Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Aisporna v. Court of Appeals and People A complaint was fi led against B&B Forest
Development Corporati on for the collection of a
Case No. 6G.R. No. L-39419 (April 12, 1982)Chapter sum of money. The trial court declared the said
VI, Page 248, Footnote No. 8 corporation in default. The Plainti ff sought the
garnishment of the bank deposit of B&B Forest
FACTS: with current Petitioner Bank. Thus, a notice of
P e ti ti o n e r Mrs. Aisporna was garnishment was issued by the Deputy Sheriff and
c h a r g e d w i t h v i o l a ti o n o f S e c . 1 8 9 o f t h e served on Peti ti oner Bank through its cashier,
Insurance Act for allegedly acti ng as an Tan Kim Liong. He refused to disclose the sought
insurance agent without fi rst securing a information, citing the provisions of RA 1405 which
certificate of authority to act as such from the office of prohibits the disclosure of any informati on relati ve
the Insurance Commissioner. Mrs. Aisporna, however, to bank deposits to any person except upon
maintained that she was not liable because she only writt en permission of the depositor. Furthermore, RA
assisted her husband, and that she did not receive any 1405 also imposes criminal liability on any official or
compensation. employee of a banking institution who breaks the
confidential nature of this law.
ISSUE:
W/N the receipt of compensation is an essential ISSUE:
element for violation of Sec.189. W/N a banking insti tuti on may validly refuse
to comply with a court process garnishing the
HELD: bank deposit of a judgment debtor, by invoking RA
Receipt of compensati on is essenti al to be 1405.
considered an insurance agent. Every part of a
HELD: compared to a natural child is equitable. An
acknowledged natural child is a natural child also and
No. It was not the intention of the lawmakers to place following the words of the law, they should be allowed
bank deposits beyond the reach of execution to satisfy adoption.
a final judgment. The discussion of the conference
committ ee report of the two houses
of Congress indicates that the prohibiti on
against examinati on of or inquiry into a bank
deposit under RA 1405 does not preclude its
People v. Concepcion
being garnished to insure satisfaction of a judgment.
Case No. 205G.R. No. 19190 (November
29, 1922)Chapter IV, Page 176, Footnote No.202
Prasnik v. Republic of the Philippines
FACTS
Case No. 125G.R. No. L-8639 (March 23, 1956)
FACTS:
Defendant authorized an extension of credit in favor
Peti ti oner seeks to adopt four children which
of Puno Y Concepcion,S. en C, a co-partnership.
he claims to be his and Paz Vasquez’ children
Defendant’s wife was a director of this co-
without the benefit of marriage. The Solicitor General
partnership. Defendant was found guilty of violating
opposed this stati ng that Art. 338 of the Civil
Sec. 35 of Act No. 2747 which says that “The National
Code allows a natural child to be adopted by
Bank shall not, directly or indirectly, grant loans to any
his father refers only to a child who has not
of the members of the Board of Directors of the bank
been acknowledged as natural child. It maintains
nor to agents of the branch banks.” This Section was in
that in order that a natural child may be adopted by
effect in 1919 but was repealed in Act No. 2938
his natural father or mother there should not be an
approved on January 30, 1921.
acknowledgment of the status of the natural child
for it will go against Art. 335.
ISSUE
ISSUE:
W/N the Civil Code allows for the adoption of
W/N Defendant can be convicted of violating Sections
acknowledged natural children of the father or
of Act No. 2747, which were repealed by Act No. 2938.
mother.
HELD:
HELD:
The law intends to allow adoption whether the child
be recognized or not. If the intention were to allow In the interpretation and construction, the primary
adoption only to unrecognized children, Article 338 rule is to ascertain and give effect to the intention of
would be of no useful purpose. The rights of an the Legislature. Section 49 in relation to Sec. 25 of Act
acknowledged natural child are much less than those No.2747 provides a punishment for any person who
of a legitimated child. Contending that this is shall violate any provisions of the Act. Defendant
unnecessary would deny the illegitimate children the contends that the repeal of these Sections by Act No.
chance to acquire these rights. 2938 has served to take away basis for criminal
prosecuti on. The Court holds that where an act
The trend when it comes to adopti on of children of the Legislature which penalizes an off ense
tends to go toward the liberal. repeals a former act which penalized the same
off ense, such repeal does not have the eff ect
The law does not prohibit the adopti on of an of thereaft er depriving the Courts of jurisdiction to
acknowledged natural child which when
try, convict and sentence offenders charged with right to recover for the taxes paid for the years previous to the date of
violations of the old law. his purchase; and those taxes not having been either due or payable and
not having ever been assessed or levied prior to the time when he
purchased the land, his contention is well founded.
The judgment appealed from is affirmed, with costs against the
appellant.
Regalado v. Yulo
De Jesus v. City of Manila
Case No. 255G.R. No. L-42293 (February
Case No. 86G.R. No. L-9337 (December 24, 13, 1935)Chapter II, Page 55, Footnote No.25
1914)Chapter IV, Page 134, Footnote No.41
FACTS:
FACTS: Peti ti oner was Justi ce of Peace of Malinao,
In 1907, Peti ti oner bought from an original Albay. On November 16, 1931, Act No. 3899 which
owner a piece of land in Manila which provided for the age retirement among justices was
was under the Torrens system. Apparently, approved. Afew years later, Petitioner became 65
the original owner incorrectly declared the size years of age (age retirement as provided bySec.
of the land. So, from 1901 – 1907, the original 203 of the Administrati ve Code, amended
owner was paying lesser taxes than he should further by Act. No.3899). Shortly thereafter,
have and same for Peti ti oner from 1907 – 1910. Esteban T. Villar was appointed as Justice of Peace to
Upon finding out that he was not paying the correct take the place of Petitioner. On December 17, 1934,
amount of taxes, Petitioner paid the taxes, fees, and Villar assumed office.
interest of P2, 096.49 for the unpaid balance of the ISSUE:
years 1901-1910.Soon aft er, he protested and W/N under the provisions of Section 203 of the
fi led an acti on to recover the same amount. Administrative Code, as further amended by Act No.
Petitioner was awarded P1, 649.82.Peti ti oner 3899, the Justi ces of Peace and auxiliary
contends that the supposed taxes from before justi ces appointed prior to the approval of the Act
1910 were not actually taxes because they had not shall cease to hold office upon reaching the age of65.
yet been assessed. Taxes may not be due and payable HELD:
until they are assessed. Justi ces appointed prior to the approval of the
Act will not be aff ected by said amendment (Act
ISSUE: No. 3899).
ISSUE:
W/N Respondent committed grave abuse of discretion.
B. Publication Requirements the general public adequate notice of the various laws
which are to regulate their actions and conduct as citizens.
Tanada v. Tuvera Without such notice and publication, there would be no
basis for the application of the maxim “ignorantia legis non
GR L-63915, 24 April 1985 (136 SCRA 27) excusat.” It would be the height of injustice to punish or
otherwise burden a citizen for the transgression of a law of
En Banc, Escolin (p): 1 concur, 2 concur with reservation, 1 which he had no notice whatsoever, not even a
took no part, 1 on leave constructive one. Further, publication is necessary to
apprise the public of the contents of regulations and make
Facts:
the said penalties binding on the persons affected thereby.
Invoking the people’s right to be informed on matters of In the present case, Presidential issuances of general
public concern (Section 6, Article IV of the 1973 Philippine application, which have not been published, shall have no
Constitution) as well as the principle that laws to be valid force and effect. The implementation/enforcement of
and enforceable must be published in the Official Gazette presidential decrees prior to their publication in the Official
or otherwise effectively promulgated, petitioners seek a Gazette is an operative fact, which may have consequences
writ of mandamus to compel respondent public officials to which cannot be justly ignored. The past cannot always be
publish, and or cause the publication in the Official Gazette erased by a new judicial declaration that an all-inclusive
of various presidential decrees, letters of instructions, statement of a principle of absolute retroactive invalidity
general orders, proclamations, executive orders, letter of cannot be justified.
implementation and administrative orders. They maintain
The Supreme Court ordered the respondents to publish in
that since the subject of the petition concerns a public right
the Official Gazette all unpublished presidential issuances
and its object is to compel the performance of a public
which are of general application and that unless so
duty, they are proper parties for the petition. The
published, they shall have no binding force and effect.
respondents alleged, however through the Solicitor-
General, that petitioners have no legal personality or
standing to bring the instant petition. They further contend
that publication in the Official Gazette is not a sine qua non Tanada v. Tuvera (Resolution)
requirement for the effectiveness of laws where the laws
provide for their own effectivity dates. Thus publication is GR L-63915, 29 December 1986 (146 SCRA 446)
not indispensable.
En Banc, Cruz (p) : 8 concurring
Issue:
Facts:
Whether publication is an indispensable requirement for
the effectivity of laws On 24 April 1985, the Court affirmed the necessity for the
publication to the Official Gazette all unpublished
presidential issuances which are of general application, and
Held: unless so published, they shall have no binding force and
effect. Decision was concurred only by 3 judges. Petitioners
Publication in the Official Gazette is necessary in those
cases where the legislation itself does not provide for its move for reconsideration / clarification of the decision on
effectivity date — for then the date of publication is various questions. Solicitor General avers that the motion is
material for determining its date of effectivity, which is the a request for advisory opinion. February Revolution took
fifteenthprovides for the date when it goes into effect. This place, which subsequently required the new Solicitor
is correct insofar as it equates the effectivity of laws with General to file a rejoinder on the issue (under Rule 3,
the fact of publication. Article 2 however, considered in the
Section 18 of the Rules of Court).
light of other statutes applicable to the issue does not
preclude the requirement of publication in the Official Issue:
Gazette, even if the law itself provides for the date of its
effectivity. The clear object of the such provision is to give
Whether publication is still required in light of the clause C. Ordinance
“unless otherwise provided”.Held: The clause “unless it is
otherwise provided,” in Article 2 of the Civil Code, refers to TOPIC:CHAPTER V – SUBJECTS OF CONSTRUCTIOND.
the date of effectivity and not to the requirement of ORDINANCES TITLE:JUAN AUGUSTO B. PRIMICIAS vs. THE
publication itself, which cannot in any event be omitted. MUNICIPALITY OFURDANETA,PANGASINAN, ET AL.(93
SCRA 462, G.R. No. L-26702 18 OCTOBER 1979)
This clause does not mean that the legislature may make
the law effective immediately upon approval, or on any FACTS:A criminal complaint
other date, without its previous publication. The legislature w a s fi l e d
may in its discretion provide that the usual fifteen-day against plaintiff Primiscias
period shall be shortened or extended. Publication f o r violation of Municipal Ordinance No. 3, Series of 1964
requirements applies to (1) all statutes, including those of after beingapprehended by a member of the Municipal
local application and private laws; (2) presidential decrees Police for
overtakinga t r u c k . P r i m i s c i a s t h e r e a ft e r fi
and executive orders promulgated by the President in the
led for the annulment of thes u b j e c t o
exercise of legislative powers whenever the same are rdinance with prayer for issuance
validly delegated by the legislature or directly conferred by o f p r e l i m i n a r y i n j u n c ti o n t o r e s t r a i n
the Constitution; (3) Administrative rules and regulations d e f e n d a n t s f r o m e n f o r c i n g t h e s a i d ordi
for the purpose of enforcing or implementing existing law nance. The Court of First Instance rendered Ordinance No.
pursuant also to a valid delegation; (4) Charter of a city 3,S-1964 as null and void, and repealed by RA 4136 also
notwithstanding that it applies to only a portion of the known asthe Land Transportation and Traffic Code.
Appellant appealed thedecision.
national territory and directly affects only the inhabitants of
that place; (5) Monetary Board circulars to “fill in the ISSUE:
details” of the Central Bank Act which that body is
supposed to enforce. Further, publication must be in full or Whether or not Ordinance No.
it is no publication at all since its purpose is to inform the 3, Series of 1964 enacted by
public of the contents of the laws. t h e Municipal Council of Urdaneta, Pangasinan is null and
void.
The Supreme Court declared that all laws as above defined
shall immediately upon their approval, or as soon H E L D :
thereafter as possible, be published in full in the Official
Y e s , t h e S u p r e m e C o u r t
Gazette, to become effective only after 15 days from their r u l e d t h a t s u b j e c t o r d i n a n c e
publication, or on another date specified by the legislature, h a s b e e n repealed by the enactment of RA 4316
in accordance with Article 2 of the Civil Code. and has therefor, becomenull and void stating that a later
law prevails over an earlier law. The Supreme Court further
averred
that local ordinances, in thisc a s e , a m u n i c i p
a l o r d i n a n c e , a r e i n f e r i o r i n
s t a t u s a n d subordinate to the laws
o f t h e s t a t e a n d w h e n e v e r t h e r e i s confli
ct between an ordinance and a statute, the ordinance
mustgive way.
Assignment The term “urea formaldehyde” used in Sec. 2 of RA 2609
refers to the finished
Casco Philippine Chemical Co. Inc., v. Hon. Pedro Gimenez
product as expressed by the National Institute of Science
Enrolled Bill and Technology, and is
Case No. 48 distinct and separate from “urea and formaldehyde” which
are separate chemicals
G.R. No. L-17931 (February 28, 1963)
used in the manufacture of synthetic resin. The one
Chapter I, Page 9, Footnote No.31 mentioned in the law is a finished
FACTS: product, while the ones imported by the Petitioner are raw
materials. Hence, the
Petitioner was engaged in the manufacture of synthetic
resin glues. It sought importation of “urea” and “formaldehyde” is not exempt
from the imposition of the
the refund of the margin fees relying on RA 2609 (Foreign
Exchange Margin Fee Law) margin fee.
stating that the Central Bank of the Philippines fixed a
uniform margin fee of 25% on
Astorga v. Villegas
foreign exchange transactions. However, the Auditor of the
Widrawal of authentication, effect
Bank refused to pass in
Case No. 23
audit and approved the said refunds upon the ground that
Petitioner’s separate G.R. No. L-23475 (April 30, 1974)
importations of urea and formaldehyde is not in accord Chapter I, Page 11, Footnote No.37
with the provisions of Sec. 2,
FACTS:
par. 18 of RA 2609. The pertinent portion of this
statute reads: “The margin House Bill No. 9266 was passed from the House of
Representatives to the
established by the Monetary Board … shall be imposed
upon the sale of foreign Senate. Senator Arturo Tolentino made substantial
amendments which were
exchange for the importation of the following: “XVIII. Urea
formaldehyde for the approved by the Senate. The House, without notice of said
amendments, thereafter
manufacture of plywood and hardwood when imported by
and for the exclusive use signed its approval until all the presiding officers of both
houses certified and attested
of end-users.”
to the bill. The President also signed it and thereupon
ISSUE: became RA 4065. Senator
W/N “urea” and “formaldehyde” are exempt by law from Tolentino made a press statement that the enrolled copy of
the payment of the House Bill No. 9266 was a
margin fee. wrong version of the bill because it did not embody the
amendments introduced by
HELD:
him and approved by the Senate. Both the Senate Marines to join in visibility patrols around the metropolis.
President and the President The Pres. invoked his Comm.-in-Chief powers under Sec 18,
Art VII of the Constitution. The IBP seeks to nullify the order
withdrew their signatures and denounced RA 4065 as
invalid. Petitioner argued that on constitutional grounds.
the authentication of the presiding officers of the Congress ISSUE: Does it have standing?
is conclusive proof of a
approved and were not incorporated in the printed text Chapter VI, Page 268, Footnote No. 83
sent to the President for
FACTS:
signature, the court can declare that the bill has not been
duly enacted and did not The Municipal Board of Manila enacted Ordinance No.
7522, “An Ordinance
become a law.”
Regulating the Operation of Public Markets and Prescribing
Fees for the Rentals of
IBP v. Zamora, 338 SCRA 81(2000) Stalls and Providing Penalties for Violation thereof and for
other Purposes.”
On locus Standi
Respondent were seeking the declaration of nullity of the
FACTS: Ordinance for the
participation in the enactment, c) Sec. 3(e) of the Anti-Graft Issue: WON the City of Manila have control or supervision
and Corrupt Practices over P. Burgos Ave making it responsible for the damages
suffered by Teotico.
Act has been violated, and d) the ordinance would violate
P.D. 7 prescribing the
Ruling: Decision affirmed.
collection of fees and charges on livestock and animal In its answer to the complaint, the City, alleged that "the
products. streets aforementioned were and have been constantly
kept in good condition…and manholes thereof covered by
ISSUE: the defendant City and the officers concerned…" Thus, the
City had, in effect, admitted that P. Burgos Avenue was and
What law shall govern the publication of tax ordinance is under its control and supervision.
enacted by the Under Article 2189 CC, it is not necessary for the liability
therein established to attach that the defective roads or
Municipal Board of Manila, the Revised City Charter or the
streets belong to the province, city or municipality from
Local Tax Code.
which responsibility is exacted. What said article requires is
HELD: that the province, city or municipality have either "control
or supervision" over said street or road. Even if P. Burgos
The fact that one is a special law and the other a general Avenue were, therefore, a national highway, this
law creates the circumstance would not necessarily detract from the City's
"control or supervision."
presumption that the special law is to be considered an
exception to the general.
People of the Philippines v. Purisima controlling factor. Because of the problem of determining
what acts fall under P.D. 9,
Constitutionality of the Statute
it becomes necessary to inquire into the intent and spirit of
Case No. 221 the decree and this can
G.R. Nos. L-42050-66 (November 20, 1978) be found among others in the preamble or “whereas”
clauses which enumerate the
Chapter III, Page 76, Footnote No.16
facts or events which justify the promulgation of the decree
FACTS:
and the stiff sanctions
Twenty-six petitions for review were filed charging the
stated therein.
respective Defendant