SP 2302 Planning Theory II

Level II – Semester 4

LECTURE 2
PLANNING PROCESS IN SRI LANKAN CONTEXT
Planning Process in Sri Lankan Context
Planning Process in Sri Lanka
Data Collection

Activity 1:
Find out the Planning
Survey Primary Data Secondary Data
Collection Collection Process that is adopted in
your sample plan.
3 PHASES OF PLANNING PROCESS

Boundary Delineation

Analysis

Analysis &
Synthesis
Potentials of the Constraints of the
area area

Vision Formulation

Strategy Formulation Formulation of Goals

and Objectives

Strategy formulation

Draft Plan Preparation

Gazetting
 Data Collection

Data
Information
Spatial Information

Data must be converted into information.

Information must be converted into SPATIAL INFORMATION
Spatial information locates the information spatially.

Activity 2:
Find out how the collected data is converted into
SPATIAL INFORMATION in your sample plan.
 Thematic project
Academic year: 2012/2015 Thalawakele & Lindula UC area
Data collection

Academic year: 2011/2015

Department of Town & Country Planning
Department of Town & countryUniversity
planning of Moratuwa University of Moratuwa
Data Collection
 Thematic Project
Academic year: 2011/2015 Thalawakele & Lindula UC area
Data collection

Pedestrian Flow.

Source: Academic year: 2011/2015

Department of Town & Country Planning
University of Moratuwa

Department of Town & Country Planning University of Moratuwa

 Thematic Project
Academic year: 2011/2015 Thalawakele & Lindula UC area
Data collection

Department of Town & country planning University of Moratuwa

Data Collection
 Thematic Project
Academic year: 2011/2015 Thalawakele & Lindula UC area
Data collection

Department of Town & Country Planning University of Moratuwa

Data Collection

All the information gathered during the

plan-making will be helpful to understand
the past and present condition of the town.

Therefore, gathering accurate information

is very important.
Boundary Delineation
 Why a boundary is important for planning?
 The plan will have direct impact within the
region it is prepared.

 CONVENTIONAL BOUNDARY DELINEATION:

 FORMAL BOUNDARY
 Administrative boundary
(MC boundary, DS Boundary, Provincial
Boundary, etc)
Boundary Delineation

Formal Boundary
Boundary Delineation
 Why a boundary is important for planning?
 The plan will have direct impact within the
region it is prepared.

 CONVENTIONAL BOUNDARY DELINEATION:

 FORMAL BOUNDARY
 Administrative boundary
(MC boundary, DS Boundary, Provincial
Boundary, etc)

 NEW METHOD OF BOUNDARY DELINEATION:

 FUNCTIONAL BOUNDARY
 Boundary is identified based on the
function and operation of the area.
 SYSTEMS APPROACH
Boundary Delineation

New Method

Functional Boundary Delineation

Functional Boundary Delineation

SYSTEMS APPROACH

Studying the project region based on it’s

SYSTEMS, PATTERNS AND NETWORKS
Functional Boundary Delineation

SYSTEMS, PATTERNS AND NETWORKS

City is a large system consisting of many sub

systems that are connected to each other.

Example:
Hydro System
Vegetation Pattern
Road Network
Built Fabric
Functional Boundary Delineation

1. Hydro Systems
2. Vegetation Pattern Multi-Variant
3. Road Network Technique
OR Compatibility with
4. Built fabric
Natural Barriers and
5. Traffic flow Weighted Overlay Administrative
6. Activity pattern Technique
boundary
7. Material flow

Functional Boundary
Functional Boundary Delineation
Functional Boundary
Formal Boundary - Western Province

Activity 3:
Find out the boundary
delineation process in your
sample plan.
Analysis of the Data

Analyzing and Conceptualizing

the Area

In-depth Comprehension of the

Area

How the place is organized?

How the place is structured?
The Spatial Configuration.
How the place has transformed?
What are the resources, assets and advantages of the Place?
What are the issues, problems and limitations of the Place?
Analyzing and Conceptualizing the Situation of an Area

How do we Analyze and Conceptualize an Area?

(In-depth Comprehension of the Area)

1. Evolution of Space
2. Spatial Configuration (Systems, Pattern, Network)
3. Spatial hierarchy
4. Activity network and Activity hierarchy
5. Regional Linkages
6. Land Value, Land Ownership
7. ….
8. … ,etc., etc.

Tools and Techniques involved in Analysis

1. Space Syntax
2. Systems Analysis
3. Activity Mapping
4. Connectivity Analysis
5. Solid & Void ratio
6. SWOT Analysis
7. Root Cause Analysis
8. Cost – Benefit Analysis , etc, etc.
Major Analysis Methods

1. SWOT Analysis

2. Root Cause Analysis

(Or Fishbone Analysis)
(Or Cause Effect Analysis)
SWOT Analysis

SWOT Analysis

 Strengths
Internal Ex: Having inland water bodies
 Weaknesses
Ex: Some water bodies are polluted
 Opportunities
External Ex: upcoming water management projects of UDA
 Threats
Ex: Settlements are exposed to seasonal floods due
to the inland water bodies
SWOT Analysis
When finding planning
SWOT Analysis
solutions….

 Strengths
Internal Use strengths
 Weaknesses to take advantage
of
opportunities
 Opportunities
External
 Threats
SWOT Analysis

SWOT Analysis

 Strengths
Internal Overcome weaknesses by
 Weaknesses taking advantage
of
opportunities
 Opportunities
External
 Threats
SWOT Analysis ?

SWOT Analysis

 Strengths
Internal
Use strengths
 Weaknesses to reduce the impact
of
 Opportunities threats
External
 Threats
SWOT Analysis

SWOT Analysis

 Strengths
Internal
 Weaknesses Defensive tactics
aimed at reducing
 Opportunities weaknesses &
External avoiding
 Threats threats
SWOT Analysis

SWOT Analysis

 Strengths
Internal
 Weaknesses Defensive tactics
aimed at reducing
 Opportunities weaknesses &
External avoiding
 Threats threats
SWOT Analysis
SWOT Matrix

Strengths – S Weaknesses – W

List strengths List Weaknesses

Opportunities – O SO Strategies WO Strategies

List Opportunities

Threats – T ST Strategies WT Strategies

List Threats
Root Cause Analysis

Root Cause Analysis

Cause Effect Analysis

It is applied to explain the inter-connectedness and

inter-relationships of problems & potentials…
 EXAMPLE OF ROOT CAUSE ANALYSIS

How Major Challenges are Inter-related?

Lack of job
opportunities

Less access to safe

Low income
drinking water
Inadequate fishery
infrastructure
Scattered activities
Inactive labor force within the town
center

Less attraction for Disorganized town

Damaged properties investors center

Less investment
Disaster threat Untapped potentials
Activity 3:
opportunities
Find out the Analysis Process
Located in disaster in your sample plan.
prone area Town center does Least populated
not welcome people town
Vision | Goals | Objectives
Vision | Goals | Objectives

Vision

“The most successful strategies are visions,

not plans”
Vision | Goals | Objectives

The Vision of the Department of Town & Country

Planning

To be the Emerging Prestigious Center for

Knowledge Enterprise in Spatial Planning and Spatial
Management Technology
Vision | Goals | Objectives

The Vision of the Development Plan

SPATIAL VISION

Future Spatial Pattern

Vision | Goals | Objectives
Example of SPATIAL VISION
Vision | Goals | Objectives
Example of SPATIAL VISION
Vision | Goals | Objectives
Example of SPATIAL VISION
Vision | Goals | Objectives
Example of SPATIAL VISION
 Spatial Vision and Spatial Strategy

Spatial vision will be converted into spatial strategy.

 Spatial Strategy

Spatial strategy is the most important strategy in a plan.

Spatial strategy proposes the future spatial structure of the city.

All the other strategies (such as environmental strategy, economic

strategy, population strategy, infrastructure strategy, etc) are made
to achieve the spatial strategy.
 Goals | Objectives

Goals | Objectives

Setting Goals

GOALS are

• broad
• general intentions
• intangible
• abstract
• can not be validated
 Goals | Objectives

Example of Goals

Goal 1
Create Compact Townships with vibrant
diverse economy.

Goal 2
Enhance efficient movement &
activities.

Goal 3
Promote healthy Comfort & Sustainable
environment for living.
 Goals | Objectives

Objectives

Setting Objectives

Objectives need to be SMART

• Specific
• Measurable
• Action-oriented / Attainable
• Realistic / Relevant
• Timely
 Goals | Objectives

Example of Objectives

By year 2017, reduce the unemployment

rate of the town from 5% to 2%.

By year 2020, ensure 100% environmental

protection within the town.
 STRATEGIES

STRATEGIC ACTION PROJECTS

STRATEGIC ACTIONS
 Present FUTURE CITY
PLANNING INTERVENTION
City (in 20 years)

Analyze & Identify issues in Proposed Spatial Form

the Present Spatial Form
Proposed Spatial Structure

SPATIAL STRATEGY

All other Strategies are Population Strategy Transportation Strategy

made to achieve the Spatial Housing Strategy
Strategy Economic Development Strategy
Environmental Strategy