contractor, if so required and sllbject to the terms of
4.1, to make available at his own expense such mechanical equipment as is specified
in 3.1.2(a)-(c), in order to assess the reasonable removability or otherwise of the
material. The Engineer's decision on the classification shell then, subject to the
relevant provisions of the contract, be final and binding.
3.1.2 Classes of Excavation (see Drawing D-1). The excavation of material will be
classified as follows for purposes of measurement and payment:
a Soft excavation
11 Soft excavation, other than in restricted excavation, shall be excavation in
material that can be efficiently removed or loaded, without prior ripping, . by. any
o f the following plant:
i ) a bulldozer of mass (including mass of ripper if fitted) approximately 22 t and
flywheel power approximately 145 kW, or
i i ) a tractor-scraper unit of total mass approximately 28 t and flywheel power
approximately 245 kW, pushed during loading by a bulldozer equivalent to that spe-
cified in (b)(l) below, or
i i i ) a track type front-erid loader of mass approximately 22 t and flywheel power
approximately 145 kW -
2) In the case of restricted excavation, soft excavation shall be excavation in
material that can be efficiently removed by a back-acting excavator of flywheel
ately 0,lO kW per millimetre of tined-bucket width, without the use
001s such as paving breakers.
b) Intermediate excavation
1 ) Intermediate excavation, other than in restricted excavation, shall be excava-
tion (excluding soft excavation) in material that can be efficiently ripped by a
bulldozer of mass approximately 35 t, fitted with a single-tine ripper suitable for
heavy ripping, and of flywheel power approximately 220 kW .
2) In the case of restricted excavation, intermediate excavation shall be excava-
tion (excluding soft excavation) in material that requires a back-acting excavator
of flywheel power exceeding 0,lO kW per millimetre of tined-bucket width or the use
of pneumatic tools before removal by equipment equivalent to that specified in
(a)(2) above.
c) Hard rock excavation
1) Hard rock excavation, other than in restricted excavation, shall be excavation
(excluding boulder excavation) in material that cannot, before removal, be effi-
ciently ripped by a bulldozer equivalent to that specified in (b)(l) above.
NOTE: Such excavation generally includes material such as formations of unweathered
rock that can be re oved only after blasting.
2) In the case of r stricted excavation, hard rock excavation shall be excavation
aterial (excluding boulder excavation) that cannot be efficiently removed
without blasting or without wedging and splitting.
d ) Boulder excavation Class A. Boulder excavation Class A shall be excavation in
material containing more than 40 % by volume of boulders of size in the range
0,03-20 m3, in a matrix of soft material or smaller boulders.
Excavation in doiomite formations other than solid dolomite will be classed as
boulder excavation Class A if the formation contains more than 40 % by volume of
lumps of hard dolomite of size in the range 0,03-20 m3, in a matrix of soft
material or smaller lumps of hard dolomite.
Excavation of solid boulders or lumps of size exceeding 20 ms will be classed as
hard rock excavat ion.
Excavation of fissured or fractured rock will not be classed as boulder excavation
but as hard rock or intermediate excavation, according to the nature of the
material.
e) Boulder excavation Class B. Boulder excavation Class B shall be excavation of
boulders only, which
I ) are in a material containing 40 % or less by volume of boulders of size in the
range Qf 0,03-20 m5, in a matrix of soft material or smaller boulders, and which
2 ) require individual drilling and blasting in order to be loaded by a track type
front-end loader or back-acting excavator, as the case may be, as specified in
(a)(l) or (a)(2) above.
The excavation of the rest of the material will be classed as soft or intermediate
excavation, according to the nature of the material.
3.2 CLASSIFICATION FOR PLACING PURPOSES
3.2.1 Material Suitable for Embankments and Terraces. The following materials are, in
general, suitable for embankments and terraces:
a) Material having a CBR of at least 3 % at the minimum specified density
(Compacted at OMC) and a PI not exceeding 18;
b) hard or rock material having a maximum dimension of 300 mm;
c) both clay or clayey material of liquid limit exceeding 40 or PI exceeding 18 (or
both), and rock or boulders having a maximum diQenSiOn greater than 300 mm, pro-
vided that they
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7 SABS 1200 0-1988
Earthworks
Amendment No. 1 : 23 August 1990

1) a r e n o t p l a c e d a g a i n s t s t r u c t u r e s , and
2 ) a r e p l a c e d i n predetermined q u a n t i t i e s and i n s p e c i f i e d p a r t s of t h e f i l l , as
directed.
3.2.2 M a t e r i a l S u i t a b l e f o r Replacing Overbreak i n Excavations f o r Foundations. Where, i n
excavations f o r Toundations, replacement o f overbreak with b a c k f i l l i s authorized,
t h e b a c k f i l l s h a l l be caDable o f s u f f i c i e n t comDaction t o a v o i d settlement and
capable o f placement w i t h o u t s i g n i f i c a n t voids.' The b a c k f i l l s h a l l n o t c o n t a i n
appreciable q u a n t i t i e s o f organic matter o r stones of average dimension exceeding
t h e l e s s e r o f 150 mm o r t w o - t h i r d s o f t h e thickness o f t h e l a y e r being compacted.
I n a d d i t i o n , t h e b a c k f i l l s h a l l be approved graded m a t e r i a l having a P I n o t
exceeding 10 and a CBR o f a t l e a s t 10 % a t t h e minimum s p e c i f i e d d e n s i t y compacted
a t OMC.
3.2.3 M a t e r i a l S u i t a b l e f o r B a c k f i l l o r f o r F i l l a g a i n s t Structures. Unless a p a r t i c u l a r
m a t e r i a l i s s p e c i f i e d i n t h e p r o j e c t s p e c i f i c a t i o n f o r t h e r e l e v a n t zone shown on
t h e drawings o r s p e c i f i e d i n t h e p r o j e c t s p e c i f i c a t i o n f o r use against s t r u c t u r e s ,
t h e m a t e r i a l p l a c e d as b a c k f i l l o r as f i l l w i t h i n 500 mm o f s t r u c t u r e s s h a l l comply
w i t h 3.2.1 except t h a t i t s h a l l n o t c o n t a i n more than 10 % rock o r hard fragments
r e t a i n e d on a s i e v e o f nominal aperture s i z e 50 mm .

3.3 SELECTION
3.3.1 General. Where t h e p r e s e r v a t i o n o f t o p s o i l i s r e q u i r e d f o r l a t e r use on t h e S i t e ,
€ i i C E i t r a c t o r s h a l l s e l e c t and s t o c k p i l e such topsoi 1 .
The Contractor need n o t deal s e l e c t i v e l y w i t h m a t e r i a l s from general excavation
unless he i s expressly r e q u i r e d t o do so i n terms o f t h e p r o j e c t s p e c i f i c a t i o n o r
any o t h e r earthworks S D e c i f i c a t i o n t h a t forms p a r t o f t h e c o n t r a c t .
3.3.2 and Embankments. S u f f i c i e n t m a t e r i a l a r i s i n g from excavations f o r
f o o t i n g s and t h e l i k e , and t h a t i s s u i t a b l e f o r b a c k f i l l i n g o r f o r
f i l l i n g a g a i n s t t h e f i n i s h e d s t r u c t u r e s , s h a l l be s t o c k p i l e d i n t h e v i c i n i t y o f t h e
structures.
A l l o t h e r m a t e r i a l from excavations s h a l l be disposed o f on t h e S i t e o r w i t h i n the
freehaul d i s t a n c e as d i r e c t e d and i n such a manner t h a t t h e Contractor can ensure
t h a t m a t e r i a l i s placed i n t h e c o r r e c t p o s i t i o n i n embankments (see 5.2.3.1). Any
m a t e r i a l t h a t i s below t h e f i n i s h e d l e v e l o f an excavation and t h a t t h e Engineer
considers t o b e unsuitable, s h a l l be excavated and disposed o f as d i r e c t e d . The
r e s u l t a n t space s h a l l be r e f i l l e d w i t h b a c k f i l l and compacted as s p e c i f i e d .

4. PLANT
4.1 GENERAL. P l a n t s h a l l be s u i t a b l e f o r t h e p r o d u c t i o n o f t h e end r e s u l t r e q u i r e d
under t h e c o n d i t i o n s a p p l i c a b l e t o t h e S i t e .
Although, f o r t h e purpose of c l a s s i f y i n g excavations, p a r t i c u l a r items o f p l a n t a r e
s p e c i f i e d i n 3.1, t h e Contractor i s n o t o b l i g e d t o p r o v i d e o r use those s p e c i f i e d
items o f p l a n t f o r c a r r y i n g o u t t h e work. However, should those s p e c i f i e d items not
be f r e e l y a v a i l a b l e i n good working order on t h e S i t e , t h e Engineer s h a l l be
e n t i t l e d t o decide t h e c l a s s i f i c a t i o n o f m a t e r i a l s and types o f excavation on t h e
b a s i s o f t h e good-working-order-performance o f t h e items o f p l a n t p r o v i d e d by t h e
Contractor, p r o r a t a t o t h e t h e o r e t i c a l performance o f t h e items s p e c i f i e d (see
3.1.1).

4.2 COMPACTION PLANT. The p l a n t used f o r applying t h e dynamic load, c o n t r o l l i n g t h e

moisture content, and grading o r mixing, s h a l l be capable o f achieving t h e compac-
t i o n s p e c i f i e d w i t h t h e m a t e r i a l s a v a i l a b l e f o r t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n o f t h e Works.

4.3 TRANSPORT. Each v e h i c l e and i t e m o f p l a n t p r o v i d e d by t h e Contractor f o r t h e move-

ment o f m a t e r i a l s s h a l l conform t o t h e requirements o f t h e a p p l i c a b l e road t r a f f i c
ordinance i f t h e v e h i c l e o r i t e m o f p l a n t i s r e q u i r e d t o operate over any p u b l i c
highway, road o r s t r e e t o r over any p r i v a t e road o r p a r k i n g area t h a t has been
s u r f aced.
Where any o f t h e C o n t r a c t o r ' s operations o r t h e movement o f any o f t h e C o n t r a c t o r ' s
vehicles o r mobile p l a n t , o r any combination o f such a c t i v i t i e s , causes damage t o
t h e surface o f any area normally open t o t h e p u b l i c , t h e Contractor s h a l l r e p a i r
such surface as a matter o f urgency. and a t h i s own expense.

4.4 DETECTORS. Where so r e q u i r e d i n terms o f 5.1.2.2 o r o f t h e schedule, t h e Contractor

s h a l l p r o v i d e and use equipment t h a t i s s u i t a b l e f o r t h e l o c a t i o n o f underground
s e r v i c e p i p e s and cables.
5. CONSTRUCTION
5.1
5.1.1
5.1.1.1 y
PRECAUTIONS

an
7.
ccupa iona
,
sgfh t i ng . I n terms o f t h e a p p l i c a b l e r e g u l a t i o n o f t h e Machinery
a r r i c a d i n and li
a e y Act, 1983 (Act 6 o f 1983), every excavation t h a t i s
accessible t o t h e p u b l i c o r t h a t i s adjacent t o a p u b l i c road o r thoroughfare o r by
which t h e s a f e t y o f persons may be endangered, s h a l l be
a) adequately p r o t e c t e d by a b a r r i e r o r fence o f h e i g h t a t l e a s t 1 000 mm and as
c l o s e t o t h e excavation as p r a c t i c a b l e ; and I
b ) provided w i t h r e d warning l i g h t s a t n i g h t .
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SABS 1200 D-1988 8
Earthworks

The Contractor s h a l l employ watchmen t o ensure t h a t b a r r i c a d e s and l i g h t s a r e

e f f e c t i v e a t a1 1 times.
5.1.1.2 Safeguardin o f excavations
T T h d r o r h i s agent o r r e p r e s e n t a t i v e appointed i n w r i t i n g s h a l l be
deemed t o be and s h a l l be b o t h t h e "excavator" and "a person competent t o i n s p e c t
bracing and shoring" as d e f i n e d and r e q u i r e d i n terms of t h e Machinery and Occupa-
t i o n a l Safety Act.
b ) Should t h e depth o f an excavation o r t h e n a t u r e o f t h e m a t e r i a l excavated render
the sides o f t h e excavation l i a b l e t o movement t h a t might endanger t h e Works o r t h e
workmen engaged on t h e excavation,
1) t h e sides o f t h e excavation shal I be supported by s u i t a b l e timber o r o t h e r
sheeting adequately s t r u t t e d and braced, a1 1 being p r o p e r l y assembled and having
s u f f i c i e n t s t r e n g t h and s t i f f n e s s t o prevent movement i n t h e m a t e r i a l s supported,
or
2) a l t e r n a t i v e l y , t h e Contractor may, s u b j e c t t o t h e approval o f t h e Engineer, so
reduce t h e slope o f t h e excavated f a c e o r faces t h a t any danger t o t h e Works o r t h e
sald workmen i s removed.
c ) The Contractor s h a l l make good any f a l l o f rock o r e a r t h due t o r a i n , f l o o d i n g ,
i n s u f f u c i e n t t i m b e r i n g o r o t h e r cause, and s h a l l f i l l i n a t h i s own expense any
c a v i t i e s so formed as d i r e c t e d o r u s i n g approved means.
d) Without r e l i e v i n g t h e Contractor i n any way o f h i s r e s p o n s i b i l i t y , t h e Engineer
may o r d e r a d d i t i o n a l l a t e r a l support f o r , o r t h e s l o p i n g o r r e d u c t i o n o f t h e slope
o f , t h e sides o f any excavation.
e) During t h e progress o f each excavation, t h e Contractor s h a l l r e p o r t t o t h e
Engineer t h e presence o f bedding planes i n c l i n e d towards; t h e excavation, seepage
water and any o t h e r f e a t u r e t h a t may a f f e c t t h e s t a b i l i t y o f t h e excavation, as
soon as t h e presence o f such f e a t u r e o r f e a t u r e s i s known.
f ) A l l t i m b e r i n g and sheeting s h a l l be removed from t h e excavation b e f o r e t h e
completion o f t h e work, unless t h e w r i t t e n permission o f t h e Engineer a l l o w i n g any
p o r t i o n t o remain i s obtained.
5.1.1.3 Ex l o s i v e s . Should b l a s t i n g be necessary, t h e Contractor s h a l l t a k e every p r e -
--%
cau i G 3 p r o t e c t t h e Works and persons, animals and p r o p e r t y i n t h e v i c i n i t y o f
the S i t e . The Contractor w i l l be h e l d responsible f o r any i n j u r y o r damage caused
by any b l a s t i n g operations and s h a l l , a t h i s own expense, make good such damage.
The t r a n s p o r t a t i o n , storage and use o f explosives s h a l l comply w l t h t h e r e q u i r e -
ments o f t h e Explosives Act, 1956 (Act 26 o f 1956), o r with Chapter 9 o f t h e regu-
l a t i o n s published i n terms o f t h e Mines and Works Act, 1956 ( A c t 27 o f 1956), as
applicable. A copy o f each b l a s t i n g p e r m i t i s s u e d t o workmen, and o f each p e r m i t
issued t o t h e Contractor t o cover t h e purchase, storage and t r a n s p o r t a t i o n o f
explosives, s h a l l be handed t o t h e Engineer. The Contractor s h a l l g r a n t t h e
Engineer access t o a l l records maintained f o r t h e I n s p e c t o r o f Explosives o r t h e
Government Mining Engineer, as t h e case may be.
When b l a s t i n g t o s p e c i f i e d p r o f i l e s , t h e Contractor s h a l l so arrange t h e h o l e s and
charges t h a t t h e r e s u l t i n g exposed surfaces a r e as sound as t h e n a t u r e o f t h e
m a t e r i a l permits. The Contractor s h a l l make good a t h i s own expense any a d d i t i o n a l
excavation necessitated by t h e s h a t t e r i n g o f rock i n excess o f any overbreak
allowance s p e c i f i e d i n t h e p r o j e c t s p e c i f i c a t i o n o r i n any o t h e r earthworks speci-
f i c a t i o n o r g i v e n on a drawing.

5.1.2 Exi s t i n S e r v i L E
5.1.2.1 G G G K h p r o v i s i o n s o f Subclause 5.4 o f SABS 1200 A o r o f Subclause 5.2 o f
sAESs7700 A A . as r e l e v a n t . s h a l l a* m . l"v i n a d d i t i o n t o t h e reauirements o f
5.1.2.2-5.1.2.4 below.
5.1.2.2 -
Detection, l o c a t i o n and ex osure. (The drawin s show t h e p o s i t i o n o f e x i s t i n g ser-
vices based on t h e b e s t in!ormF&ion available!. The C o n t r a c t o r s h a l l v e r i f y t h e
p o s i t i o n o f a l l services and a l l o t h e r obstacles and e x i s t i n g works on t h e S i t e .
Manholes, v a l v e boxes and t h e l i k e w i l l be regarded as known services. Before com-
mencing c o n s t r u c t i o n i n any p a r t i c u l a r area, t h e Contractor s h a l l v e r i f y t h e p o s i -
t i o n s o f services and r e p o r t t o t h e Engineer any t h a t a r e missing.
Where any underground services a r e shown on t h e drawings, t h e Contractor s h a l l have
the equipment r e f e r r e d t o i n 4 . 4 a v a i l a b l e on t h e S i t e f o r as long as i s necessary
t o d e t e c t and l o c a t e such services and, i f so ordered, he s h a l l excavate by hand t o
expose such services i n areas and i n a manner and a t a t i m e agreed upon w i t h t h e
Engineer (see 8.3.8.1).
5.1.2.3 -P r o t e c t i o n o f cables. The Contractor s h a l l advise t h e Engineer a t l e a s t 7 d i n
advance of'Tfi-1 d a t e on which he proposes t o excavate near any cable. He
s h a l l n o t use mechanical equipment t o excavate w i t h i n 3 m o f t h e estimated p o s i t i o n
o f any cable and s h a l l , i f necessary, expose t h e cable by means o f hand excavation
c a r r i e d o u t under proper supervision. When so i n s t r u c t e d , t h e Contractor s h a l l
b a c k f i l l such cable trenches w i t h approved m a t e r i a l t o t h e compaction d e n s i t y
ordered.
5.1.2.4 Ne li ence. Where a s e r v i c e i s damaged because o f t h e C o n t r a c t o r ' s negligence, t h e
+F
pena y payable by t h e Contractor s h a l l be as s p e c i f i e d i n t h e p r o j e c t s p e c i f i c a -
t i o n and he s h a l l make good such damage o r bear t h e c o s t o f t h e r e p a i r s , as
specified.
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9 SABS 1200 0-1988

Earthworks

5.1.3 Stormwater and Groundwater. The C o n t r a c t o r ' s r e s p o n s i b i l i t y i n terms o f Sub-

c l a u s e 5.5 of SABS 1200 A or Subclause 5.3 o f SABS 1200 AA, as r e l e v a n t ( r e l a t i n g
t o w a t e r o n t h e S i t e ) , w i l l b e h e l d t o i n c l u d e t h e p r o v i s i o n o f adequate p r o t e c t i o n
a g a i n s t f l o o d i n g and damage by stormwater, f l o w f r o m s p r i n g s , and seepage, and t o
i n c l u d e p r o v i s i o n f o r t h e r e p a i r , a t h i s expense, o f any damage t o t h e Works t h a t
may a r i s e as a r e s u l t o f t h e inadequacy o f t h e p r o t e c t i o n p r o v i d e d by him.
Except where t h e use o f t r e m i e s has been approved, f o u n d a t i o n e x c a v a t i o n s f o r
s t r u c t u r e s s h a l l be k e p t f r e e o f w a t e r a t a l l t i m e s u n t i l t h e y have been i n s p e c t e d
and approved and c o n c r e t e f o o t i n g s have been c a s t .
5.1.4 Nuisance
5.1.4.1 D u s t nuisance. Wherever d u s t f r o m t h e Works, h a u l roads, b o r r o w p i t s o r r o a d
d e v i a t i o n becomes a n u i s a n c e t o t h e p u b l i c o r damages a d j a c e n t p r o p e r t i e s , t h e
C o n t r a c t o r s h a l l , when so o r d e r e d by t h e Engineer, a p p l y s u f f i c i e n t w a t e r o r t a k e
o t h e r measures t o l a y t h e d u s t .
5.1.4.2 Water n u i s a n c e . The C o n t r a c t o r s h a l l d r a i n b o r r o w areas t o p r e v e n t p o o l s f o r m i n g .
5.1.4.3 Excavated m a t e r i a l n o t t o endanger o r i n t e r f e r e . A l l excavated m a t e r i a l s h a l l be so
d e p o s i t e d as n o t t o i n t e r f e r e w i t h o r endanger t h e Works ( f o r example, by c a u s i n g
t h e s i d e s o f a n e x c a v a t i o n t o c o l l a p s e ) , o t h e r p r o p e r t y o r t r a f f i c . The E n g i n e e r
may o r d e r t h e C o n t r a c t o r t o remove any m a t e r i a l t h a t t h e Engineer c o n s i d e r s l i a b l e
t o endanger o r t o i n t e r f e r e w i t h t h e Works, p r i v a t e p r o p e r t y , t r a f f i c o r
p e d e s t r i a n s , and t o p l a c e s u c h m a t e r i a l a t some o t h e r approved l o c a t i o n . I f t h e
n e c e s s i t y f o r such removal i s , i n t h e o p i n i o n o f t h e Engineer, a r e s u l t o f some
f a u l t on t h e p a r t o f t h e C o n t r a c t o r , t h e c o s t o f removal s h a l l be b o r n e by t h e
C o n t r a c t o r , b u t o t h e r w i s e i t w i l l b e borne by t h e Employer.
A l l s u r p l u s m a t e r i a l n o t r e q u i r e d f o r b a c k f i l l i n g o r f o r m i n g embankments as i n d i -
c a t e d elsewhere i n t h e C o n t r a c t o r as may b e o r d e r e d by t h e Engineer, and m a t e r i a l
u n s u i t a b l e f o r b a c k f i l l i n g , f o r m i n g embankments o r t o p s o i l i n g s h a l l be d e p o s i t e d on
a s i t e o r s i t e s d e s i g n a t e d b y t h e Engineer and graded t o f r e e - d r a i n i n g s l o p e s .
5.1.5 R e i n s t a t e m e n t and Maintenance o f Roads. The C o n t r a c t o r s h a l l r e i n s t a t e and m a i n t a i n
t h e s u r f a c e s o f a l l roadways t h r o u g h which t r e n c h e s o r o t h e r e x c a v a t i o n s have been
made. Should any subsidence o c c u r a t t h e s i t e o f such t r e n c h o r o t h e r e x c a v a t i o n ,
t h e Contractor s h a l l immdediately r e s t o r e t h e road surface t o i t s c o r r e c t l e v e l .
Where immediate r e s t o r a t i o n i s i m p r a c t i c a b l e , t h e C o n t r a c t o r s h a l l p r o v i d e b a r r i -
cading, l i g h t i n g and o t h e r s a f e g u a r d s i n t e r m s o f 5.1.1 u n t i l r e s t o r a t i o n i s
complete.
5.1.6 Road T r a f f i c C o n t r o l . Where t h e work a f f e c t s t h e o p e r a t i o n o r s a f e t y o f p u b l i c r o a d
t r a f f i c , i n a d d i t i o n t o c o m p l y i n g w i t h t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f 5.1.1.1, t h e C o n t r a c t o r
s h a l l p r o v i d e , e r e c t and m a i n t a i n t r a f f i c s i ns t h a t conform t o t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f
t h e South A f r i c a n r o a d t r a f f i c s f g n s manual17 i n p o s i t i o n s shown on t h e d r a w i n g s o r
s t a t e d i n t h e p r o j e c t s p e c i f i c a t i o n . When r e l e v a n t and where p r a c t i c a b l e , t r a f f i c
s i g n s s h a l l be i n b o t h o f f i c i a l languages o r o t h e r w i s e a l t e r n a t e l y i n E n g l i s h and
Afrikaans.
Where and as o r d e r e d o r scheduled, o r both, w a r n i n g l i g h t s , an adequate number of
flagmen and a p p r o p r i a t e b a r r i c a d e s c l e a r l y v i s i b l e t o oncoming t r a f f i c a t a l l t i m e s
o f t h e day and n i g h t s h a l l a l s o be p r o v i d e d . I f s t e e l drums a r e used f o r t h i s p u r -
pose, t h e y s h a l l be b a l l a s t e d w i t h s o i l , sand o r s t o n e s and t h e o u t s i d e s h a l l be
whitewashed and p r o v i d e d with r e t r o - r e f l e c t i v e m a t e r i a l ( i n t h e case o f tape, o f
minimum w i d t h 10 mm), r e d on t h e l e f t - h a n d s i d e f a c i n g oncoming t r a f f i c and w h i t e
on t h e r i g h t - h a n d s i d e . The drums s h a l l be m a i n t a i n e d i n a c l e a n and e f f e c t i v e con-
d i t i o n and no s t o n e s s h a l l be p l a c e d on them.

5.2 METHODS AND PROCEDURES

5.2.1 S i t e Preparation
5.2.1.1 G l e a r i n g o r c l e a r i n g and s t r i p p i n g o f S i t e . P r i o r t o t h e s t a r t o f e x c a v a t i o n
p r o p e r , i f and as scheduled, a l l a r e a s i n w h i c h e x c a v a t i o n i s t o t a k e p l a c e o r t h a t
a r e t o be c o v e r e d by t e r r a c e s , banks o r s t r u c t u r e s s h a l l be
a ) c l e a r e d as s p e c i f i e d i n Subclauses 5.3 and 5.4 o f SABS 1200 C, o r
b ) c l e a r e d as s p e c i f i e d i n ( a ) above and a l s o s t r i p p e d o f a l l r e m a i n i n g v e g e t a b l e
m a t t e r and s u r f a c e s o i l t o a d e p t h o f up t o 150 mm . U n s u i t a b l e m a t e r i a l s h a l l be
d i s p o s e d o f as s p e c i f i e d i n 5.2.2.3.
5.2.1.2 C o n s e r v a t i o n o f t o p s o i l . When so scheduled and when t h e r e i s s u i t a b l e t o p s o i l
w i t h i n t h e l i m i t s o f t h e a r e a t o be c l e a r e d , t h e C o n t r a c t o r s h a l l remove and con-
s e r v e t h e t o p s o i l t o g e t h e r w i t h any g r a s s o r o t h e r a c c e p t a b l e v e g e t a t i o n . I f i t i s
n o t used i m m e d i a t e l y o r i f i t i s n o t s t o c k p i l e d i n windrows c l e a r o f t h e w o r k i n g
areas, t h e t o p s o i l s h a l l be conserved f o r l a t e r use i n t h e manner s p e c i f i e d i n t h e
p r o j e c t s p e c i f i c a t i o n . The C o n t r a c t o r w i l l n o t be r e q u i r e d t o remove t o p s o i l f r o m
any area i n w h i c h t h e average d e p t h o f s o i l is l e s s t h a n 150 mm .
5.2.1.3 S t r i p p i n g o r removal o f overburden. Except a s r e q u i r e d i n terms o f 5.2.2.2, where
s t r i p p i n g as s p e c i f i e d i n 5.2.1.1 i s r e q u i r e d t o i n c l u d e t h e removal o f overburden
and o t h e r u n s u i t a b l e m a t e r i a l t o d e p t h s e x c e e d i n g 150 mm, t h e d e t a i l s w i l l be s e t
o u t i n t h e p r o j e c t s p e c i f i c a t i o n , and a s e p a r a t e i t e m w i l l b e scheduled.

......................................
1 ) P u b l i s h e d by t h e GSIR, P r e t o r i a .
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SABS 1200 0-1988 10

Earthworks

5.2.2 Excavation
5.2.2.1 Excavations f o r general earthworks and f o r s t r u c t u r e s
a) A f t e r an area has been s t r i p p e d as s p e c i f i e d i n 5.2.1, excavation s h a l l be
c a r r i e d o u t f i r s t t o any general l e v e l s t o which t h e ground has t o be reduced and
then f o r foundations, f o o t i n g s , etc., t o t h e depths i n d i c a t e d o r t o such g r e a t e r
y be r e q u i r e d by t h e Engineer t o ensure a s a t i s f a c t o r y foundation. The
o r d e r o r a u t h o r i z e a d d i t i o n a l excavation f o r any s t a t e d purpose

b) Except where otherwise specified, shown on t h e drawings, ordered o r d i c t a t e d by

the requirements f o r safeguarding i n terms o f 5.1.1.2, excavation s h a l l be so
c a r r i e d o u t and so trimmed t o t h e o u t l i n e o f t h e concrete work shown on t h e
drawings t h a t t h e excavated surfaces w i l l a c t as forms f o r t h e concrete works.
c ) Except where p r o v i s i o n f o r working space has been scheduled, each excavated sur-
h i c h o r a g a i n s t which a permanent concrete s t r u c t u r e w i l l be p l a c e d s h a l l
d t o ensure t h a t t h e r e i s no p r o j e c t i o n o u t s i d e t h e s p e c i f i e d t o l e r a n c e
excavation p r o f i l e . Such surface s h a l l be cleaned by hand o r by a i r o r
o t h e r e f f e c t i v e eans t o remove a l l loose m a t e r i a l .
f o r e any permanent c o n s t r u c t i o n i s commenced, t h e bottom o f each
excavation s h a l l be cleaned o f a l l loose material, and s o f t m a t e r i a l s h a l l b e
d as r e q u i r e d by t h e Engineer.
n t r a c t o r excavate t o dimensions i n excess o f those s t i p u l a t e d o r
perrtitted, he s h a l l f i l l i n the excess a t h i s own expense i n t h e manner s p e c i f i e d
o r approved by the Engineer. Excavated surfaces t h a t w i l l remaln permanently
exposed s h a l l be f i n i s h e d o f f i n a neat and workmanlike manner and s h a l l be graded
as shown on t h e drawings, t o p r o v i d e adequate drainage.
5.2.2.2 Borrow i t s . When t h e C o n t r a c t o r i s r e q u i r e d by t h e Engineer t o open up borrow p i t s
Lbe_
t o o t a i n a d d i t i o n a l o r s e l e c t e d excavated material, t h e C o n t r a c t o r s h a l l c o n s t r u c t
t h e necessary access t o each borrow p i t s i t e and then c l e a r t h e surface o f t h e s i t e
o f a l l vegetable m a t t e r and rubbish. Topsoil and overburden s h a l l be s t r i p p e d and
s t o c k p i l e d s e p a r a t e l y u n l e s s otherwise s p e c i f i e d o r orderled. The C o n t r a c t o r s h a l l
so m a i n t a i n borrow p i t s t h a t they do n o t become a danger t o persons and l i v e s t o c k .
Qn completion o f borrowing, a l l unused material, i n c l u d i n g overburden b u t e x c l u d i n g
t o p s o i l , s h a l l be r e t u r n e d and t h e s i d e s o f t h e p i t s s h a l l be graded 1:2, o r as t h e
Engineer nay d i r e c t . The s t o c k p i l e d t o p s o i l s h a l l then be spread evenly over t h e
area o f t h e borrow p i t and, t h e r e a f t e r , any access c o n s t r u c t e d by t h e C o n t r a c t o r
s h a l l be s c a r i f i e d and t h e area r e i n s t a t e d .
5.2.2.3 D i s osal. The C o n t r a c t o r s h a l l n o t s p o i l , s t o c k p i l e o r waste any m a t e r i a l w i t h o u t
--%.
approve He s h a l l dispose o f s u r p l u s and u n s u i t a b l e m a t e r i a l i n areas designated
on the drawings o r i n t h e p r o j e c t s p e c i f i c a t i o n . S p o i l heaps s h a l l be f l a t t e n e d t o
present a neat l e v e l o r graded surface.
5.2.3 P l a c i n g and Compaction
5.2.3.1 Embankments. Where approved a a t e r i a l from excavations i s i n s u f f i c i e n t t o f o r m
bankments, t h e C o n t r a c t o r s h a l l , unless otherwise ordered, o b t a i n t h e
t e r i a l , as d i r e c t e d , from borrow p i t s a t s i t e s approved by t h e

ed from excavations o r borrow p i t s o r both,

b ) i s f r e e o f stumps, trees, r u b b i s h and o t h e r d e l e t e r i o u s materials, and
c ) has been approved,
s h a l l be placed i n t h e lower l a y e r s o f an embankment, and m a t e r i a l o f t h e same o r
b e t t e r q u a l i t y (see 3.2.1) s h a l l be placed i t h e upper p o r t i o n o f an embankment.
i s necessary t o use c l a y o r c l a a t e r i a l , t h e Engineer may d i r e c t t h a t
e r i a l be placed n o t l e s s t h a n 1 n o t more t h a n 6 m below t h e f i n i s h e d

aximum dimension exceeding 600 mm s h a l l not. be placed a t t h e base o f

an embankment.
The m a t e r i a l o f each embankment s h a l l , unless otherwise approved, be d e p o s i t e d i n
l a y e r s o f thickness, b e f o r e conpaction, n o t exceeding 300 mm .
The m a t e r i a l s h a l l
be spread t o form a l a y e r t h a t i s o f approximately u n i f o r n i thickness, and graded
over t h e whole area o f t h e embankment.
e r s h a l l be compacted a t OMC t o a d e n s i t y o f a t l e a s t 90 % o f m o d i f i e d
aximum d e n s i t y i n t h e case o f cohesive s o i l o r 98 % i n t h e case o f non-
cohesive s o i l . Should t h e m a t e r i a l be t o o wet, owing t o r a i n o r any o t h e r cause, i t
s h a l l be harrowed and a l l o w e d t o d r y out t o t h e c o r r e c t moisture content b e f o r e
compaction i s undertaken.
The C o n t r a c t o r s h a l l ensure t h a t storiawater w i l l a t a t 1 t i m e s be discharged uni-
formly over t h e f u l l area o f each embankment o r through s p e c i a l l y prepared and pro-
t e c t e d drainage d i t c h e s t o prevent scouring o f t h e slopes.
5.2.3.2 B a c k f i l l i n g o f trenches and b a c k f i l l i n g o r f i l l i n g against s t r u c t u r e s
a) General. No b a c k f i l l i n g s h a l l be commenced u n t i l permission t o do so has been
given by t h e Engineer.
Where f i l l i n g i s t o be placed a g a i n s t o r around a s t r u c t u r e , such f i l l i n g s h a l l be
placed, and s h a l l be compacted (whether i t be b a c k f i l l i n g o r embankment) s i m u l t a -
neously on b o t h s i d e s o f t h e s t r u c t u r e t o minimize unequal loading.
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of SABS copyright rules. Note that only one printout of the standard may be made.

11
SABS 1200 D-1988
Earthworks
Where shown on t h e drawings o r ordered, a l l trenches and excavations o u t s i d e s t r u c -
t u r e s s h a l l be c a r e f u l l y r e f i l l e d w i t h approved m a t e r i a l i n l a y e r s o f t h i c k n e s s n o t
exceeding 250 mm b e f o r e compaction.
During t h e p l a c i n g o f each l a y e r , t h e f i l l i n g s h a l l be w e l l r o l l e d and compacted,
s u f f i c i e n t water being added u n i f o r m l y t o ensure t h a t t h e d e n s i t y s p e c i f i e d f o r t h e
p a r t i c u l a r zone i s achieved or, where a d e n s i t y i s n o t s p e c i f i e d , t h a t t h e d e n s i t y
achieved i s a t l e a s t t h a t o f t h e a d j o i n i n g u n d i s t u r b e d m a t e r i a l . Each l a y e r s h a l l
be completed b e f o r e t h e n e x t i s added.
Except w i t h t h e consent o f t h e Engineer, f i l l i n g s h a l l n o t be deposited i n water.
b ) R e s t r i c t e d . Where t h e use o f conventional compaction p l a n t c l o s e t o a s t r u c t u r e
i s n o t possible, t h e m a t e r i a l t o be compacted s h a l l be spread i n loose l a y e r s o f
t h i c k n e s s n o t exceeding 250 mm and compacted by means o f mechanical tampers t o a t
l e a s t t h e d e n s i t y s p e c i f i e d f o r t h a t p a r t i c u l a r zone or, where a d e n s i t y i s n o t
s p e c i f i e d , t o a t l e a s t the d e n s i t y o f t h e a d j o i n i n g u n d i s t u r b e d m a t e r i a l .
5.2.4 F i n is h i n
5.2.4.1 d d i n g . On completion o f earthworks t o t h e f i n i s h e d l e v e l and o f b a c k f i l l i n g
o f a l l holes, trenches and t h e l i k e , t h e whole s u r f a c e s h a l l be graded, shaped and
compacted t o f i n a l grades and l e v e l s . The s u r f a c e s h a l l be l i g h t l y watered as t h e
Engineer may d i r e c t .
5.2.4.2 T o p s o i l i n g . Where scheduled, t o p s o i l s h a l l be placed on l e v e l and s l i g h t l y graded
areas and s h a l l be l i g h t l y compacted by wheeled v e h i c l e s o r by tamping, and trimmed
n e a t l y t o t h e r e q u i r e d l i n e s , grades and l e v e l s . The f i n a l t h i c k n e s s o f t o p s o i l
a f t e r compaction s h a l l be a t l e a s t 75 mm .
5.2.4.3 Grass o r o t h e r vegetation. Where and as scheduled, grass o r o t h e r v e g e t a t i o n s h a l l
be p l a n t e d a f t e r t o p s o i l i n g has been completed. On completion o f p l a n t i n g , t h e
p l a n t e d area s h a l l be n e a t l y trimmed and w e l l watered.
The C o n t r a c t o r s h a l l ensure t h a t t h e p l a n t e d areas are n o t p e r m i t t e d t o d r y o u t .
Any grass o r o t h e r v e g e t a t i o n t h a t f a i l s t o grow s h a l l be r e p l a c e d by t h e Contrac-
t o r , a t h i s expense, w i t h f r e s h grass o r o t h e r v e g e t a t i o n o r seed, as appropriate,
u n t i l s a t i s f a c t o r y cover i s obtained.
5.2.4.4 P i t c h i n g o f surfaces. On completion o f f i n a l grading i n terms o f 5.2.4.1,
designated surfaces s h a l l , where so scheduled, be p i t c h e d w i t h stone o r o t h e r
m a t e r i a l s o f t h e type and i n t h e manner shown on t h e drawings and s p e c i f i e d i n
SABS 1200 DK.
5.2.4.5 Gabions. Where scheduled, gabions s h a l l be c o n s t r u c t e d t o t h e d e t a i l s and i n t h e
manner s p e c i f i e d i n SABS 1200 DK.
5.2.5 Transport f o r Earthworks
5.2.5.1 Freehaul
m a u l o f m a t e r i a l imported from commercial sources o r from borrow p i t s
s e l e c t e d by t h e C o n t r a c t o r w i l l be regarded as f r e e h a u l .
b ) Provided t h a t , where a p p l i c a b l e ,
1 ) t h e drawings c l e a r l y show t h e boundaries of t h e area w i t h i n which t h e whole o f
t h e work ( i n c l u d i n g borrowing and s p o i l i n g ) i s t o be c a r r i e d o u t and t h a t t h i s area
does n o t exceed 1,5 km x 1,5 km;
2) t h e drawings o r mass diagrams ( o r b o t h ) c l e a r l y show t h e distances and t h e quan-
t i t i e s t o be moved i n a s e r i e s o f c u t and f i l l operations ( i n c l u d i n g borrowing and
s p o i l i n g ) w i t h i n a p r e s c r i b e d servitude, wayleave o r reserve;
3) t h e drawings c l e a r l y show t h e l o c a t i o n and distances o f a l l excavations and
designated borrow p i t s , embankments t o be formed and d i s p o s a l areas, as r e l e v a n t ;
and provided t h a t freehaul d i s t a n c e s have n o t been s p e c i f i c a l l y s t a t e d elsewhere i n
t h e c o n t r a c t documents, a l l haul, i n a d d i t i o n t o t h a t o f ( a ) above, w i l l be
regarded as f r e e h a u l .
I n t h e case o f any o f t h e a p p l i c a b l e p r o v i s i o n s l i s t e d i n (b)(l)-(3) above f o r
which i n f o r m a t i o n has n o t been given, and p r o v i d e d t h a t no o t h e r f r e e h a u l d i s t a n c e
has been s p e c i f i e d elsewhere i n t h e c o n t r a c t documents, t h e freehaul d i s t a n c e
w i t h i n which t h e Contractor w i l l be r e q u i r e d t o move m a t e r i a l w i t h o u t separate com-
pensation s h a l l be 0,5 km .
5.2.5.2 Overhaul. T r a n s p o r t a t i o n o f a l l excavated m a t e r i a l beyond the freehaul d i s t a n c e s
a p p l i c a b l e w i l l be regarded as overhaul. Overhaul w i l l be c l a s s i f i e d as e i t h e r
l i m i t e d overhaul o r l i m i t e d overhaul p l u s l o n g overhaul (see 8.3.6) based on t h e
f o l l o w i n g ranges:

Distance beyond t h e end o f t h e a p p l i c a b l e

f r e e h a u l by t h e s h o r t e s t p r a c t i c a b l e r o u t e

L i m i t e d overhaul: .................................................. f i r s t 0,5 km

Long overhaul: ..................................... remainder o f overhaul d i s t a n c e

The C o n t r a c t o r s h a l l n o t i n c u r overhaul expenses w i t h o u t p r i o r approval.

6. TOLERANCES
6.1 POSITION, DIMENSIONS, LEVELS, ETC. The work s h a l l be f i n i s h e d t o Degree o f
Accuracy I 1 and t h e p e r m i s s i b l e d e v i a t i o n s (PD) [see Clause 6 o f SABS 1200 A o r
Clause 6 o f SABS 1200 AA, as a p p l i c a b l e ) s h a l l , s u b j e c t t o Subclause 6.3 o f
SABS 1200 A o r AA, as a p p l i c a b l e , be w i t h i n t h e l i m i t s g i v e n below f o r Degree o f
Accuracy 11:
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SABS 1200 D-1988 12

Earthworks

P e r m i s s i b l e d e v i a t i o n (PD)

Degree o f Accuracy

111 I1 I

mm mm mm

a) Excavations f o r s t r u c t u r a l foundations
1) P o s i t i o n on p l a n
PD i n p l a n o f any p o i n t measured f r o m t h e n e a r e s t g r i d l i n e
Dimensions o n p l a n
... P 50 f 35 k 25

PD f r o m t h e d e s i g n d i m e n s i o n s ....................... ......... f 75 i: 50 i: 25
F o u n d a t i o n l e v e l - ( i .e. l e v e l o f u n d e r s i d e o f c o n c r e t e e x c e p t
f l o o r slab)
PD i n l e v e l o f s u r f a c e o f e x c a v a t i o n trimmed t o r e c e ve
concrete ........................................... ......... i: 75 f 50 i: 25
Leve 1
PD f r o m d e s i g n e d l e v e l w i t h r e f e r e n c e t o t h e n e a r e s t
t r a n s f e r r e d bench-mark o f any f l o o r s l a b ........... ......... r 20 k 15 i: 10

T e r r a c e s and embankments
P o s i t i o n o f t o p edge o f t e r r a c e *
PD f r o m d e s i g n a t e d p o s i t i o n o f any p o i n t , measured f r o m
nearest g r i d l i n e ............................................ f 450 P 300 i: 150
A l i g n m e n t o f t o p edge o f t e r r a c e ”
PD f r o m a l i n e j o i n i n g any two p o i n t s 30 in a p a r t on t o p
edge o f t e r r a c e .............................................. 2 200 i: 100 i: 50
Finished l e v e l s
PD f r o m d e s i g n a t e d l e v e l s with r e f e r e n c e t o n e a r e s t tran!?
f e r r e d bench mark ............................................ f 150 i: 50 2 50
Slopes o f t o p surfaces
....................................
PD f r o m d i r e c t i o n o f s l o p e ni1 ni1 nil

PD f r o m r a t e o f f a l l :
xx 7
1 i n 100 t o 1 i n 300 .......................................... 20 10 5
1 i n 400 and f l a t t e r .......................................... 10 5 2

“ S u b j e c t t o t h e b r e a k l i n e between i n t e r s e c t i n g s l o p e s b e i n g a c c e p t a b l y s t r a i g h t .

6.2 MOISTURE CONTENT AND DENSITY. The p e r m i s s i b l e d e v i a t i o n s f r o m OMC and d e n s i t y

s h a l l , e x c e p t where o t h e r w i s e s p e c i f i e d , be a s g i v e n below, a p p r o p r i a t e t o t h e
degree o f a c c u r a c y s p e c i f i e d f o r a p a r t i c u l a r c l a s s o f work:

Permissible deviation

Degree o f a c c u r a c y

a ) OMC i n f i e l d d u r i n g compaction .................................

b ) S p e c i f i e d d e n s i t y ( f o r work o t h e r t h a n work c o v e r e d by
SABS 1200 LB) ................................................ + no + no +2
-0
to? top
limit limit
-0 -0

7. TESTING
7.1 EXPLORATORY HOLES. To d e t e r m i n e f o u n d i n g c o n d i t i o n s o r f o r o t h e r purposes, t h e
E n g i n e e r may r e q u i r e t h e C o n t r a c t o r t o dri.11, auger o r e x c a v a t e h o l e s i n advance o f
t h e s t a r t of c o n s t r u c t i o n . When so r e q u e s t e d by t h e Engineer, t h e C o n t r a c t o r s h a l l
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13 SABS 1200 D-1988

Earthworks

p r o v i d e l a b o u r , t o o l s , machinery and equipment f o r s i n k i n g such e x p l o r a t o r y h o l e s

and f o r r e f i l l i n g them. Such o p e r a t i o n s w i l l be p a i d as daywork.

7.2 TAKING AND TESTING OF SAMPLES. The C o n t r a c t o r s h a l l c a r r y o u t s u f f i c i e n t t e s t s t o

s a t i s f y h i m s e l f about t h e c o n s i s t e n c y o f m a t e r i a l s p l a c e d i n embankments, around
and o v e r p i p e s , and as b a c k f i l l t o s t r u c t u r e s . Check t e s t s w i l l be c a r r i e d o u t by
t h e E n g i n e e r and t h e r e s u l t s made a v a i l a b l e t o t h e C o n t r a c t o r .

7.3 MATERIAL OR COMPACTION STANDARD NOT TO SPECIFICATION. The Engineer may c a r r y o u t

such check t e s t s as he deems necessary, a t any d e p t h o r on any l a y e r . Where t h e
E n g i n e e r ' s t e s t s r e v e a l t h a t t h e m a t e r i a l used does n o t comply w i t h t h e a p p l i c a b l e
r e q u i r e m e n t s o f t h e s p e c i f i c a t i o n , o r t h a t t h e compaction s p e c i f i e d has n o t been
a t t a i n e d , t h e C o n t r a c t o r s h a l l so r e c t i f y t h e work t h a t t h e m a t e r i a l c o m p l i e s w i t h
t h e s a i d r e q u i r e m e n t s and t h e compaction s p e c i f i e d i s a t t a i n e d .

a. MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT

8.1 BASIC PRINCIPLES
8.1.1 The b a s i c p r i n c i p l e s o f measurement and payment f o r a l l e a r t h w o r k s a r e t h a t t h e
r a t e s t e n d e r e d f o r e x c a v a t i o n s h a l l c o v e r t h e c o s t o f e x c a v a t i n g and r e - u s e o f t h e
e x c a v a t e d m a t e r i a l i n b a c k f i l l i n g , f o r m i n g embankments, t e r r a c e s , etc., and t h e
c o s t o f d i s p o s a l o f any s u r p l u s and u n s u i t a b l e m a t e r i a l within t h e f r e e h a u l
d i s t a n c e . The measurement o f depths f o r r e s t r i c t e d e x c a v a t i o n s as s p e c i f i e d i n
3.1.2(a)(2) w i l l be based o n t h e assumption t h a t untrimmed e a r t h w o r k s o r b u l k exca-
v a t i o n t o f i n i s h e d l e v e l , o r both, have been completed b e f o r e t h e commencement o f
r e s t r i c t e d a r e a e x c a v a t i o n s (see Drawing 0-2).
S e p a r a t e a d d i t i o n a l payment w i l l be made f o r f i l l i n g excess excavation, f o r m i n g
banks o r t e r r a c e s , d i s p o s i n g o f s u r p l u s m a t e r i a l , o r any o t h e r c o n t i n g e n t work,
o n l y where s p e c i f i c a l l y p r e s c r i b e d and scheduled. Where o v e r h a u l i s payable, t h e
a d d i t i o n a l d i s t a n c e w i l l be measured by t h e s h o r t e s t p r a c t i c a b l e r o u t e , i n one
d i r e c t i o n o n l y , t o t h e n e a r e s t 0,l km, and volumes w i l l be computed as s p e c i f i e d i n
8.2.1 and 8.2.2.
8.1.2 E x c a v a t i o n s w h i c h a r e r e q u i r e d t o be b a c k f i l l e d w i l l be measured as i f t a k e n o u t
with v e r t i c a l s i d e s r e g a r d l e s s o f whether t h e y have been t a k e n o u t with s l o p i n g
s i d e s . They w i l l be measured f r o m t h e n e t p l a n o f t h e f i n i s h e d c o n c r e t e f o o t i n g ,
foundation, b u i l d i n g o r c o n c r e t e s t r u c t u r e e x c e p t t h a t , i n t h e case o f c o n i c a l -
bottomed t a n k s and o t h e r such s t r u c t u r e s , t h e volume w i l l b e measured f r o m t h e
f i n i s h e d o u t l i n e o f t h e c o n c r e t e as shown on t h e drawings.
8.1.3 Where e x t r a e x c a v a t i o n f o r o u t s i d e formwork o r w o r k i n g space o r f o r any o t h e r p u r -
pose i s s p e c i f i e d o r o r d e r e d o r a u t h o r i z e d p r i o r t o t h e s t a r t o f t h e e x c a v a t i o n f o r
a s t r u c t u r e , such e x c a v a t i o n w i l l be measured as p a r t o f t h e b u l k o r r e s t r i c t e d
e x c a v a t i o n , a s a p p l i c a b l e , e x c e p t where t h e w o r k i n g space i s scheduled as an a r e a
( s e e 5.2.2.1).

8.2 COMPUTATION OF QUANTITIES

8.2.1 E a r t h w o r k s w i l l be measured by volume once o n l y , e i t h e r
a ) i n compacted embankment where
1) i m p o r t a t i o n o r borrow i s d e s i g n a t e d o r o r d e r e d and i n q u a n t i t i e s n o t exceeding
t h o s e so ordered, o r
2) t h e e a r t h w o r k s c o n s i s t o f a c u t t o f i l l o p e r a t i o n and a r e r e q u i r e d f o r t h e
b u i l d i n g o f a s t r u c t u r e o f d e s i g n a t e d s t r e n g t h such as a dam, road, o r r a i l embank-
ment, o r o t h e r w i s e
b ) i n excavation.
Measurements w i l l be t o f i n i s h e d shapes, s e c t i o n s and p r o f i l e s as shown on drawings
o r ordered, and no e x c a v a t i o n and no embankment formed o u t s i d e t h e s p e c i f i e d l i n e s
and l e v e l s w i l l be i n c l u d e d i n t h e measurements u n l e s s such e x t r a work has been
done on t h e w r i t t e n i n s t r u c t i o n s o f t h e E n g i n e e r .
8.2.2 Except where e a r t h w o r k s a r e c a r r i e d o u t t o s i m p l e g e o m e t r i c shapes, t h e volumes o f
m a t e r i a l h a n d l e d w i l l be computed from c r o s s - s e c t i o n s a t s u i t a b l e i n t e r v a l s by t h e
method o f average end areas.
Where t h i s method o f measurement i s c o n s i d e r e d by t h e Engineer t o be i m p r a c t i c a b l e ,
t h e volume w i l l be computed f r o m t h e p r e d e t e r m i n e d c a p a c i t y o f t h e h a u l i n g
v e h i c l e s , and each v e h i c l e s h a l l be loaded t o a t l e a s t t h e p r e d e t e r m i n e d c a p a c i t y .
The volume o f m a t e r i a l w i l l be t a k e n as 70 % o f t h e s a i d c a p a c i t y i n t h e case o f
s o i l s and g r a v e l and 50 % i n t h e case o f r o c k and b o u l d e r m a t e r i a l .
Volumes o f m a t e r i a l removed i n c i d e n t a l l y d u r i n g s i t e c l e a r i n g o p e r a t i o n s i n terms
o f SABS 1200 C w i l l be d i s r e g a r d e d i n b o t h e x c a v a t i o n and embankment q u a n t i t i e s ,
b u t t h e volumes (computed f r o m t h e a r e a s and d e p t h s ) moved i n t h e s t r i p p i n g o f t h e
S i t e i n terms o f 5.2.1 o r i n e x c a v a t i o n o f s t a t e d depths o f t o p s o i l w i l l be
deducted f r o m t h e e x c a v a t i o n o r added t o t h e embankment volume, as t h e case may be.
8.2.3 S h o u l d he wish t o check t h e E n g i n e e r ' s q u a n t i t i e s , t h e C o n t r a c t o r may, a t h i s own
expense, t a k e t h e l e v e l s and p r e p a r e t h e c r o s s - s e c t i o n s necessary f o r t h e measure-
ment and c o m p u t a t i o n o f q u a n t i t i e s . The E n g i n e e r may conduct such check t e s t s on
t h e C o n t r a c t o r ' s c r o s s - s e c t i o n s as he c o n s i d e r s necessary t o c o n f i r m t h e i r accuracy
and adequacy. F a i l u r e on t h e p a r t o f t h e C o n t r a c t o r t o s u b m i t h i s own c r o s s -
s e c t i o n s t o t h e Engineer b e f o r e commencing c o n s t r u c t i o n w i l l be h e l d t o i n d i c a t e
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SABS 1200 D-1988 14

Earthworks

h i s preparedness t o accept t h e cross-sections provided by t h e Engineer f o r t h e p u r -

pose of measurement and payment o f c u t and f i l l q u a n t i t i e s and, i n t h e event o f
such f a i l u r e , no subsequent c l a i m i n t h i s r e g a r d w i l l be considered.

8-3 SCHEDULED ITEMS)

8.3.1 S i t e p r e p a r a t i o n (See a l s o SA5S 1200 C, i f applicable.)
8.3.1.1 Clear and s t r i p s i t e .......................................................... Unit: m2
The r a t e s h a l l cover t h e c o s t o f c l e a r i n g and s t r i p p i n g f r o m designated areas o f
surface s o i l t o a depth n o t exceeding 150 am as s p e c i f i e d i n 5.2.1.1(b).
8.3.1.2 depth), s t o c k p i l e and main-
-- ....................... Unit: m2
The r a t e s h a l l cover t h e c o s t o f removing t o p s o i l t o a nominal depth o f 150 mm ( o r
o t h e r s t a t e d depth) from designated areas, s t o c k p i l i n g , and p r e v e n t i n g d u s t
nuisance, a l l as s p e c i f i e d i n 5.1.4.1 and 5.2.1.2.
Where ,-emoval t o g r e a t e r depths i s ordered, t h e area measured f o r payment w i l l ,
unless otherwise scheduled, be increased p r o r a t a t o t h e average increase i n
deoth.
8.3.2 Buik Excavation
a) Excavate i n a l l m a t e r i a l s and use f o r embankment or b i b c k f i l l o r dispose, as
ordered ......................................................................... Unit: m’
Separate items w i l l be scheduled f o r each t y p e o f e x c a v a t i o n or each s t r u c t u r e and
f o r each c l a s s (see Drawins D-1) or manner o f disposal o f excavated m a t e r i a l .
?he r a t e s h a l l cover t h e c o s t of complying with a l l p r e c u a t i o n s r e q u i r e d i n terms
o f 5.1 i n a d d i t i o n t o t h e c o s t of excavation, b a s i c s e l e c t i o n , loading, t r a n s p o r -
t a t i o n within f r e e h a u l distance, offloading, spreading o r b a c k f i l l i n g , watering,
compacting, f i n a l grading, complytng w i t h t h e requirements f o r tolerances, pro-
v i d i n g f o r t e s t i n g , and disposal o f s p o i l , a l l i n accordance with t h e requirements
o f the specification.
b ) Extra-over f o r
1 ) Ktet-mediate excavation
2 ) h a r d r o c k excavation
......................................................
......................................................... Unit:
Unit:
m3
m’
3 ) boulder excavation, Class A
4 ) boulder excavation, Class 5
..................................................
.................................................. Unit:
Unit:
m3
m3
The r a t e s h a l l cover t h e a d d i t i o n a l cost of t h e o p e r a t i o n s enumerated i n ( a ) above
f o r any p o r t i o n o f t h e excavation t h a t i s c l a s s i f i e d as i n t e r m e d i a t e ? h a r d rock,
boulder Class A or b o u l d e r Class 5, as a p p l i c a b l e (see Drawing D-1).
8.3.3 R e s t r i c t e d Excavation (see Drawing D-2)
a) Excavate f o r r e s t r i c t e d foundations, f o o t i n g s and p i p e trenches i n a l l m a t e r i a l s
-
and use f o r b a c k f i l l o r embankment o r dispose ...................................
Separate items w i l l be scheduled f o r separate s t r u c t u r e s and, i n t h e case o f p i p e
Unit: m3

trenches, t o d i f f e r e n t depths i n 1 a increments.

A l l r e s t r i c t e d excavations w i l l be measured by volume. Tlhe volume o f s h o r t p i p e
trenches w i l l be computed from t h e minimum base w i d t h o f t h e t r e n c h (see
SABS 1200 DB).
The r a t e s h a l l cover t h e c o s t of Complying with a l l t h e p r e c a u t i o n s r e q u i r e d i n
s of 4.1 i n a d d i t i o n t o t h e cost o f excavating, s e l e c t i n g , and keeping selec-
t e d m a t e r i a l separate (where r e l e v a n t ) , temporary s t o c k p i l i n g (unless, i n ex-
c e p t i o n a l circumstances, s p e c i f i c a l l y a u t h o r i z e d f o r sepiarate payment), loading,
t r a n s p o r t a t i o n within f r e e h a u l distance, o f f l o a d i n g , b a c k f i l l i n g , watering,
compacting, t e s t i n g , and disposal o f s p o i l and as more f u l l y s p e c i f i e d i n
5.2.2.1:5.2.2.3 ( i n c l u s i v e ) and 5.2.3.
b ) Extra-over f o r
1) i n t e r m e d i a t e excavation
2 ) h a r d rock excavation
......................................................
.........................................................
Unit:
Unit:
mS
mJ
3 ) boulder excavation, Class A .................................................. Unit: m3
4 ) boulder excavation, Class B ..................................................
The r a t e s h a l l cover t h e a d d i t i o n a l c o s t o f complying with t h e requirements o f ( a )
Unit: ms
above f o r any p o r t i o n o f t h e excavated m a t e r i a l t h a t i s c l a s s i f i e d as intermediate,
hard rock, boulder Class A o r boulder Class B, as a p p l i c a b l e .
8.3.4 Importing o f Materials
a) Extra-over f o r i m p o r t a t i o n o f m a t e r i a l s from commercial sources o r f r o m borrow
pits ........................................................................... T Unit: m3
I m p o r t a t i o n from d i f f e r e n t sources w i l l be scheduled s e p a r a t e l y f o r each designated
source o f supply and f o r each d i f f e r e n t area o f use.
The s a t e f o r i m p o r t i n g from commercial sources and borrow p i t s s e l e c t e d by t h e
Contractor s h a l l cover t h e cost, a d d i t i o n a l t o 8.3.2 o r 8.3.3, of r o y a l t i e s i f
applicable, and a c q u i r i n g s u i t a b l e m a t e r i a l , i n c l u d i n g t h e a p p l i c a b l e o f f o r m i n g
oval o f overburden, loading, t r a n s p o r t a t i o n (see 5.2.5.1), offloading a t
p o i n t o f placing, removal o f access and r e p l a c i n g o f overburden.

--------------------___r_______

a ) U n t i l SABS 1200 DB, SABS 1200 DM, SABS 1200 ME and SABS 1200 MF a r e amended, those s p e c i f i -
c a t i o n s should be amended i n t h e p r o j e c t s p e c i f i c a t i o n t o a l i g n t h e i r overhaul measurement
with t h a t o f t h i s s p e c i f i c a t i o n .
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15 SABS 1200 0-1988

Earthworks

The r a t e f o r i m p o r t i n g f r o m d e s i g n a t e d b o r r o w p i t s s h a l l c o v e r t h e c o s t , a d d i t i o n a l
t o 8.3.2 o r 8.3.3, o f r o y a l t i e s i f a p p l i c a b l e , e x c a v a t i o n , s e l e c t i o n o f s u i t a b l e
m a t e r i a l , loading, t r a n s p o r t a t i o n ( s e e 5.2.5.1), and o f f l o a d i n g a t p o i n t o f
placing .
b ) Opening up and c l o s i n g down o f d e s i g n a t e d b o r r o w p i t ......................... U n i t : Sum
T h i s i t e m w i l l be scheduled o n l y when a new b o r r o w p i t has t o be e s t a b l i s h e d o r
when access t o an e x i s t i n g borrow p i t has t o be e s t a b l i s h e d . With t h e e x c e p t i o n o f
t h e c o s t s covered by ( c ) below, t h e r a t e s h a l l c o v e r t h e c o s t o f opening up and o f
r e s t o r i n g t h e s i t e as s p e c i f i e d i n 5.2.2.2.
c ) D e a l i n g with overburden ( d e s i g n a t e d b o r r o w p i t s o n l y ) ........................ U n i t : m3
The volume o f overburden w i l l be c a l c u l a t e d bv t h e method o f averaae end a r e a s as
d e t e r m i n e d f r o m t h e p l a n a r e a o f t h e b o r r o w p j t and t h e d e p t h o f m a t e r i a l t o be
removed, measured by means o f t r i a l h o l e s spaced a t i n t e r v a l s o f 10 m o r by s u r -
v e y i n g b e f o r e and a f t e r i t s removal. The r a t e s h a l l c o v e r t h e c o s t o f d i g g i n g t r i a l
h o l e s , removing o v e r b u r d e n t o s t o c k p i l e and s p r e a d i n g o v e r b u r d e n e v e n l y o v e r t h e
f l o o r and s i d e s o f t h e borrow p i t when b o r r o w i n g i s complete.
8.3.5 E x t r a E x c a v a t i o n i n a l l M a t e r i a l s t o P r o v i d e Working Space around S t r u c t u r e ..... Un t: m2
The a r e a w i l l be computed f r o m t h e p e r i m e t e r o f t h e s t r u c t u r e and t h e average d e p t h
o f e x c a v a t i o n on t h e p e r i m e t e r o f t h e s t r u c t u r e .
The r a t e s h a l l c o v e r t h e c o s t o f t h e o p e r a t i o n s s p e c i f i e d i n 8.3.3(a) i n r e s p e c t o f
t h e e x c a v a t i o n o f an a r e a t h a t i s wide enough f o r w o r k i n g space.
8.3.6 Overhaul ( s e e 5.2.5.2)
g ) e d ...............................................
overhaul ( p r o v i s i o n a l ) Un t: m3
b ) Long o v e r h a u l ( p r o v i s i o n a l ) .................................................. Un t: m3.km
I t e m s ( a ) and ( b ) above a r e a p p l i c a b l e o n l y when t h e a p p r o p r i a t e i n f o r m a t i o n o f
t h a t s e t o u t i n 5.2.5.1(b) was n o t a v a i l a b l e t o t h e C o n t r a c t o r a t t h e t e n d e r i n g
stage.
Volumes w i l l be computed f r o m t h e d e s i g n a t e d dimensions. No a l l o w a n c e w i l l be made
f o r b u l k i n g . Long o v e r h a u l d i s t a n c e s w i l l be measured t o t h e n e a r e s t 0 , l km f r o m
t h e end o f t h e l i m i t e d o v e r h a u l range, i n one d i r e c t i o n o n l y , by t h e s h o r t e s t p r a c -
t i c a b l e r o u t e . M a t e r i a l measured f o r o v e r h a u l u n d e r ( b ) above w i l l a l s o be measured
under ( a ) above.
8.3.7 ........
A d d i t i o n a l L a t e r a l Support between .......... and i f ordered
(provisional) ................................................................... U n i t : Sum
T h i s i t e m may be scheduled as a p r o v i s i o n a l sum t o c o v e r payment f o r
a ) e n s u r i n g t h e s t a b i l i t y o f a p a r t i c u l a r s t r u c t u r e o r any s e r v i c e o r o t h e r p a r t o f
t h e Works t h a t has been s p e c i f i e d i n t h e p r o j e c t s p e c i f i c a t i o n , o r d e s c r i b e d ade-
q u a t e l y elsewhere a t t h e t e n d e r stage, and t h a t may be a t r i s k because o f t h e
p r o x i m i t y o f t h e s l o p e o f a f a c e excavated i n t e r m s o f 5.1.1.2(b);
b ) l a t e r a l s u p p o r t o r d e r e d by t h e Engineer t o ensure t h e s t a b i l i t y o f a f e a t u r e o r
a b n o r m a l i t y t h a t cannot be d e s c r i b e d a d e q u a t e l y a t t h e t e n d e r s t a g e .
Where s u p p o r t i n terms o f ( a ) o r ( b ) above i s o r d e r e d by t h e Engineer, t h e method
may be agreed between t h e Engineer and t h e C o n t r a c t o r , b u t t h e r a t e f o r ( a ) above
s h a l l c o v e r t h e c o s t o f d e s i g n i n g ( i f designed by t h e C o n t r a c t o r ) , p r o v i d i n g ,
i n s t a l l i n g , m a i n t a i n i n g and removing l a t e r a l s u p p o r t t h a t i s p r o v i d e d t o p r e s e r v e
t h e s t a b i l i t y o f t h e s t r u c t u r e , s e r v i c e , o r o t h e r p a r t o f t h e Works, as s p e c i f i e d ,
and payment f o r ( b ) above w i l l be a t a p r i c e t o be agreed upon or, i f agreement
cannot be reached, a t daywork r a t e s .
Where a d d i t i o n a l s u p p o r t i s measured by area, t h e a r e a w i l l be computed by
m u l t i p l y i n g t h e v e r t i c a l d e p t h by t h e l e n g t h o f t h e f a c e o r f a c e s o r d e r e d t o be
suooorted.
8.3.8 E i i k t i n g S e r v i c e s ( s e e 5.1.2.2)
8.3.8.1 L o c a t i o n . Where p a r t i c u l a r items a r e p r o v i d e d i n o t h e r s e c t i o n s o f t h e schedule,
t h e c o s t s o f d e t e c t i o n , exposure, p r o t e c t i o n and a l t e r a t i o n s s h a l l be c o v e r e d by
such p a r t i c u l a r items, Where no such p a r t i c u l a r i t e m s a r e p r o v i d e d and where t h e r e
i s reason t o e x p e c t t h e presence o f s e r v i c e s , t h e f o l l o w i n g items w i l l a p p l y :
a ) Supply ( u n l e s s h i r e d under i t e m ( b ) below) o f s p e c i a l i s t equipment f o r
detection ....................................................................... U n i t : Sum
b r ........................
e o r h i r e o f s p e c i a l i s t equipment f o r d e t e c t i o n U n i t : Hour
(norma 1
working)
o r sum
c ) Excavate by hand i n s o f t m a t e r i a l t o expose .......... service ............... U n i t : m3 o r
daywork
The r a t e s f o r ( b ) and ( c ) above s h a l l c o v e r t h e c o s t o f d e l a y s and d i s r u p t i o n o f
t h e p r o g r e s s o f t h e work caused by t h e s e a r c h f o r t h e p a r t i c u l a r s e r v i c e , i n a d d i -
t i o n t o the c o s t o f searching f o r it.
8.3.8.2 D e a l i n g w i t h s e r v i c e s t h a t a r e a t r i s k because o f t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n o f e a r t h w o r k s
a ) Cables (PS..1 ................................................................ U n i t : No.
The u n i t means one c a b l e or, i f t h e r e a r e more t h a n one, any number o f c a b l e s so
grouped t h a t t h e c r o s s - s e c t i o n c o n t a i n i n g them has a h o r i z o n t a l d i m e n s i o n n o t
e x c e e d i n g 200 mm .
b) Permanent p r o t e c t i o n o f ...... s e r v i c e (PS..) ................................ U n i t : Sum
o r daywork
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SABS 1200 D-1988 16

Earthworks
c) Temporary protection of ...... service (PS..) .................... ............ Un t: Sum
or daywork
The unit sum will be used for the items above only where the work to be done is
specified and defined completely in the original tender document.
The rates for (a), (b) and (c) above shall cover the cost of location, etc., as
specified in 5.1.2.2, delays and disruption of the progress of the work due to the
existence of the service and, in addition, the cost of tjealing with the service in
terms of the project specification.
8.3.9
This item will be scheduled only when a particular materia d..........
Extra-over for Backflll or for Fill Material against Structures PS..
as been specified in
the project specification or shown on the drawings to be placed within a defined
Unit: ms

zone against a structure.

The volume measured will be the volume of material complying with the specified
requirements and placed within the defined zone.
The rate shall cover the cost, additional to 8.3.2 or 8.3.3, of supplying, placing
and compacting the specified material and the disposal of the replaced material, if
applicable.
8.3.10
7---4 ......................................................................
To soilin
T e rate shall cover the cost of excavating from stockpiles formed in terms of
5.2.1.2, hauling, and spreading in terms of 5.2.4.2.
Unit: m2

8.3.11 Grassing or other Vegetation Cover ..............................................

Separate items will be scheduled for different types of cover.
Unit: m2

The rate shall cover the cost of grassing or other covei" as specified in 5.2.4.3.
8.3.12 Road Traffic Signs and Markings .................................................
Separate items will be scheduled for each different size or type of road traffic
Unit: No.

sign. All items except painted lines will be measured by number. Painted lines will
be measured linearly, separate items being scheduled for continuous and for broken
lines. In the case of broken lines, no deduction will be made for unpainted breaks.
The rate shall cover the cost of providing and erecting signs or providing painted
markings in terms of 5.1.6, as applicable.
8.3.73 Daywork. See SABS 1200 A or the project specification, 13s applicable.
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17 SABS 1200 0-1988

Earthworks

All materials: subclause 8.3.2 (a)

Intermediate: subclause 8.3.2(b)

El
U
Hard rock: subclause 8.3.2(b)

Fig. D - I - Classes of Excavation: Measurement and Payment

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SABS 1200 D-1988 18

Earthworks

.-0 E
.-0
4
0
>
0
U
X
W

-U
E
0
Y

I
n
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of SABS copyright rules. Note that only one printout of the standard may be made.

19 SABS 1200 D-1988

Earthworks

APPENDIX A. APPLICABLE STANDARDS

Reference s made t o t h e app i c a b l e issues (see Subclause 2.2 o f SABS 1200 A o r

SABS 1200 A, as a p p l i c a b l e ) o f t h e f o l l o w i n g standards:

SABS 1200 A Civil engineering c o n s t r u c t i o n : General

SABS 1200 AA Civil engineering c o n s t r u c t i o n : General ( s m a l l works)
SABS 1200 C Civil engineering c o n s t r u c t i o n : S i t e clearance
SABS 1200 DB Civil engineering c o n s t r u c t i o n : Earthworks ( p i p e trenches)
SABS 1200 DK Civil engineering c o n s t r u c t i o n : Gabions and p i t c h i n g
SABS 1200 LB Civil engineering c o n s t r u c t i o n : Bedding ( p i p e s )

ISBN 0-626-08060-6 sabs pta