Electromechanical Energy Conversion

Electromechanical Energy
Conversion
Electromechanical Energy Conversion
• The electromechanical energy conversion
theory allows the representation of the
electromagnetic force or torque in terms of
device variables, such as the currents and the
displacement of the mechanical systems.
• An electromechanical system consists of an
electric system, a mechanical system, and a
means whereby the electric and mechanical
systems can interact.
2
•Consider the block diagram depicted below.
Coupling
Electric Field Mechanic
System System
WE = We + WeL + WeS
Energy Energy transferred to the

supplied by Energy losses of the Energy stored in the
coupling field by the electric system. electric o magnetic field
an electric electric system
source Basically, I2R
3
• The energy transferred to the coupling field can be represented by
WM = Wm + WmL + WmS
Energy Energy transferred to the
Energy losses of the Energy stored in the
supplied by a coupling field from the
mechanical system moving member and
mechanical mechanical system compliance of the
source
mechanical system
WF = We + Wm
Total energy Energy transferred to Energy transferred to the
transferred to the the coupling field by the coupling field from the
coupling field electric system mechanical system
WF = Wf + WfL
Energy stored in the Energy dissipated as heat
electric system (I2R)
4
• The electromechanical systems obey the law of conservation of energy.
• Energy Balance in an Electromechanical System
WF = Wf + WfL = We + Wm
WfL WmL
WeL
WE
   WM
WeS Wf WmS
5
• If the losses are neglected, we will obtain the following formula,
WF = We + Wm
Energy transferred to Energy transferred to the

the coupling field by the coupling field from the
electric system mechanical system
6
• Consider the electromechanical system given below,
f
k
r L
i f
+ m
+
N fe
V ef
- - D
x
x0
7
• The equation for the electric system is
di
V = ri + L + e f
dt
• The equation for the mechanical system is-
2
dx dx
f = m 2 + D + K ( x − x0 ) − fe
dt dt
8
• The total energy supplied by the electric source is -
 di 
WE =  V i dt =   ri + L + e f  i dt
 dt 
• The equation for the mechanical system is-

dx
WM =  f dx =  f dt
dt
9
• Substituting f from the equation of motion-
 
 
 
 
 dx2 dx 
WE =  f dx =   m 2 + D + K ( x − x0 ) − fe
 dx
  dt  dt      
Potential Energy Total energy
 Kinetic energy Heat loss stored in the spring transferre d to the 
 stored in the mass (Wall)
due the friction coupling field
from the 
 mechanical 
 system 
10
WM = −  f e dx
* Recall
W f = We + WM
W f =  e f idt −  f e dx
dW f = e f idt − f e dx
11
• If dx=0 is assumed, then
d
W f = WE =  e f idt =  i dt
dt
W f =  id
dx=0
12
• Recalling the normalized magnetization curve,
 W f =  id
 =  (i, x)
d
Wc =   di
13
 =  (i, x)
 (i, x)  (i, x)
d = di + dx
i x
 (i, x)
Wf =  i di
i dx=0
14
i = i ( , x )
i ( , x) i ( , x)
di = d + dx
 x
 i ( , x) 
Wc =   di =    d 
  
  dx=0
15
• From the previous relationship, it can be shown that for one coil,
i*
Wf =  i d  = L( x) i
0
i* 
W f =  i (L( x)di )
0
For a general case,
W f =   i j d j
j =1 dx=0
16
• For two coupled coils,
• For the general case with n-coupled coils,
1 1
W f = L11i 1 + L12i1i2 + L22i 2 2
2
2 2
1 n n
W f =   L pqi p iq
2 p =1q =1
17
Electromagnetic Force
• Recalling,
f
k
r L
i f
+ m
+
N fe
V ef
- - D
x
x0
18
W f = We + WM
W f =  e f idt −  f e dx
f e dx = dWe − dW f
d
ef =
dt
19
d
dWe = e f idt = i dt = i d
dt
f e dx = i d − dW f
 (i, x)  (i, x)
d = di + dx
i x
W f (i, x) W f (i, x)
dW f = di + dx
i x
Substituting for d and dWf in fedx=id  dWf, it can be shown

f e (i, x ) = i − dW f
x
20
• Recall, W f =  id

d
Wc = i − W f Wc =   di
Wc  W f
=i −
i
x x x
 W f
f e (i, x) = i −
x x
21
 i = W f + Wc W f =  i − Wc
 W f
f e (i, x) = i −
x x
   Wc 
f e (i, x) = i −i −− 
x x  x 
Wc
f e (i, x) = +
x
22

Electromechanical Energy Conversion

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Electromechanical Energy Conversion

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Electromechanical Energy

Energy Energy transferred to the

Energy transferred to Energy transferred to the

• The equation for the mechanical system is-

• For the general case with n-coupled coils,

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